江浙沪地区小型燃烧温室气体减排研究

根据ＩＰＣＣＧｕｉｄｅｌｉｎｅｓ（１９９５）提供的方法，对１９９０年江浙沪地区小型燃烧中温空气体排放进行统计计算，２０００年的预测情况与９０年代的实际能源结构对比ＣＯ２减排的量为８４５．４万ｔ，减排了总量的１１％左右。     

依靠科学技术 保安全 促生产

依靠科学技术保安全促生产河北沧州大化集团公司宋满金河北沧州大化集团公司是７０年代初从美国、荷兰引进成套设备建设的大型化肥企业，以天然气为原料，设计能力为年产合成氨３０万吨、尿素４８万吨，１９７７年建成投产。进入９０年代，又先后建成投产了年产１．３５万...     

可持续产品的概念,内涵与研究进展

可持续产品的概念、内涵与研究进展万秋山随着可持续发展观念逐渐被全球各国所接受；对实现可持续发展手段的研究已全面展开，一并有了长足的进展。８０年代末期成熟起来的“清洁生产”、“污染预防”等方法得到了广泛应用，９０年代初以来又相继出现了“产品生命周期分析...     

我国汽车尾气污染及其控制

１９９５年全国机动车排放的ＣＯ和ＮＯｘ分别为２０００万吨和１２０万吨，两者和铅对城市大气污染的分担率分别达８５％、４０－４５％和８０－９０％。国内应重点开发贵金属－稀土、贵金属－稀土－过渡金属复合催化剂净化汽车尾气，并健全行政、经济等措施加以控制。     

电化学方法脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的研究

运用电化学方法脱除二氧化硫是一种较为清洁的脱硫方式，本文主要研究了电化学脱硫过程中， 电解溴化氯化及溴氧化二氧化硫的各种影响因素，并通过优化获得了较高的电解效率９０％和脱硫效率９０％－９５％。     

强化领导 严格监管扎实抓好环境保护工作

强化领导严格监管扎实抓好环境保护工作●鲁中冶金矿山公司选矿厂山东环境／１９９７年第６期／总第８１期鲁中冶金矿山公司选矿厂是国有大型选矿企业。现有职工６００多人，全厂各类设备７６０台（套），装机总容量１０２７１千瓦，占地面积９０万平方米，年处理原矿１７...     

加强安全教育提高安全素质

加强安全教育提高安全素质盘锦乙烯工业公司我们公司，是一个具有８０年代世界先进水平的大型化工企业，是“七五”期间辽宁省最大的自筹资金建设项目，现有职工４０００多人，一期工程历经３７个月的工程建设，于’９０年建成投产，设计能力为年产乙烯１３万吨，线性低密...     

维生素C碱转化改造项目有毒作业分级

宜昌市某制药厂为降低维生素Ｃ生产成本，提高生产能力，投资人民币１１００万元对旧的生产工艺设备进行了改造。本所根据《劳动法》的要求，按照《有毒作业分级》ＧＢ１２３３１－９０等国家标准，对该改造项目各生产岗位进行了职业危害分级，对改造中用有毒的甲醇溶剂取...     

信息和动态

信息和动态我国２０００年的环境控制目标到２０００年，我国环境的控制目标是：工业废水排放量控制在３００亿ｔ左右；工业废水处理率达到８４％，城市污水集中处理率达到２０％左右；ＳＯ２排放量控制在２１００～２３００万ｔ，工业废气处理率达到９０％，城市居民燃气...     

艰辛的路程 辉煌的成就——郯城纸板厂环保工作纪实

郯城县纸板厂创建于１９７０年，经过近３０年的艰苦创业，特别是进入９０年代后，企业的超常规发展，使该厂焕发了生机活力，其固定资产达到１８亿元，年生产能力１０万吨，主产品为石膏板护面纸、高强度瓦楞原纸、薄牛卡纸等高新科技产品。在企业迅猛发展的同时，企业...     

改性羽毛处理铬鞣废水中Cr(Ⅲ)的研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯对羽毛进行接枝改性,以改性羽毛角蛋白处理铬鞣废水,探讨了铬鞣废水的处理量、铬鞣废水pH值、吸附时间等对铬离子吸附的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件:1.5g改性羽毛处理22mL铬鞣废水,铬鞣废水pH为4.5,静态吸附20h。     

Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process reusing the tanning floats

A chrome tanning process which allows the reuse of tanning floats has been developed. The most commonly used chromium salts were replaced by highly masked and basified ones. This substitution eliminates basification operation and prevents pH change and the considerable neutral salts concentration increase in the tanning float. Consequently, tanning float can be reused several times. An optimum chromium salt concentration in the tanning float between 10% and 12.5% has been determined. It has been shown that the number of times the tanning float can be reused depends on the quality of the leather grain to be manufactured. In the best case, a saving of 18 L of water per kilogram of tanned leather is calculated. This means savings of 90% of water normally used.     

An improved product-process for cleaner chrome tanning in leather processing

Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners to look for low-waste, high exhaust chrome tanning salts. An improved chrome syntan with more than 90% uptake of chrome has been developed. The new product serves both as tanning and retanning agent and can be applied directly to delimed pelts thus eliminating the conventional pickling stage in the leather processing. This modified process helps to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorides in the spent tan liquor by 51, 81 and 99%, respectively. The product offers full, soft leathers having shrinkage temperature comparable to conventional chrome tanned skins. Since the developed product is highly reactive, it saves time and reduces the water requirement when compared to the conventional chrome tanning method. Thus the novel product/process developed not only has advantages in reducing pollution loads but also seems to be techno-economically viable.     

混凝微滤法处理制革废水

对混凝微滤法处理制革废水进行了试验研究,通过大量试验,确定了最佳工艺条件。在最优控制的基础上,制革废水经混凝沉淀－微滤处理后,COD,BOD5,SS和色度的去除率分别为80%,87%,89%和92%左右,处理后废水可达到排放标准或回用于制革工艺。结果表明,在较低温度下,用硫酸亚铁作混凝剂仍能较好地完成混凝沉淀,验证了硫酸亚铁的低温混凝效果。因此,该工艺值得在北方寒冷地区大力推广。      

用一步净化器处理电镀废水

传统的电镀废水在铬、氰单独预处理后,后续通常采用“反应池+斜管(板)沉淀池+沙滤罐”的工艺处理电镀酸碱混合废水,但若出现含铬、氰废水混排到酸碱混合废水池时,就会出现总排水的六价铬、氰化物和总铬3项指标很难达标排放;而该工艺后续采用“一步净化器”处理电镀酸碱混合废水,很好地解决了混排的问题,处理后的出水各项指标都能达标排放,为电镀废水的处理提供了一种新的工艺形式,具有很高的推广价值。     

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

A novel method to extract protein and Cr(III) from the chrome leather scrap discarded by leather industry is described.Chrome leather scarp was hydrolyzed under basic condition to remove chromium compound and extract protein. The extracted protein was mixed with substrate and used as feed protein after being dried and ground. The basic residue was treated with sulfuric acid to obtain chrome(III) sulfate which can be used as tanning agent again after adjusting pH with base. The acidic residue was processed and used as flower fertilizer. The safety of the protein powder produced has been by toxicology and nutriology test. This reclamation method has been industrialized.     

A salt-free pickling regime for hides and skins using oxazolidine

During the last few decades new materials and technologies have being studied and applied in order to reduce the ecological impact of leather production. Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners and researchers to look for eco-benign pickling and tanning processes. In this study, we would focus on the novel process development of pickling with the presence of oxazolidine based product. Investigations indicated that oxazolidine is a potential material to replace neutral salts in pickling and, realize high chrome exhaustion in the subsequential chrome tanning.     

毛皮加工清洁生产的白皮鞣制技术

研究了改性有机磷化合物在毛皮鞣制过程中的应用技术(白皮鞣制技术),替代了传统的甲醛或铬类鞣剂进行的毛皮加工生产,减少了毛皮产品及生产废液中有害物质的含量,达到了欧盟规定的技术要求,实现了环保型加工。     

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｒｏｍｅｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｃｒａｐｉｓｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｄ ｗａｓｔｅｏｆｌｅａｔｈｅｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｉｔｓｍａｉｎｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ(ｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｌｌａｇｅｎｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ｇｌｏｂｕｌｉｎａｎｄａｌｂｕｍｉｎ) ,ｓｏｍｅＣｒｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｂｏｎｄｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ａｌｉｔｔｌｅｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅ ,ｆａｔａｎｄｓｏｍｅｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｓ.Ｔｈｅｃｈｒｏｍｅｌｅａｔｈｅｒｓｃｒａｐｓｔａｃｋｅｄｗｉｌｌｐｕｔｒｉｄｇｒａ…     

Reducing sulfates concentration in the tannery effluent by applying pollution prevention techniques and nanofiltration

The use of large quantities of sulfuric acid and other sulfur-containing chemicals causes high sulfate concentrations in the wastewater of a tannery. The aim of this work was reducing the sulfate concentration in the final wastewater from a tannery. For that, firstly a study about the main sulfate sources in a tannery was carried out and the total sulfates load in the tannery wastewater was evaluated. Two measures for sulfates reduction were studied: the recycling of unhairing wastewater to the soaking drums and the reuse of the chromium sulfate from the tanning washing wastewater after its separation by nanofiltration (NF). The first measure proposed was studied experimentally in laboratory drums of 5 L of volume. Two series of experiments with different volumes of unhairing wastewater in the soaking bath were carried out. The quality of the final leather was evaluated by means of mechanical tests. NF experiments were carried out in a laboratory pilot plant with a spiral wounded membrane element. Concerning the results, the combination of 50% unhairing wastewater and 50% of fresh water was appropriate in order to obtain leather with an acceptable quality. Besides, it drove to a diminution of approximately 10% in the addition of sulfide in the unhairing. Related to the NF experiments, 97% of the sulfates were rejected by the membrane. The separated ions could be recycled to the tanning drums. The application of the two measures (firstly the recycling of the unhairing wastewater and secondly the NF of the tanning washing wastewater) drove to a reduction of 14.82 kg SO₄⁻² t⁻¹ of raw hide.