用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化法处理含油污水

通过对耐盐微生物的驯化培养,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺,对一定矿化度条件下含油污水进行了处理。试验证明,在矿化度为2～5g/L时,利用耐盐驯化的微生物,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺处理污水,CODcr去除率可达80%以上。该系统运行稳定,运行成本较低。     

碱度、氨氮负荷和COD对独立硝化的影响

用自制好氧装置进行硝化试验,考察碱度、氨氮负荷和COD对以硝化菌群为优势菌群的独立硝化的影响。试验结果表明：污水的碱度太低引起pH下降将导致硝化反应不能进行甚至停止;氨氮负荷影响硝化速率,氨氮浓度低将使硝化菌受底物限制影响硝化速率,氨氮浓度过高则对硝化菌有毒害作用;污水的COD对硝化菌在一定程度上产生抑制作用,COD越高抑制作用时间越长。     

基于厌氧氨氧化技术的城市生活污水处理方法

鉴于城市生活污水缺乏易降解的碳源,且处理过程中可能导致碳排放量和运行成本的增加,提出基于厌氧氨氧化技术的城市生活污水处理方法。从城市生活污水处理的技术革新与污水自身产生能源的开发再利用两个角度出发,提出厌氧硝化反应—短程硝化反应—厌氧氨氧化反应结合的新工艺,成功运用厌氧氨氧化工艺处理城市生活污水,并对反应过程的沿程水质与COD、氮素去除效果进行检测。结果表明：当TN去除率达到91.8%时,反应过程中TN出水量低至3.7 mg/L,此时NH3-N和NO2--N去除率分别为99.6%与97.0%,且NH3-N与NO2--N能量损耗比值为1∶0.96;当出水溶解性的COD浓度低于12 mg/L时,去除率可以达到98.9%;使用厌氧氨氧化技术后,TN的容积负荷与去除容积后的负荷分别为0.92 kg/（m3·d）与0.79 kg/（m3·d）,比同类生活污水处理的效果要好。     

新型填料在生物接触氧化工艺中的应用研究

以处理120L／d城镇生活污水的生物接触氧化小试装置为研究平台,介绍了新型内置悬浮球形填料一生物接触氧化工艺的特点及运行状况。试验结果表明：两种新型内置悬浮球形填料对反应器充氧效率、接种挂膜速率、污水处理效果对比均为纤维束状填料好于筒状填料;与连续曝气相比,采用间歇曝气的运行方式,在使出水NH3-N达标的基础上,提高了TN和TP的去除率,系统的同步硝化反硝化现象和反硝化除磷现象比较明显,具有较强的经济性和实用性。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液组合处理技术

正由沈阳光大环保科技有限公司开发的垃圾填埋场渗滤液组合处理技术,适用于生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理主体工艺为"预处理+反硝化+好氧生化(硝化)+膜法"处理。渗滤液废水收集排入调节池,经预处理后进入高效A池,由后续TMBR分离系统回流的活性污泥在缺氧条件下发生反硝化反应;反硝化池出水重力流入好氧硝化池内,利用活性污泥将碳源有机物降解,将污水中的氨氮氧化成亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐,使氨氮得到降解。     

氧化沟曝气与土壤植物系统处理油田污水

中原油田污水对环境污染严重,结合污水的特点,探索出氧化沟曝气与土壤植物系统结合的处理方案。过程由三级处理单元组成。一级单元除去大部分泥沙、悬浮物、漂浮物等固体物质;二级单元有机物借助好氧微生物和污水底部厌氧微生物作用而分解;三级单元利用土地以及其中的微生物和植物根系对污染物的分解、吸收能力来处理废水。上述过程的处理效率达80%以上。     

石化企业污水深度处理与回用研究

以典型石化企业大庆石化公司为例,讨论了污水深度处理回用工程的合理性、必要性及可行性,并以化肥、热电两厂排水和兴化生活污水为回用原水进行了污水深度处理和回用的中型试验。试验工艺选用生物接触氧化、絮凝沉淀、过滤、消毒杀菌工艺。通过试验,确定了混凝剂、助凝剂及杀菌剂的类型、浓度及过滤压力等参数。结果表明:深度处理工艺对源污水中COD、BOD、总磷、氨氮、悬浮物、浊度、OIL、总铁等均有很好的去除效果。用作循环冷却水补水时,经过静态阻垢和旋转挂片试验及动态模拟试验,腐蚀速度达到中石化好级水平,粘附速度和污垢热阻达到中石化允许级水平。     

厌氧＋移动接触氧化法处理油田污水的中试

Y油田采用"核桃壳过滤+传统活性污泥法"处理油田污水,处理后污水COD、BOD5浓度分别为110.23,38.65mg/L,不能达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准,需升级改进处理方法。在油田现场应用"物理过滤+厌氧水解酸化+接触氧化+活性炭吸附"的处理方法,开展了油田污水深度处理中试研究,对现场中试数据进行了分析,结果表明:应用该方法处理的油田污水COD、BOD5等指标能够达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级标准,其中COD、BOD5浓度分别为26.87~37.55mg/L,6.34~7.61mg/L。     

孤岛油区外排采油污水生化处理技术的研究

针对孤岛污水矿化度高,Cl-含量高,油含量和COD含量严重超标的现象,采取微生物接触氧化工艺进行外排采油污水治理的工艺研究。在处理过程中首先对菌种进行了严格的筛选和培养,然后在室内进行了模拟试验,最后在现场进行了中试。目前已根据中试结果,对孤岛污水原有的污水池进行了改造,设置了隔油池、气浮池、接触氧化池和沉淀池四个部分,经过一年的运行,成功地实现了污水的达标排放。     

Fenton试剂对亚甲基蓝氧化褪色的反应动力学实验研究

为了提高Fenton试剂处理有机污染物的效率,探索最佳处理条件,以亚甲基蓝溶液为模型污水,进行了Fenton试剂氧化亚甲基蓝褪色反应的影响因素实验。对不同条件下的时间过程进行了在线动力学跟踪、拟合和比较。研究发现:Fenton试剂高级氧化的反应动力学过程可分为三阶段。反应前期符合一级动力学,后期符合二级动力学,两者之间存在一个过渡性阶段。一级动力学期的反应速度快,氧化能力高,对于污染物的化学处理是比较合理的,实验还确认了反应前期的Fe(II)浓度对过程的支配作用。     

复合酶生物促进剂在底泥生物修复中的应用

通过测定河道底泥中微生物的生化呼吸线来表征复合酶生物促进剂对河道自净过程的影响。研究结果表明复合酶生物促进剂对微生物具有激活作用,使微生物的累积耗氧量明显增加,有效地提升了水体的自净能力。复合酶生物促进剂能够有效地修复受萘污染的底泥,修复后底泥中多环芳烃萘的释放量和有机质的含量均明显低于对照样,并可显著降低底泥对上覆水...     

重庆大气微生物污染状况调查与评价

本文在对重庆大气微生物污染含量调查的基础上，评价分析了重庆大气微生物的污染状况。调查结果表明：城区大气微生物污染高于区县；并分析了霉菌污染普遍性的原因。     

脉冲喷流复合厌氧污泥床技术及应用

介绍了脉冲喷流复合厌氧污泥床技术用于低浓度有机废水处理的实验室及中试效果,以及在农村生活污水处理项目中的应用,结果表明:以该技术为核心的生活污水生物处理系统,在HRT为6～10h,即有机物容积负荷为0.93～0.52kgCOD/m3.d时,COD去除率可稳定达到35%以上,氨氮和总磷去除率可达到17%～25%,具有优化处理系统、强化处理效果、降低后续好氧段能耗及占地面积的特点。     

Biogas production from olive pomace

Biogas production from a slurry obtained by mixing finely ground olive pomace in water was investigated using anaerobic digesters of 1-l working volume at 37°C. A start-up culture was obtained from a local landfill area and was adopted to the slurry within 10 days at this temperature. The biogas generation rates were determined by varying the total solids (TS) concentration in the slurry and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) during semi-continuous digestion. The maximum rate was found to be 0.70 l of biogas per l of digester volume per day, corresponding to a HRT of 20 days and 10% TS with a yield of 0.08 l biogas per g chemical oxygen demand (COD) added to the digester. The methane content of the biogas was in the range of 75–80% for both batch and semi-continuous runs, the remainder being principally carbon dioxide.     

高含氯采油废水生物治理技术研究

采用SBR活性污泥法,选用从海水、采油废水及长期受原油污染的土壤中筛选的耐盐有机物优势降解菌来处理高含氯采油废水。现场中试试验证明:在氯离子浓度小于10000 mg/L时,用该法可使处理后的高含氯采油废水达标排放。研究表明,解决高含氯采油废水生物治理的前提是驯化具有良好有机物降解性能的耐盐微生物。     

Microcosm wetlands for wastewater treatment with different hydraulic loading rates and macrophytes

Constructed wetlands (CW) usually require large land areas for treating wastewater. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying CW with less land requirement by operating a group of microcosm wetlands at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 4 d in southern Taiwan. An artificial wastewater, simulating municipal wastewater containing 200 mg L(-1) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 20 mg L(-1) of NH4+-N (AN), and 20 mg L(-1) of PO4(3-)-P (OP), was the inflow source. Three emergent plants [reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.; water primrose, Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven; and dayflower, Commelina communis L.] and two floating plants [water spinach, Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.; and water lettuce, Pistia stratiotes L.] plants were tested. The planted systems showed more nutrient removal than unplanted systems; however, the type of macrophytes in CW did not make a major difference in treatment. At the HRTs of 2 to 4 d, the planted system maintained greater than 72,80, and 46% removal for COD, AN, and OP, respectively. For AN and OP removal, the highest efficiencies occurred at the HRT of 3 d, whereas maximum removal rates for AN and OP occurred at the HRT of 2 d. Both removal rates and efficiencies were reduced drastically at the HRT of 1 d. Removals of COD, OP, and AN followed first-order reactions within the HRTs of 1 to 4 d. The efficient removals of these constituents obtained with HRT between 2 and 4 d indicated the possibility of using a CW system for wastewater treatment with less land requirement.     

油田稠油污水生物处理技术研究

针对稠油污水的特点,利用序批式生物反应器SBR对微生物进行了培养、驯化进而在稠油污水中生存、繁殖试验,并对其中的有机物进行了降解转化,生成稳定的CO2、H2O、NH3,利用该方法可以对稠油污水进行净化处理。试验结果表明,采用SBR工艺可使原水中CODCr从323 mg/L降至72 mg/L,去除率为77.7%;BOD从90 mg/L降至14.4 mg/L,去除率为84%;悬浮物从200 mg/L降至47 mg/L,去除率为76.5%。成功地解决了稠油污水的达标外排问题。     

Nitrate Removal in a Restored Spring‐Fed Wetland,Pennsylvania, USA1

ABSTRACT:  In 2001, the 1.04‐ha Hornbaker wetland in south‐central Pennsylvania was restored by blocking an artificial drainage ditch to increase water storage and hydraulic retention time (HRT). A primary goal was to diminish downstream delivery of nitrate that enters the wetland from a limestone spring, its main source of inflow. Wetland inflow and outflow were monitored weekly for two years to assess nitrate flux, water temperature, pH, and specific conductivity. In Year 2, spring discharge was measured weekly to allow calculation of nitrate loads and hydraulic retention time. Surface runoff was confirmed to be a small fraction of wetland inflows via rainfall‐runoff modeling with TR‐55. The full dataset (n = 102) was screened to remove 13 weeks in which spring discharge constituted < 85% of total inflows because of high precipitation and surface runoff. Over two years (n = 89), mean nitrate‐nitrogen concentrations were 7.89 mg/l in inflow and 3.68 mg/l in outflow, with a mean nitrate removal of 4.19 mg/l. During Year 2 (n = 47), for which nitrate load data were available, the wetland removed an average of 2.32 kg N/day, 65% of the load. Nitrate removal was significantly correlated with HRT, water temperature, and the concentration of nitrate in inflow and was significantly greater during the growing season (5.36 mg/l, 64%) than during the non‐growing season (3.23 mg/l, 43%). This study indicates that hydrologic restoration of formerly drained wetlands can provide substantial water quality benefits and that the hydrologic characteristics of spring‐fed wetlands, in particular, support effective nitrogen removal.     

Modeling of the denitrification/anaerobic digestion process of salmon fishery wastewater in a biofilm tubular reactor

The literature has paid scarce attention to the modeling of the denitrification-anaerobic digestion process in packed bed biofilm tubular reactors used to treat wastewater. The present study obtained a steady-state model for industrial salmon fishery wastewater treatment in a biofilm tubular reactor, including pH as a variable and the effect of biomass on hydrolysis. The axial profile of the reactor components and process efficiency were predicted with deviations below 6%. The optimal operating zone for the process was found at hydraulic retention time (HRT)>1.5d and inlet protein concentration (S(prot,0))<3000 mgTOCL(-1). Based on our results, we concluded that the removal of organic matter and nitrogen compounds depended mainly on HRT. The effluent pH was mainly affected by the C/N ratio, where a decrease increases pH. Organic matter removal was related with the anaerobic digestion process, while denitrification influenced mostly nitrate and nitrite removal.     

Some properties of a sequencing batch reactor for treatment of wastewater containing thiocyanate compounds

Thiocyanate (SCN) compounds in photo-processing wastewater (PPWW) could be treated by an SBR system without any release of thiocyanate to the atmosphere during the aeration step. An SCN loading greater than 84 g m(-3)d(-1) showed negative effects on the growth of bio-sludge and removal efficiencies of the system. The acclimatization period of the system was increased with an increase in SCN concentration or loading. The COD, BOD(5), TKN, and SCN removal efficiencies were 96.0 +/- 1.6%, 72 +/- 2%, 49 +/- 5%, and 82 +/- 3%, respectively, under an SCN loading of up to 84 g m(-3)d(-1). The removal efficiency of the system was repressed by SCN due to the repressed growth rate of nitrification bacteria. However, the removal efficiency could be increased with an increase in HRT or a decrease in SCN loading. Also, increases in HRT or decreases in SCN loading led to increased sludge age or solid retention time (SRT) and decreased the sludge volume index (SVI) value. The SRT and SVI of the system with synthetic wastewater containing 840 mg l(-1) SCN under an HRT of 3 days (SCN loading of 280 g m(-3)d(-1)) were 3.9 +/- 0.7 days and 65 +/- 4 ml g(-1), respectively, while they were 11.2+/-0.8 days and 55 +/- 6 ml g(-1), respectively under an HRT of 10 days (SCN loading of 84 g m(-3)d(-1)).