高度城市化区域土地利用结构演化与驱动因素分析——以苏州市为例

分析高度城市化区域土地利用结构演化以及驱动因素,可为优化区域未来的土地利用结构、促进土地资源的保护和高效利用提供科学依据。采用1998～2008年苏州市土地利用变更调查数据,运用土地利用数量变化、程度变化和空间变化等指标测算模型分析土地利用演化规律。结果表明：1998～2008年,苏州市耕地面积显著减少,农业结构调整明显;居民点及独立工矿用地面积急剧增加,与耕地减少呈显著负相关;土地利用程度综合指数逐年提升;苏州全域耕地、园地、城市用地相对变化率最大的均为昆山市,建制镇和独立工矿用地相对变化率最大的分别是张家港市和吴江市;利用主成分分析法对影响土地利用结构演化的人文因素进行了分析,得出驱动因素主要为：人口增长、经济发展、工业化和城镇化水平。走集约型城市化道路,实现“效率型”土地利用模式,注重社会、经济、生态效益相结合是今后土地利用努力的方向     

城市化与城市人居环境关系的定量研究--以大连市为例

本文以大连市为例．通过一系列的实证资料。建立数学模型．对城市化进程与城市人居环境的相互关系进行了研究，发现大连城市化水平与城市人居环境之间有很大的一致性．城市化水平越商，城市人居环境越好，反之，城市化水平越低，人居环境越差；并提出了大连城市发展的思路。     

中国西部城市化基本特征分析——以新疆为例

本文以新疆为例,探讨了新疆城市化的基本特征和规律,总结经验教训,以朝正确认识西部地区城市化的基本特征,从而为西部大开发中城市化发展战略的制定提供有价值的借鉴和参考。     

产业发展对城市蔓延影响的差异性分析——以长江经济带104个城市为例

经济由高速增长向高质量转变的背景下,土地城市化快于人口城市化而带来的城市蔓延不利于城市的高质量可持续发展。基于2001~2015年长江经济带面板数据考察了产业发展对城市蔓延的差异性影响,研究发现：（1）总体上,在产业结构方面,随着第二产业就业比重的增加,城市蔓延度提高。而随着第三产业就业比重增加时,城市蔓延减缓,这其中起主要作用的是生活性服务业。（2）从城市规模角度来看,第二产业对城市蔓延的影响,在中小城市起显著的作用,而在大城市不显著。第三产业在大城市起显著的抑制性作用,而在中小城市不显著,这主要与不同城市规模下集聚经济效益的发挥有关。（3）从蔓延类型角度来看,推动城市蔓延向集约型方向发展的主要是第三产业中的生活性服务业,而第二产业以及生产性服务业推动城市蔓延向过度蔓延方向发展。长江经济带应合理布局第二产业,大力发展第三产业,提高产业的集聚效应,同时避免不合理开发和盲目招商引资而造成的城市蔓延。     

东北地区低城市化城市劳动就业的优化研究

东北地区就业问题的出路主要在城市(产业),而东北地区的城市同样面临着各种问题。本文深入分析了东北地区城市化发展水平较低的城市的劳动就业特点及其形成机制,目前东北地区低城市化城市就业存在的主要问题表现在以下几个方面:①城镇劳动力供需矛盾突出,失业率较高;②农业劳动力转移压力大;③国民经济劳动就业效应小;④劳动力整体素质偏低。在上述分析基础上,作者进一步就如何提升东北地区低城市化城市的就业能力给出了相应的区域调控政策与措施:①以经济发展为主线,优先发展劳动密集型产业;②加快农业产业化步伐,扩大农业内部就业;③有重点地建设县(区)城区和中心镇,推进城市化进程;④努力提升劳动者的就业能力。     

建立以十大都市圈为中心的西部发展新格局

我国西部地区的城市区域是西部大开发的重点区域。围绕城市进行西部大开发是开发理论与开发实践为我们提供的正确的开发思路。我们应当研究西部地区城市与城镇化的发展问题 ,总结规律 ,提出切实可行的发展思路 ,制定符合西部地区实际的发展规划。1　西部地区城市类型1.1综合性中心城市综合性中心城市的形成 ,一般都位于自然条件优越 ,交通便利 ,工业发达 ,人口众多的区域。具有行政中心、经济中心、科技和教育中心的职能。西部地区与国内其他地区所不同的是 ,由于西部地区面积广大 ,中心城市数量相对较少 ,所以中心城市的幅射面都比较大。越…     

基于产业发展和城市化视角的中西部区域碳减排研究——空间计量经济模型实证

在2060年实现碳中和目标背景下,中西部地区生态和经济可持续发展的双重压力亟需缓解。为此,基于产业发展和城市化的视角,运用中西部地区2000～2018年的省级面板数据,构建空间滞后模型,模拟产业发展,城市化与碳排放之间的空间作用关系。结果表明：(1)我国中西部区域碳排放持续增长,空间差异性和溢出效应显著,呈现出“高-高”(H-H)和“低-低”(L-L)空间分布特征;(2)中西部区域产业发展和城市化对碳排放具有重要的作用关系,但产业结构高级化具有明显趋同性,经济和人口城市化均质性明显;(3)产业资源配置(TL)优化和产业结构高级化(TS)皆有利于碳减排,且空间效应显著,当前优化TL比TS升级对碳减排更具有效;(4)经济城市化(UI)抑制碳减排,人口城市化(UP)有利于碳减排。研究结果和发现表明,中西部地区优化产业发展时,现阶段应加大力度优化产业资源配置水平;同时,政府应逐步推进能源结构转型,引导城市居民能源消耗,倡导绿色消费,进而促进碳减排。     

区域耕地数量变化与工业化、城市化进程相互关系探讨——以江苏省为例

通过对江苏省1996～2004年耕地数量的总体变化与空间差异分析,揭示了全省耕地在总体上处于递减状态、在空间上苏北地区向苏南地区耕地递减程度逐渐增加的规律。从处于不同工业化与城市化阶段的城市及其各自耕地变化状况的对比分析,得出如下结论：耕地变化程度在处于不同工业化、城市化发展阶段的县市具有明显的差异,且与工业化、城市化的进程与状态具有一定的内在关系;对产业非农化、城市化率与耕地变化的进一步分析表明：产业非农化、城市化递变系数与耕地递变速率具有一致性,耕地减少对工业化发展的贡献较大,但其持续减少状况与当前所处工业化阶段不太相符,而城市化率变化与耕地变化状况存在时间差异,说明城市化对耕地变化的影响有一定的滞后性。     

城市区域土地利用变化及驱动机制研究 --以长江三角洲地区为例

以正处于一个新的成长期的城市群——长江三角洲地区为例,分析其工业化、城市化进程中的城市区域土地利用变化态势及内在驱动机理。通过对长江三角洲地区城市区域各地类面积比例的动态分析,发现研究区土地利用变化的主要方面是建设用地比例的增加以及耕地和水域面积比例的减少。在此基础上建立驱动因素体系,利用相关分析和主因子分析方法,并构建城市区域土地利用变化驱动力模型,得出长江三角洲城市区域土地利用变化的主要驱动因素是人口的增长和非农化、经济总量的增加以及劳动力的非农化。但是不同的时期,主要驱动力随着社会经济发展的特点和土地利用的特点不断变化：人口的非农化(城市化率)的作用不断增强;经济总量增长的作用明显的减弱;第三产业的发展对建设用地比例增加的驱动作用越来越强。     

城市化进程中的土地利用问题研究--以江苏省为例

改革开放以来,随着经济的发展,我国城市化进程不断加快,环境污染、交通拥挤、人地矛盾冲突加剧等问题随之产生。江苏省作为我国东部沿海经济最发达的省份之一,城市化提升速度高于全国平均水平,从1978年的13.7％上升到2002年的44.7％,产生的城市问题具有典型代表性。在对江苏省1978年以来城市化发展和城市建成区面积变化特征分析的基础上,进一步探寻城市用地中存在的问题及其成因。结果表明：随着城市化水平的提高,建成区面积不断扩展,2000年是1991年的1.5倍,人均建成区面积也不断上升,小城市上升幅度最大,为40 m2,特大城市最小,为17 m2,人均建成区面积从小城市到特大城市呈倒三角形分布,经济发展和用地配置机制及20世纪90年代以来兴起的开发区、城市新区建设是城市用地扩展的主要驱动因素。在城市用地中存在用地效率不高、土地供求矛盾尖锐等问题,应当加强土地管理,挖掘土地利用潜力,提高土地利用效率。     

Study on Residential Water Use in North China:Analysis of Nationwide Statistical Data and Case Study of Taiyuan City

Residential water use is gradually becoming the focus in China‘s municipal water supply planning and management in recent years. Little is known, however, about the residential water use in modem China due to the transition of economy and enhancement of management on water conservation. In order to better understand the characteristics of residential water use in North China, a model for identifying the determinants of residential water use was established and analyzed by using panel data and cross-section data methodologies. Then Taiyuan city, the capital city of Shanxi Province in Northern China was selected as a case study. Both the analyses and field investigation indicate that the relatively slow increase of residential water use in recent years may result from the implementation of strict laws and regulations on water conservation. And through the investigation,first-hand information about water consumption pattern, water reuse/conservation, people‘s attitude toward water quantity and quality, etc. have been obtained.     

Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on Regional Differences of Chinese City Size Distribution

Abstract

City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics.     

Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on Regional Differences of Chinese City Size Distribution

City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics.     

Development of the Greening of Industrial Firms in the Cities along Taihu Lake： A Case Study in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province

Under the globalization, the coastal China becomes a hot area of the international manufacturing investment due to its priority location, excellent environment, lower labor and land costs, etc. However, the fast industrialization has aroused the great demolishment to the local ecological environment. For example, the heavy water eutrophication in Taihu Lake has affected the source of drinking water for the cities around the lake. Anyway, in order to keep the economic increase and reduce the resource ex- pense and pollution at the same time, it is necessary to encourage the greening of industrial enterprises actively for sustainable de- velopment. On the basis of the investigation of industrial enter- prises in Wuxi city within Taihu Basin, the relatively developed region in coastal China, this paper analyzed the development process of green industry. This article concluded that governmen- tal principal is the main pressure for enterprises to protect envi- ronment while the market factor plays a part role. Moreover, en- terprises in the high technology development zone work better in environmental protection than those in the villages and towns, while the large enterprises work better than those small enterprises.     

东北地区开发规模扩张的资源环境响应演变及影响因素

提出"区域开发规模扩张的资源环境响应"的概念,并构建了区域开发规模扩张的资源环境响应指数、响应度模型及评价指标体系,通过定量分析1995-2008年东北地区开发规模扩张的资源环境响应变化及影响因素,得出以下结论:1995年以来东北地区开发规模不断扩大,而资源环境水平总体呈现出"先升后降"的波动变化态势。资源环境对东北地区开发规模扩张具有由"正响应"向"负响应"转变的特征,与此相对应,区域开发规模扩张对资源环境的影响程度也呈现出由"弱促进"向"强胁迫"变化的态势,这说明近年来在东北地区开发规模加速扩展的同时,其对区域资源环境造成的压力也日益增大。1995-2008年由经济快速增长导致的资源环境压力增长是引致东北地区开发规模扩张对资源环境影响由"正向促进"向"负向胁迫"转化的重要内部因素,而区域投资的不断增长以及工业的快速发展是东北地区开发规模扩张对资源环境影响由"弱促进"向"强胁迫"变化的主要因素。     

发达地区人口、土地与经济城镇化协调发展度研究

江苏省作为中国东部沿海经济发达地区省份的典型代表,正处于城镇化加速发展的关键时期。新时期的城镇化是一个融合人口、土地与经济的复杂系统,不能从单方面衡量城镇化发展水平。在归纳总结城镇化内涵的基础上,选择人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化为切入点,从三个方面衡量江苏省的城镇化水平的变化过程,研究不同时空城市在人口、土地和产业三方面协调发展的状态。结果显示,1998-2009年12年间江苏省人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化的发展都呈现上升趋势,但在不同阶段处于主导地位的城镇化驱动力量不同,协调发展度也处于上升状态,从衰退发展阶段(1998-2003)逐渐发展到过渡阶段(2004-2005),最后到达协调发展阶段(2006-2009);在空间分布上,以2009年为例,综合评价结果显示,江苏省的城镇化水平和协调发展度总体水平较高,但是也存在区域分异明显的特点。     

中国区域经济与资源丰度相关性研究

以省域面板数据为基础．选取水、耕地、森林、能源、矿产等五种资源．验证了1978—2004年中国不同种类资源丰度与区域经济发展之问的相关关系。研究表明：①资源诅咒原理在中国内部区域之间仍然成立，除水资源外．耕地、能源、矿产和森林等四种资源的丰度与区域经济发展水平都呈现负相关关系．其程度由裔到低依次是：耕地资源、矿产资源、能源资源、森林资源；②遭遇“资源诅咒”的省处于“资源丰度一经济发展”坐标系第Ⅳ象限。并绝大多数都位于西部地区和东北地区；③各省人均GDP与综合资源丰度的对数成反比．我国资源丰裕度与经济发展水平成相反的变化趋势；④自然资源对于经济增长的影响作用往往是通过多种机制共同作用的结果．中国资源诅咒的传导机制主要包括“荷兰病”效应、制度效应、“挤出”效应以及区位和交通因素等方面。     

开发区土地集约利用的区域效应分析——以吉林省中部开发区为例

从集约评价的角度研究开发区土地集约利用对区域经济社会发展的效应,不仅可以掌握开发区与区域经济社会发展的协调性以及开发区土地利用情况,还可以为政府相关部门、土地管理及规划等部门提供有力的决策工具,对推进吉林省开发区土地利用方式转变,提高开发区土地利用效率,促进区域经济结构调整,加快区域经济发展和城市化进程都具有重大的现实意义。本文以吉林省中部为研究对象,选取12个开发区,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对开发区土地集约利用的区域效应进行分析,得出结论:(1)长春市开发区土地集约利用的区域效应已达到最优状态,对区域经济发展带动有效性较好,而吉林市和四平市均处于规模效益递减状态;(2)有国家级开发区的市,其开发区土地集约利用状况的区域效应更好;(3)吉林省中部地区开发区总体发展不均衡:省级开发区与国家级开发区差距大,省级开发区中也呈现发展不平衡的现象。     

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eeo-efficiency“ in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption,environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique,principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao‘s Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.     

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency: A Case Study of Chengyang District

Abstract

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eco-efficiency” in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption, environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index in- creased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.