Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA溶液脱除NO实验研究

在脱硝喷淋系统上研究了各实验条件对Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合脱除NO的影响,结果表明:吸收液的酸碱度影响Fe~(2+)/EDTA络合形式,当溶液处于弱酸、弱碱条件下有效脱硝络合形式Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度最高;当配制Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合剂时,Fe~(2+)/EDTA摩尔比为3 2时脱硝效率最大,过多的Fe~(2+)或EDTA不利于脱硝;当温度由30℃上升至80℃时脱硝效率下降了36%;在0.05mol/L的Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA的吸收液中加入0.1mol/L的氨水,可实现40%的脱硝率和90%的脱硫率。     

乙二胺四乙酸合钴吸收一氧化氮的研究

采用乙二胺四乙酸合钴对NO气体进行络合吸收实验,以实现湿法脱硝。试验初步研究Co2+EDTA络合吸收NO的反应条件,主要影响因素包括氧含量、p H值、反应温度和吸收剂浓度。研究结果表明,有氧存在时,Co2+EDTA具有一定的脱除NO能力。在50℃时,鼓泡反应装置中当氧质量分数为10%,溶液p H=9.0时,以0.01 mol/L的Co2+EDTA作为吸收液与NO进行反应,脱硝率可达到74%以上,并可维持一定时间的脱硝作用。     

氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝的研究

在氨法脱硫的基础上提出了氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝的新工艺,重点研究了Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度、反应温度、进气流量、初始pH值等参数对脱硫脱硝效率的影响。研究结果表明,氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝工艺可行,在温度40℃,初始pH值为8,进气量50 L/h,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度为0.075 mol/L的条件下可以保持99%以上的脱硫率和70%以上的脱硝率。     

烧结烟气中氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝络合剂再生的实验研究

对氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝废液中络合剂再生进行了实验研究。结果表明,在50℃、p H值为5.65、Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA浓度为0.04 mol/L、再生剂/Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA为2∶1的条件下,经铁粉再生后吸收液最高脱硫脱硝效率分别达到99%和75%;焦粉再生最高脱硫脱硝效率达到97%和46%;而乙二醛再生最高脱硫脱硝效率仅为80%和20%。同时铁粉再生中试结果也还表明脱硫效果可以稳定在100%,脱硝效果可维持在60%。     

Fe再生氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝废液研究

采用氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱除烧结烟气中SO_2和NO_x,并通过铁屑再生废液中Fe~(Ⅱ)维持脱硝效率。实验结果显示,氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法脱硫效率可达100%,脱硝效率可达68.3%。但是,随着实验时间的延长,脱硝效率逐步下降。通过铁屑再生Fe~(Ⅱ)-除铁后,脱硝效率从48.8%增加至57.1%。     

旋转填充床强化吸收模拟烟气中NO的研究

旋转填充床(RPB)是一种新兴、高效的气液传质设备。以H_2O_2、NaOH及H_2O_2+NaOH复合溶液作为吸收液,采用旋转填充床对含NO模拟烟气的吸收过程进行试验,考察了PRB的转速、气液比对超重力旋转填充床强化传质性能的影响,不同种类的吸收液及浓度、吸收反应时间对脱除低浓度NO效率的影响,以及吸收产物的种类及分布。结果表明,当超重力旋转填充床的转速为900 r/min、气液比为5∶1时,以0.8 mol/L H_2O_2为吸收液的NO脱除率为38%;以0.01 mol/L NaOH为吸收液的NO脱除率为34%;以0.03 mol/L NaOH和0.4 mol/L H_2O_2为复合吸收液时,NO脱除率达95%,NO被吸收后的产物为硝酸根和亚硝酸根离子,成分简单,经简单处理可制成工业原料,直接回收利用。     

Fe对改性ACF负载锰铈复合氧化物低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响

活性炭纤维(ACF)先经过硝酸处理形成ACFN,以锰氧化物为活性成分,Ce O2/ACFN为载体,采用浸渍法制备一系列不同物质的量比的Mn-Ce/ACFN催化剂。研究不同含量Fe的加入对Mn-Ce/ACFN的低温还原NO活性的影响。同时对比研究了Ce/ACFN、Mn-Ce/ACFN、Fe-Mn-Ce/ACFN净化NO的能力。利用热重分析(TG)实验、扫描电镜(SEM)和催化剂活性实验探讨了金属离子的分布、煅烧温度和不同载体对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,Fe的引入使得Mn-Ce/ACFN的NH3-SCR活性显著提高,催化剂在140~280℃之间表现出良好的脱除NO的效果,最高的NO脱除效率达到91.3%。     

零价铁法处理含EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)废水

为了探索含络合铜电镀废水的处理新方法,以废铁屑为材料,研究其去除EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效性和作用机制。对铁屑进行XRD表征的结果表明,铁屑中含有零价铁和少量碳,实验发现,铁屑对Cu(Ⅱ)和EDTA能同步去除,90 min的去除率分别达到93.51%,52.55%,且降低了体系的生物毒性,提高了生物降解性。对反应机制进行探讨,结果表明铁屑以直接还原、沉淀吸附和微电解作用实现对EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效去除。     

磁性纳米吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对阴离子染料的吸附研究

为了研究用于印染废水处理的新型高效材料,以3-胺丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂制备了氨基修饰表面的磁性纳米粒子吸附剂(记为Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2).研究了吸附时间、pH值、染料初始质量浓度和吸附剂用量等因素对其吸附酸性橙Ⅱ(AO Ⅱ)和活性艳红X-3B(X-3B)的吸附效率的影响,测定和分析了吸附过程的热力学和动力学.结果表明,Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对AO Ⅱ和X-3B的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线和准二级动力学模型.Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对AO Ⅱ和X-3B的吸附是单分子层吸附为主的化学过程,其吸附容量分别为132 mg/g和233 mg/g.初步研究了通过外加磁场和调节pH值来实现吸附剂和染料的再生和循环使用.     

异相Fenton试剂-光协同催化降解五氯酚钠的研究

在Fenton试剂-光催化氧化降解五氯酚钠过程中,由于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)水解,导致光效率降低,五氯苯酚分析困难,并在废水处理过程中引入了新的污染.为了解决这些问题,将Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)分别固载到LS-5000螯合树脂上,与H2O2一起构成异相Fenton试剂,进行五氯酚钠的Fenton试剂-光协同催化氧化降解研究.单因素试验表明,光照时间、H2O2质量浓度、载Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)螯合树脂用量、PCP-Na初始浓度对五氯酚钠降解率均有影响.正交试验获得降解五氯酚钠的最佳工艺条件为: 0.2 g载铁(Ⅱ)螯合树脂、24 μg/mL H2O2、16 μg/mL五氯酚钠以及150 min紫外光光照.影响降解的因素按强度由大到小的次序为光照时间、载铁(Ⅱ)螯合树脂质量、五氯酚钠初始质量浓度和H2O2质量浓度.Na+、K+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO2-4等50倍于五氯酚钠质量浓度时,五氯酚钠降解率变化值小于等于±5%.     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。