黄浦江大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

为了解黄浦江大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,于2013年11月(枯水期)和2014年7月(丰水期)采集黄浦江干流及上游支流共11个断面的沉积物和底栖动物样本。共采集到大型底栖动物29种,其中环节动物14种,节肢动物10种,软体动物5种;优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、巨毛水丝蚓(Limnodrilus grandisetosus)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)和闪蚬(Corbicula nitens);黄浦江大型底栖动物平均密度为3 646.4 m-2,平均生物量为16.74 g·m-2。环节动物平均密度(3 575.6 m-2)最大,软体动物平均生物量(9.35 g·m-2)最大,环节动物主要分布在中下游,而节肢动物和软体动物主要出现在上游及上游支流。相关性分析表明,水体高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度等为黄浦江大型底栖动物群落分布的主要影响因子。     

辽宁省主要河流底栖动物群落结构及水质评价研究

利用2021年辽宁省主要河流47个点位的底栖动物监测数据分析其群落结构的空间分布、群落结构与环境因子的关系、不同评价指数以及它们与环境因子的相关关系,为辽宁省水生态监测与评价方法的优化提供参考。结果表明,（1）辽宁省主要河流共检出底栖动物4门8纲22目57科98属120种,以水生昆虫为主,其种类数和生物密度均占据优势地位。上游点位以水生昆虫和甲壳动物为优势类群,33%的上游点位以蜉蝣目、襀翅目和毛翅目（EPT）为优势类群;中游点位以甲壳动物为优势类群,软体动物和环节动物明显增多;下游点位以甲壳动物和环节动物为优势类群,水生昆虫和软体动物的相对密度明显减少;从上游到下游整体呈现水生昆虫相对密度不断减少、环节动物相对密度不断增多、软体动物相对密度先增多后减少、甲壳动物基本稳定的趋势。（2）RDA分析结果表明,氟化物、化学需氧量、生化需氧量和总磷与底栖动物群落数显著负相关,溶解氧和锌与底栖动物群落数显著正相关。溶解氧与总分类单元数相关性最高（F=2.37,P=0.02）,锌与环节动物相关性最高（F=3.30,P=0.01）。（3）构建了涵盖总分类单元数、EPT分类单元数、耐污种分类单元数和香...     

东莞城市河流大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因子

了解城市化进程对河流生态系统结构组成的影响是城市水生态环境保护的基础。为探究城市河流大型底栖动物群落结构的时空变化特征,于2021年12月-2022年1月和2022年5-6月对东莞市内东江、东引运河、石马河3条城市河流开展大型底栖动物监测。结果显示,东莞城市河流大型底栖动物种类组成上节肢动物占优势地位,其次是软体动物。科级分类水平上,枯水期常见科级分类单元包括齿吻沙蚕科、田螺科、摇蚊科、长臂虾科等,丰水期常见科级分类单元为田螺科、颤蚓科等。霍甫水丝蚓Limnodrilushoffmeisteri、宽身舌蛭Glossiphonialata、梨形环棱螺Bellamyapurificata、中华沼螺Parafossarulus sinensis、钩虾属一种Gammarus sp.和湖沼股蛤Limnoper lacustris是造成群落结构时空差异的关键物种。物种丰富度和现存量枯水期高于丰水期,石马河高于东江和东引运河。基于统计学的估计值表明,整体上大型底栖动物物种数46-52种,枯水期约38-42种,丰水期约28-31种,石马河物种数最高（约35-38种）而东江最低（约23-27种）。β多样...     

黄河三角洲滩涂区大型底栖动物群落数量特征

在对黄河三角洲河口滩涂区主要市地类型大型底栖动物调查的基础上,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,利用物种丰度、生物量、丰富度指数、物种多样性指数、均匀度及生态优势度指数等指标对3种梯度带8类典型样地下的大型底柄动物进行群落特征调查分析.结果表明,①黄河口滩涂区共有大型底柄动物30种,隶属于节肢动物门、软体动物门及环节动物门,共7纲24科25属;大型底柄动物种类南多到少为节肢动物>环节动物>软体动物,平均生物量为19.48 g·m-2,平均丰度为679.04 ind·m-2,生物量由多到少为节肢动物>软体动物>环节动物.②随着南水生生境过渡到旱生生境,河口滩涂区大型底栖动物物种丰富度和多样性均有减少趋势,生态优势度有增加的趋势,其生物种类、生物量和丰度表现为芦苇湿地>海防林带>盐碱滩.③随着季节的变化,不同样地类型的物种丰度和生物量变化幅度很大,夏季比春季高;但生态优势度指数随季节变化不明显,由春季到夏季底柄动物在物种均匀度上表现为减弱趋势,而物种多样性总体上表现为增加趋势.     

汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物群落特征及其多样性评价

为探究汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物群落特征,研究了汾河上中游流域17个采样点位的大型底栖动物物种组成、空间分布、与水质环境因子的关系及其多样性.研究结果表明,汾河上中游流域共鉴定出大型底栖动物4门6纲25科,共37(属)种,且不同采样点位大型底栖动物的种类、生物密度和生物量具有明显的空间异质性;水质环境因子对汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物的影响大小排序为DO>TP>CON>NH₃-N>TN>pH>BOD₅,不同种类大型底栖动物的主要水质影响因子不同;汾河上中游流域17个采样点中,大型底栖动物多样性最好为"一般"等级,占总采样点位的29%,"较差"等级采样点位占41%,"差"等级采样点位占30%,汾河上中游流域大型底栖动物的多样性综合评价为"较差"等级.     

富营养浅湖水生植被重建对底栖动物的影响

利用在极富营养型的浅水湖泊所建立的大型实验围隔系统，对水生植被恢复后底栖动物群落的变化作了为期3a的研究．4个围隔和大湖对照点共采集到底栖动物38种，Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ号围隔人工恢复沉水植被后，水质得到明显的改善，底栖动物群落结构发生明显的变化：其种类项目、个体密度和生物量增加，软体动物重新出现，生物多样性提高．对底栖动物与水生植物之间的相互关系也作了探讨．     

基于大型底栖动物完整性指数的海河流域典型水库水生态健康评价

为了解海河流域典型供水型水库的水生态健康状况,于2021年4-6月对流域14座典型水库的大型底栖动物进行了调查,构建并应用大型底栖动物完整性指数（Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity,B-IBI）对水库的水生态健康状况进行评价。调查共采集到大型底栖动物56个分类单元,包括节肢动物门40种,其中昆虫纲35种,占据明显优势;此外,软体动物门8种,环节动物门7种,扁形动物门1种。从大型底栖动物的耐污值（Tolerance Value,TV）看,TV≤3的敏感类群12种,占21.4%;TV≥7的耐污类群所21种,占37.5%。调查中出现频率最高的3个物种分别为椭圆萝卜螺（Radix swinhoei,出现频率为78.6%）、环足摇蚊属一种（Cricotopus sp.,64.3%）和摇蚊属一种（Chironomus sp.,64.3%）,3个种均为耐污值较高的种类。选择分类单元数、主要类群的相对丰度、耐污能力和功能摄食群等四大类合计25个指标作为构建大型底栖动物完整性指数的候选指标,经分布范围检验、判别能力分析和Pearson相关性分析,最终确定总分类单元数、EP...     

河北昌黎海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼资源现状

于2017年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对河北昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区海域大型底栖动物群落特征及青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)资源现状进行调查。结果表明,春夏两季分别鉴定出大型底栖动物56和50种,种类组成皆以环节动物为主;大型底栖动物平均栖息密度为87.11 m~(-2),平均生物量为11.13 g·m~(-2);青岛文昌鱼平均栖息密度为31.36 m~(-2),平均生物量为1.44 g·m~(-2),体长为0.50～4.45 cm,Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄青岛文昌鱼占优势地位,体重为0.3～109.4 mg,优势体重组为20～40和0～20 mg,昌黎海域青岛文昌鱼个体偏小,与历史资料对比发现,青岛文昌鱼资源量正在逐年减少。春夏两季大型底栖动物多样性指数变化趋势相似,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值显示该海域大型底栖动物生境一般;采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排列尺度(MDS)分析相结合的方法研究春夏季大型底栖动物群落结构,结果表明春季可分为5个群组,夏季可分为2个群组,群组组成差异较大。     

洞庭湖近30年大型底栖动物的群落演变

1988─2013年洞庭湖共记录大型底栖动物229种,隶属于4门7纲,其中软体动物门84种,线形动物门1种,寡毛纲28种,昆虫纲105种,蛭纲7种,甲壳纲4种。洞庭湖所存物种主要是水生昆虫和软体动物,分别占全湖种类的45.9%和36.7%,而寡毛类、蛭纲和甲壳纲分别只占12.2%、3.1%和1.7%。2000─2013年底栖动物的平均物种数(49种)明显低于1988─2000年(58种),水生昆虫的种类数下降最为显著。1988─2013年底栖动物的平均密度为249 ind·m-2,其中寡毛类密度为38 ind·m-2,水生昆虫密度为80 ind·m-2,软体动物密度为94 ind·m-2,分别占总密度的15.1%,32.0%和37.8%。近30年洞庭湖底栖动物优势种发生了较大程度的变迁,相对较为耐污的种类成为了优势种,如环棱螺(Bellamya sp.)、齿斑摇蚊(Stictochironomus sp.)和苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)。洞庭湖软体动物资源较为丰富,尤其是南洞庭湖,特有物种较多,但大部分处于濒危状态,洞庭湖的双壳类优势种由大型的蚌类演变为小型的河蚬。近30年来分析表明底栖动物种类数和密度与水体总氮(TN)和综合营养状态指数(∑TLI)都呈显著负相关,洞庭湖尤其是东洞庭湖的富营养化对大型底栖动物群落产生了明显的影响。     

东寨港红树林区大型底栖动物多样性研究

于2010年3-12月对海南东寨港红树林区进行4次采样,研究该地大型底栖动物生物量、栖息密度的时空变化规律以及不同季节红树林群落大型底栖动物物种多样性的差异.结果表明,不同季节大型底栖动物的种类、数量差异极大,大型底栖动物种类以冬季为最多(45种),夏季为最少(28种),生物量以秋季为最高(272.78 g·m-2),夏季为最低(165.93 g·m-2),密度以冬季为最大(679.25 m-2),夏季为最小(504.95 m-2).对各站位大型底栖动物的生物量、栖息密度及不同红树群落底栖动物的物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数进行站位-季节间无重复的双因素方差分析,结果显示栖息密度、多样性指数和丰富度指数在季节间差异显著(P＜0.05),生物量、均匀度指数在站位间差异显著(P＜0.05).分析表明温度、盐度、底质和红树种类是导致大型底栖动物物种多样性存在差异的主要因素,东寨港红树林恢复有利于底栖动物生物量及物种多样性的增加.     

常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系

2003年8月采用半定量采样法调查了常州地区太湖流域上游南河、运南、运北和洮滆水系29个样点的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性,共获得113种大型底栖无脊椎动物,其中,腹足纲18种,瓣鳃纲10种,寡毛纲8种,蛭纲4种,甲壳纲6种,昆虫纲67种.优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata).该群落平均密度为658 m-2,其中,霍甫水丝蚓密度最高,达400 m-2.观山桥样点大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性最高,群落物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度和生态优势度分别为54,4.36,0.76和0.08.综合分析结果表明,群落多样性从高到低排序依次为南河水系、洮滆水系、运南水系、运北水系.出现频率在15%以上的24个物种与6种环境因子之间的典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,总氮、总磷和溶解氧对该地区大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性的影响较大.     

Comparison of macroinvertebrate community structure in urban (Shenzhen City) streams with typical habitat characteristics北大核心CSCD

2020年12月在深圳市城市区域典型生境特征溪流——城市山区源头溪流金龟河、国家地质公园保护区入海溪流杨梅坑河与黑臭水体治理后溪流石溪河,开展底栖动物多样性与生境质量状况取样,通过多元统计分析探明各溪流底栖动物群落结构差异及其主要环境影响因子.结果表明:(1)金龟河底质异质性(SI)最高;杨梅坑河水质最好且流态异质性(Fr)最优,石溪河水质最差且底质异质性(Fr)最低.(2)共采集鉴定大型底栖动物118个分类单元,隶属于3门6纲14目87科.水生昆虫均占绝对优势,其中金龟河67属(81.7%),杨梅坑河62属(95.4%),石溪河12属(52.2%).金龟河中底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、改进的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度均高于杨梅坑河与石溪河.(3)金龟河的主要功能摄食类群是滤食者(45.5%),杨梅坑河(38.3%)与石溪河(58.7%)的主要功能摄食类群均为收集者.(4)冗余分析(RDA)结果显示,氨氮、海拔、湿宽、水温、溶氧、底质异质性(SI)、电导率和流态异质性(Fr)为影响深圳市溪流的大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子.研究表明:(1)深圳市的山区溪流可作为深圳市生物多样性保护的重点区域.(2)在城市溪流生态系统中,水环境化学因子并非为主要影响因子,生境多样性发挥了重要作用.(图6表3参43)     

Feeding biology of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophiura sarsii</Emphasis> Lütken, 1855 on Banquereau bank and the effects of fishing

Ophiura sarsii was collected in May/June from Banquereau Bank off Nova Scotia, Canada as part of the benthic fauna analyzed in a 2 year clam dredging-impact experiment. In total, 529 O. sarsii specimens were analyzed; 174 (33%) had stomach contents while the rest were empty. Ophiura sarsii is a trophic generalist feeding on at least 31 taxa (52% identified to species) drawn from four phyla: Arthropoda (81.8%), Annelida (13.2%), Mollusca (3%), and Cnidaria (1.5%). However, the diet was largely restricted to two amphipod families (Ampeliscidae and Lysianassidae), accounting for 54–70% of stomach contents at any one sampling period. This diet provides indirect evidence for carnivory. Limited spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the proportion of animals feeding showed no consistent pattern. Where diet composition differed (ANOSIM) it was attributed to the proportion of lysianassid and ampeliscid amphipods consumed. Dredging introduced new dietary items, although diet composition was not significantly altered.     

鄱阳湖大型底栖动物群落结构的空间分布及影响因子研究

由于受人类活动干扰的加强以及受与长江干流之间"江湖关系"变化的影响,近年来鄱阳湖水生生态系统的状况及变化受到较多关注。对底栖动物群落结构的研究将有助于了解鄱阳湖生态系统结构现状及影响因子,对鄱阳湖保护对策的制定形成有效支撑。2016年7月,对鄱阳湖湖区(分别于鄱阳湖保护区和南矶山保护区)的底栖动物群落结构及相关环境因子进行了调查。调查共发现大型底栖动物27种,隶属于5门8纲,平均密度为48.40 ind.·m-2,其中主要以软体动物门为主;平均生物量为28.12 g·m-2,亦主要由软体动物门贡献。湖区主要优势种为河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)(优势度y=0.0655)、铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)(y=0.0336)、霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)(y=0.0268)。底栖动物密度、生物量及多样性指数均呈现出鄱阳湖保护区高于南矶山保护区的格局,且二者在群落组成上有明显差异,鄱阳湖自然保护区主要以腹足纲和寡毛纲为主,南矶山自然保护区主要以瓣鳃纲和腹足纲为主。典范对应分析的结果显示,鄱阳湖保护区主要受到高水深、低浊度及高溶氧的影响;南矶山保护区各样点之间群落相似性较差,分别受不同因子的影响,这表明在各区域内部,局域微生境在局域群落结构的塑造上起主要作用,因此该区域内生态系统的保护应适当考虑空间尺度。     

The effects of catchment land use on water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblages in Otara Creek,New Zealand

The effect of catchment land use on water quality and macroinvertebrate communities was examined by using data gathered during a 2004 reconnaissance of nine sites in the Otara Creek, New Zealand. Data collected included macroinvertebrate, water chemistry and sediments characteristics. Macroinvertebrate data were used in metric and index calculations. A total of 61 macroinvertebrate taxa, with 3032 total individuals, were identified from the macroinvertebrates samples collected from nine sites in Otara Creek. The greatest number of macroinvertebrate taxa was recorded within bush sites (mean>25), while the urban sites had the least number of taxa (mean=10). Pasture sites were intermediate with the mean>17. Taxa number differed significantly across land use. Mean macroinvertebrates abundance varied across the sites and land uses. The highest macroinvertebrates mean abundance was recorded in urban and pasture sites, while bush sites had significantly lower mean abundance. Physico-chemical parameters decreased from bush toward urban streams. Biotic indices were sensitive to changes in macroinvertebrates community structure across land uses with mean scores decreasing from bush to urban and pasture streams. Ordination of biological data showed a clear separation of bush from urban and pastures streams. Analysis of similarities revealed significant differences in macroinvertebrates between both stream groups and land-use groups. The observed macroinvertebrate assemblage pattern was best correlated with a single variable, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, nitrate and dissolved oxygen. The combination of these environmental variables best explained the changes in the macroinvertebrate assemblages between sites. This study demonstrates that catchment land use may significantly affect the water quality and macroinvertebrate communities in an ecosystem.     

Twenty years of stream restoration in Finland: little response by benthic macroinvertebrate communities

The primary focus of many in-stream restoration projects is to enhance habitat diversity for salmonid fishes, yet the lack of properly designed monitoring studies, particularly ones with pre-restoration data, limits any attempts to assess whether restoration has succeeded in improving salmonid habitat. Even less is known about the impacts of fisheries-related restoration on other, non-target biota. We examined how restoration aiming at the enhancement of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) affects benthic macroinvertebrates, using two separate data sets: (1) a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design with three years before and three after restoration in differently restored and control reaches of six streams; and (2) a space-time substitution design including channelized, restored, and near-natural streams with an almost 20-year perspective on the recovery of invertebrate communities. In the BACI design, total macroinvertebrate density differed significantly from before to after restoration. Following restoration, densities decreased in all treatments, but less so in the controls than in restored sections. Taxonomic richness also decreased from before to after restoration, but this happened similarly in all treatments. In the long-term comparative study, macroinvertebrate species richness showed no difference between the channel types. Community composition differed significantly between the restored and natural streams, but not between restored and channelized streams. Overall, the in-stream restoration measures used increased stream habitat diversity but did not enhance benthic biodiversity. While many macroinvertebrates may be dispersal limited, our study sites should not have been too distant to reach within almost two decades. A key explanation for the weak responses by macroinvertebrate communities may have been historical. When Fennoscandian streams were channelized for log floating, the loss of habitat heterogeneity was only partial. Therefore, habitat may not have been limiting the macroinvertebrate communities to begin with. Stream restoration to support trout fisheries has strong public acceptance in Finland and will likely continue to increase in the near future. Therefore, more effort should be placed on assessing restoration success from a biodiversity perspective using multiple organism groups in both stream and riparian ecosystems.     

A model of macroinvertebrate trophic structure and oxygen demand in freshwater wetlands

We present a model of macroinvertebrate trophic structure, detrital cycling, and dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics in shallow freshwater wetlands with varying allochthonous subsidies. The model is based on field data of primary and secondary production in municipal wastewater-fed and river-fed constructed wetlands in central Ohio, USA. State variables for primary production include macrophyte, periphyton, and metaphyton biomass. Macroinvertebrate biomass is segregated by functional feeding group and includes collectors, scrapers, shredders, and predators. Model simulations demonstrate the association of water column dissolved oxygen, primary production, allochthonous organic matter, and the structure of the macroinvertebrate community. The quality and quantity of allochthonous carbon is shown to have considerable importance, not only as a food source but also as an oxygen sink. Allochthonous carbon equivalent to 5% of autochthonous production increases the macroinvertebrate standing crop by 4–17%, depending on particle size. A large allochthonous subsidy also reduces the simulated average diel dissolved oxygen and increases the percentage of hypoxia-tolerant macroinvertebrates. Simulations show both the heterotrophic response and the changes in community structure brought about by an allochthonous subsidy.     

Role of food subsidies and habitat structure in influencing benthic communities of shell mounds at sites of existing and former offshore oil platforms

Mussels (Mytilus californianus, M. galloprovincialis) and other organisms sloughed from offshore oil platforms provide a food subsidy to benthic consumers and alter underlying soft bottom habitat by creating hard substrate. The removal of overlying platforms eliminates this food subsidy, but large shell mounds remain. The distribution, abundance, and population characteristics of mobile macroinvertebrates differed among shell mounds beneath existing offshore oil platforms, shell mounds at the former sites of offshore oil platforms, and soft bottom. Predatory and omnivorous echinoderm and mollusk species were more abundant and generally larger on shell mounds under platforms than on shell mounds without platforms. Omnivorous and deposit feeding echinoderms were the most abundant macroinvertebrate taxa sampled on mound-only sites. The brown rock crab (Cancer antennarius), known to have a strong preference for hard substrate, was significantly more abundant on shell mounds, with or without platforms, than adjacent soft bottom sites. Results suggest that the effects of platform removal differed among benthic species according to trophic level, degree of mobility, and substrate preference. Although the shell mound habitat persists after removal of platform structures, species abundance and the composition of the associated benthic community is altered by removal of the platform structure.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin     

Estuarine Vegetated Habitats as Corridors for Predator Movements

Abstract: The spatial proximity of one habitat to another can strongly influence population and community dynamics. We investigated whether the proximity of intertidal oyster reefs to vegetated estuarine habitats, salt marshes, and seagrass beds, affects the abundance and community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates on reefs and predator-prey interactions between mobile predators and bivalves living on reefs. Benthic macroinvertebrate abundance was highest on reefs spatially separated from salt marshes. Macroinvertebrate species richness was highest on reefs separated from both salt marshes and seagrass beds. Comparisons of predation on juvenile bivalves transplanted to reefs for 7–12 days indicated that survivorship of clams was greatest on reefs spatially separated from both salt marshes and seagrass beds, whereas reef proximity to vegetated habitats did not affect the survivorship of oysters. The foraging behavior of blue crabs may explain patterns of macroinvertebrate abundance and clam survivorship among reefs with different proximity to vegetated habitats. In experiments conducted in 30-m² field enclosures, blue crabs had higher predation rates on hard clams transplanted onto artificial reefs adjacent to salt marshes or seagrass beds than on reefs separated from both habitats by unvegetated sand bottom. Thus, vegetated habitats appeared to act as corridors by facilitating the access of blue crabs to oyster reefs and enhancing the intensity of blue crab predation. Such an understanding of the effects of landscape characteristics of estuarine habitats on their value as habitats for estuarine organisms can be used to predict the consequences of habitat fragmentation on ecosystem function and to improve strategies for habitat and species conservation and restoration.     

广州地区大气中挥发性有机物的污染状况

研究了广州市不同功能区VOCs的污染状况，以及广州地区外围主导风向通道上大气环境中臭氧前体物的种类和浓度分布，初步探讨了广州地区光化学污染来源。