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基于结构功能指标体系评价法,利用层次分析法构建锦州湾海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并选择2005—2009年8月生态调查数据对其进行初步的定量评价。结果表明,可以通过海洋化学指标、生态学指标和社会经济学指标三大类33个指标来建立锦州湾生态系统健康评价指标体系;2005—2009年8月锦州湾生态系统的整合健康指数依次分别为1.01、1.90、2.00、1.45和1.10,均低于系统健康指数值2,锦州湾海域生态系统连续5年一直处于亚健康状态,且从目前海域的污染现状来看,这一海域的水质、沉积物和生物体污染均比较严重,要修复其生态功能需要投入巨大的物质和能量。 相似文献
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以盐城海滨湿地这一脆弱生态系统为对象进行了生态风险评价方法的探讨,针对其生态环境的特点,通过对盐城海滨湿地的环境问题的描述,分析了它的风险源、风险受体和评价终点,建立了盐城海滨湿地生态风险评价的评价指标体系,对其生态风险评价方法进行了探索。 相似文献
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2021年,生态环境部发布了《区域生态质量评价办法(试行)》,明确规定了生态质量评价的指标体系、数据要求和评价方法,适用于县级及以上区域。将江苏省宜兴市作为研究区,综合应用地理信息、卫星遥感与生物多样性数据,依据《区域生态质量评价办法(试行)》,从生态格局、生态功能、生物多样性和生态胁迫等方面开展评价研究。结果表明,该方法具有较强的可行性与适用性,能够更为全面、科学、准确地反映生态质量;2021年,宜兴市生态质量指数(EQI)为62.7,生态质量类别为“二类”。该研究结果可为地方生态环境监测部门开展生态质量评价工作提供参考。 相似文献
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城市生态环境安全评价研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
城市作为一种典型的复合生态系统。其生态环境具有相当的脆弱性,因此如何改善生态质量和维护生态安全已成为城市发展要解决的主要问题之一。本文从生态环境状况和生态安全2个方面对张家港市生态环境安全进行评价和研究,计算了生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、污染负荷指数等5个指标,计权确定该市生态环境质量指数为48.7,评价等级为一般;同时选择了资源安全评价、环境安全评价、生物安全评价和灾害安全评价等4个要素,确定该市生态系统安全指数为0.44。 相似文献
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应用生物完整性理论和方法,研究基于浮游植物生物完整性指数(Phytoplanktonic Index of Biotic Integrity,P-IBI)在海湾生态评价中的方法构建,通过生境区域划分、评价因子选择、阈值确定等构建适合海湾的P-IBI生态健康评价指标体系,并以北部湾为例开展应用与验证。基于P-IBI的北部湾生态健康评价结果显示:3个水期中枯水期相对较好,丰水期次之,平水期最差,钦州市茅尾海海域内4个采样点在3个水期评价结果大部分为"差"和"较差",其余大部分采样点都在"一般"及以上。Spearman相关性分析显示,P-IBI均与水质类别正相关。研究结果表明P-IBI指数在北部湾生态健康评价应用与验证结果基本符合实际,应用P-IBI能够较好地开展海湾的生态健康评价,可因地制宜应用于近岸海域生态评价。 相似文献
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漯河市城市生态环境质量定量评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
从自然生态环境质量、社会生态环境质量和经济生态环境质量3个方面构建了漯河市城市生态环境质量评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重值,借助综合评价模型计算了评价指标体系的综合指标值.并对城市生态环境质量现状进行了评价.结果显示,漯河市综合生态环境质量中等,其中,自然生态环境质量较好,社会生态环境质量中等,经济生态环境质量差.评价结果与定性评价结果相符,表明评价指标体系具有较强的科学性和实用性.依据评价结果,提出改善城市生态环境的对策和建议. 相似文献
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河流水生态环境质量评价方法研究与应用进展 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
河流生态质量的监测和评价是从河流生态系统健康状况的角度对河流质量进行的评价。河流生态健康的评价已经向多要素多指标综合、多种评价方法(预测模型法、生物完整性指数、多要素综合评价)、流域尺度方向发展。该文重点介绍了国外评价体系产生的背景和研究基础,分析了广泛应用的几类评价方法的特点、在不同国家和流域的应用情况以及各方法的应用前景,分析了国内开展河流生态质量评价研究的发展过程、阶段性研究进展和应用案例,并根据目前研究基础评述了我国评价体系现存问题及应用前景,为河流生态质量评价体系的建立及发展方向提供建议和参考。 相似文献
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Potential effects of large linear pipeline construction on soil and vegetation in ecologically fragile regions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jun Xiao Ya-Feng Wang Peng Shi Lei Yang Li-Ding Chen 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):8037-8048
Long-distance pipeline construction results in marked human disturbance of the regional ecosystem and brings into question the safety of pipeline construction with respect to the environment. Thus, the direct environmental impact and proper handling of such large projects have received much attention. The potential environmental effects, however, have not been fully addressed, particularly for large linear pipeline projects, and the threshold of such effects is unclear. In this study, two typical eco-fragile areas in western China, where large linear construction projects have been conducted, were chosen as the case study areas. Soil quality indices (SQI) and vegetation indices (VI), representing the most important potential effects, were used to analyze the scope of the effect of large pipeline construction on the surrounding environment. These two indices in different buffer zones along the pipeline were compared against the background values. The analysis resulted in three main findings. First, pipeline construction continues to influence the nearby eco-environment even after a 4-year recovery period. During this period, the effect on vegetation due to pipeline construction reaches 300 m beyond the working area, and is much larger in distance than the effect on soil, which is mainly confined to within 30 m either side of the pipeline, indicating that vegetation is more sensitive than soil to this type of human disturbance. However, the effect may not reach beyond 500 m from the pipeline. Second, the scope of the effect in terms of distance on vegetation may also be determined by the frequency of disturbance and the intensity of the pipeline construction. The greater the number of pipelines in an area, the higher the construction intensity and the more frequent the disturbance. Frequent disturbance may expand the effect on vegetation on both sides of the pipeline, but not on soil quality. Third, the construction may eliminate the stable, resident plant community. During the recovery period, the plant community in the work area of the pipeline is replaced by some species that are rare or uncommon in the resident plant community because of human disturbance, thereby increasing the plant diversity in the work area. In terms of plant succession, the duration of the recovery period has a direct effect on the composition and structure of the plant community. The findings provide a theoretical basis and scientific foundation for improving the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of oil and gas pipeline construction as it pertains to the desert steppe ecosystem, and provide a reference point for recovery and management of the eco-environment during the pipeline construction period. 相似文献
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Quantification of the Impact of Land-Use Changes on Ecosystem Services: A Case Study in Pingbian County, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Li RQ Dong M Cui JY Zhang LL Cui QG He WM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):503-510
Pingbian Miao Autonomous County is one of the poorest rural areas in China. Land-use changes, mainly driven by agricultural
expansion and deforestation, may significantly impact ecosystem services and functions, but such effects are difficult to
quantify. In the present study, Landsat image data were combined with the published coefficients about the world and China
ecosystem to quantify land-use and ecosystem service changes in the mountainous area. A sensitivity analysis was employed
to determine the effect of manipulating these coefficients on the estimated values. Our results show that during the past
decades (from 1973 to 2004) forests and grasslands were converted into shrubland and cropland, respectively, resulting in
a continuous decrease in ecosystem service (from 124.5 US$ × 106 in 1973 to 100.4 US$ × 106 in 2004). We found that the decrease of mixed forest in the study area was the largest contributor (i.e., 25.4 US$ × 106) to the decline of the ecosystem service. Therefore we propose that future land-use policy should pay more attention to the
crucial ecosystem functions of these forests (including tropical forest), and that it is necessary to balance the relationship
between the livelihood of local farmers and environmental protection in order to maintain a healthy and stable ecosystem. 相似文献
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Quantifying the effect of trend,fluctuation, and extreme event of climate change on ecosystem productivity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yupeng Liu Deyong Yu Yun Su Ruifang Hao 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8473-8486
Climate change comprises three fractions of trend, fluctuation, and extreme event. Assessing the effect of climate change on terrestrial ecosystem requires an understanding of the action mechanism of these fractions, respectively. This study examined 11 years of remotely sensed-derived net primary productivity (NPP) to identify the impacts of the trend and fluctuation of climate change as well as extremely low temperatures caused by a freezing disaster on ecosystem productivity in Hunan province, China. The partial least squares regression model was used to evaluate the contributions of temperature, precipitation, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to NPP variation. A climatic signal decomposition and contribution assessment model was proposed to decompose climate factors into trend and fluctuation components. Then, we quantitatively evaluated the contributions of each component of climatic factors to NPP variation. The results indicated that the total contribution of the temperature, precipitation, and PAR to NPP variation from 2001 to 2011 in Hunan province is 85 %, and individual contributions of the temperature, precipitation, and PAR to NPP variation are 44 % (including 34 % trend contribution and 10 % fluctuation contribution), 5 % (including 4 % trend contribution and 1 % fluctuation contribution), and 36 % (including 30 % trend contribution and 6 % fluctuation contribution), respectively. The contributions of temperature fluctuation-driven NPP were higher in the north and lower in the south, and the contributions of precipitation trend-driven NPP and PAR fluctuation-driven NPP are higher in the west and lower in the east. As an instance of occasionally triggered disturbance in 2008, extremely low temperatures and a freezing disaster produced an abrupt decrease of NPP in forest and grass ecosystems. These results prove that the climatic trend change brought about great impacts on ecosystem productivity and that climatic fluctuations and extreme events can also alter the ecosystem succession process, even resulting in an alternative trajectory. All of these findings could improve our understanding of the impacts of climate change on the provision of ecosystem functions and services and can also provide a basis for policy makers to apply adaptive measures to overcome the unfavorable influence of climate change. 相似文献
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生物多样性是环境监测环境保护的重要内容之一,在众多的生物多样性指数中,包含分类学信息的指数具有明显的特点和优势。近20年来,在海洋、淡水、陆地等生境中开展了许多分类学多样性指数相关的应用研究。一些分类学多样性指数能够在一定程度上灵敏地反映出环境退化和污染,在环境监测能力和历史资料对比等方面优于传统多样性指数。在使用分类学差异性指数区分人类干扰和自然变化时结论不一,分类学多样性指数的应用受到一些因素的影响,例如生物类群选择、生境、水深、纬度等是产生分歧的因素。扩大研究范围,明确应用范围可有效发挥分类学差异性指数在环境保护和评价中的作用。 相似文献