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微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用及联合毒性作用研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着塑料产品的广泛应用,微塑料(microplastics,MPs)污染已经成为全球关注的重大环境问题.海洋中的MPs能够与有毒污染物(如有机污染物、重金属和纳米颗粒等)发生相互作用,对海洋生物产生复合效应.因此,MPs与环境中有毒污染物的联合毒性效应越来越引起人们的关注.本文首先概括总结出MPs对海洋生物的毒性效应及致毒机制,包括遮蔽效应、氧化应激、免疫毒性、生殖毒性、遗传毒性、神经毒性和行为毒性等方面:随后分别讨论了MPs和有机污染物、重金属以及人工纳米颗粒的联合毒性效应,从微塑料对污染物的吸附、富集和载体效应着手分析微塑料与污染物之间的相互作用,凝练得出MPs增强或抑制污染物毒性的作用机制,包括微塑料改变污染物的生物可利用性、微塑料改变生物体对污染物的胁迫响应、微塑料与污染物发生交互作用等;最后对微塑料与有毒污染物联合毒作用研究的发展方向进行了展望,建议在未来研究中重点关注环境特征的次生微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用的环境行为和生物效应,特别是通过食物链的传递作用.以期为准确评估和深入理解微塑料的海洋环境和人类健康风险提供理论依据. 相似文献
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水环境是环境雌激素最大的储存库,环境雌激素可通过水体传递,对水生动物产生严重危害.雌激素的生理功能通过雌激素受体(ER)介导.ER是一种配体依赖性转录因子,通过雌激素应答元件调节靶基因的转录.大量研究证实,在环境雌激素类化合物污染的评价中,ER可作为检测环境雌激素效应的生物标记物之一.但不同亚型的ER具有组织特异性且对配体的结合存在差异,因此在环境雌激素效应的检测中,应注意化学污染物的类型以及受检动物的物种及组织的特异性.检测ER的方法包括ER蛋白直接定量检测和ERmRNA定量分析,检测技术的选择要依据实验设计而定.论文对环境雌激素效应检测中ER的研究进展进行了综述,为环境雌激素污染检测工作提供了理论依据和基本方法. 相似文献
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测定环境污染物对青海弧菌发光强度抑制的微板发光法研究 总被引:30,自引:9,他引:21
以新型淡水发光菌——青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio-qinghaiensissp.—Q67)为检测生物,以VeritasTM微孔板光度计为发光强度测试设备,建立了测定环境污染物对发光菌发光强度抑制毒性的微板发光测试新方法.系统地研究了pH值、菌密度、反应时间等实验条件对发光强度的影响.应用该方法成功地测定了7种取代酚环境污染物对Q67的发光抑制毒性效应.提出应用非线性迭代最小二乘拟合法模拟环境污染物对Q67毒性的剂量-效应曲线(DRC),拟合效应与实验结果之间的相关系数均大于0.99.通过拟合的DRC参数,准确地计算了污染物的半数效应浓度EC50.对比有关文献方法,微板发光法具有更简便快捷,节省试剂药品,便于多次平行测定从而提高准确度等优点. 相似文献
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生物炭是一种富含碳的材料,可以由各种有机废物原料制备,例如木材废料、农业废物和城市污水污泥.生物炭因其碳含量高、阳离子交换容量高、比表面积大、结构稳定等特性而受到越来越多的关注.本文系统地分析和总结了生物炭的原料来源与性质及在污染土壤修复方面的应用.基于生物炭的理化性质差异,重点阐明了生物炭尺寸效应对土壤污染物的作用机理,并对其修复土壤污染物和改善土壤质量进行了深入讨论.此外,在将生物炭实际应用于环境修复时,应更加关注生物炭老化后性能的改变.综上所述,生物炭在环境修复中具有广阔的应用前景,尺寸效应差异调控土壤污染物的作用机理需要更深一步的研究. 相似文献
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生物光谱技术能够有效反映生物、组织以及细胞等样本中生物化学的综合信息,能够精确检测和评价生物分子成分或构象的微观变化,具有快速、客观、无损、重现性好等优点。本文系统综述了生物光谱技术在环境污染物毒性效应研究方面的进展,其中常用的2种技术是红外光谱和拉曼光谱技术。红外光谱技术目前已被广泛用于单一污染物(重金属、有机污染物、纳米材料等)以及复合污染对细胞、植物、动物以及微生物的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂质、DNA/RNA、多糖以及碳水化合物等方面的影响研究之中;拉曼光谱技术包括常规拉曼技术和表面增强拉曼光谱技术,二者均可以用于污染物的毒性效应研究之中,表面增强拉曼光谱技术具有信噪比高、检测限低、灵敏度高等特点,并提供丰富的细胞生物化学指纹图谱信息。数据处理是生物光谱技术应用的重要一环,光谱数据分析大致分为光谱数据预处理、提取光谱信息特征、以及信息分类和光谱特征峰解析3个部分。本研究结果将为进一步系统地开展生物光谱技术在污染物毒性效应方面的研究提供支持。 相似文献
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从对映体水平上精准阐明新污染物的近海生态效应与机制、评价其潜在的近海环境风险不仅是近海环境生态学的研究热点与难点,更是国家的战略需求。第三代溴代阻燃剂六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecanes, HBCDs)为我国重点管控的新污染物之一,具有明显的手性特征。本文综述HBCDs在近海生态系统中的分布及对映异构体选择性富集和生物放大效应,分析其对近海生物的毒性效应,探讨可能的潜在毒性作用机制,并对其未来的研究热点与研究方向进行展望。研究可望为从对映异构体水平上精准阐明手性新污染物的近海生态学效应与机制提供依据,为近海新污染物控制与环境管理服务。 相似文献
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多溴联苯醚的生物富集效应研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
研究污染物的生物富集效应对于预测污染物在生物体内的含量、建立环境标准以及评估污染物的生态风险具有重要的意义.论文结合近年来国内外有关多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)的生物富集及其沿食物链(网)生物放大效应的研究文献,对PBDEs的生物富集效应进行了综述.文献计算的生物富集因子(BAFs)、生物-沉积物/土壤生物富集因子(BSAFs)和生物放大因子(BMFs)表明,生物对大多数PBDEs具有生物富集作用,且生物对PBDEs的富集能力与其生物进化等级及其营养级有关.文献计算的营养级放大因子(TMFs)表明,大多数PBDE单体可以在食物网上产生生物放大效应,但只有较少单体具有统计上的显著性.生物的生理生化参数、化合物本身的特性以及环境条件等因素影响了PBDEs在生物体内及食物链(网)上的富集与放大. 相似文献
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This article reviews both the pollution by the electrochemical industry and the use of electrochemistry to clean water. Main pollutants include Pd, Cd, Ni, Hg and other metals and cyanide as well as organic pollutants. The cause for water pollution by electrochemistry is due to the effluents from different electrochemical industries such as mercury from chlor-alkali industry; lead, cadmium and mercury from battery industry; heavy metals and organic contaminants from electroplating wastes; contaminants from corrosion processes; and persistent organic pollutants from the synthesis and use of pesticides, dyes and pharmaceuticals. Most pollutants can be successfully eliminated or converted to non-toxic materials by methods based on the electrochemical principles. Electrochemical depolluting methods are mainly electrodialysis, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, anodic processes, cathodic processes and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. 相似文献
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Chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ana R. Ribeiro Paula M. L. Castro Maria E. Tiritan 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2012,10(3):239-253
Many pharmaceutical pollutants are chiral, existing in the environment as a single enantiomer or as mixtures of the two enantiomers. In spite of their similar physical and chemical properties, the different spatial configurations lead the enantiomers to have different interactions with enzymes, receptors or other chiral molecules, which can give diverse biological response. Consequently, biodegradation process and ecotoxicity tend to be enantioselective. Despite numerous ongoing research regarding analysis and monitorization of pharmaceutical ingredients in the environment, the fate and effects of single enantiomers of chiral pharmaceuticals (CP) in the environment are still largely unknown. There are only few chiral analytical methods to accurately measure the enantiomeric fraction (EF) in environmental matrices and during biodegradation processes. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity studies usually consider the enantiomeric pair as unique compound. We reviewed the current knowledge about CP in the environment, as well as the chiral analytical methods to determine the EF in environmental matrices. The degradation and removal processes of CP of important therapeutic classes, usually detected in the environment, and their toxicity to aquatic organisms were also reviewed. On the other hand, this review demonstrate that despite the great importance of the stereochemistry in pharmaceutical science, pharmacology and organic chemistry, this is normally neglected in environmental studies. Therefore, CP in the environment need much more attention from the scientific community, and more research within this subject is required. 相似文献
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Jimoh O. Tijani Ojo O. Fatoba Omotola O. Babajide Leslie F. Petrik 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(1):27-49
The presence of emerging micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, personal care products, nanomaterials and perfluorinated substances in the environment remains a great threat to the health and safety of humans and aquatic species. These micropollutants enter the environment via anthropogenic activities and have been detected in surface water, groundwater and even drinking water at nanogram per litre to microgram per litre concentration. To date, limited information exists on the fate, behaviours, and pathways of these micropollutants in the environment. The potential ecotoxicological effects on the receptors due to exposure to individual or mixture of these chemicals still remain unknown. This review provides an overview on pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds, personal care products, nanomaterials and perfluorinated pollutants, with emphasis on their occurrences, effects, environmental fates, and potential risk of exposure in water, soil or sediment. Based on the literature survey, it was found that in spite of an extensive research and different developmental efforts on the challenges of emerging micropollutants, the solution to the problem of emerging micropollutants in the environment is far from being solved. The needs for behavioural change among citizens, strong political will and policy formulation on the part of government are identified as possible panacea for combating the growing influence of these potential damaging substances. Suggestions on proactive and precautionary measures that must be taken to protect the environment as well as guarantee the health and safety of humans and aquatic species are provided. Future research should concentrate on the development of a risk based screening models and framework that can predict the sources, fate and behaviours of emerging contaminants in the environment is recommended. 相似文献
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Axel Bergmann Reinhard Fohrmann Annegret Hembrock-Heger 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2008,20(3):197-208
Aim The aim of this work was to investigate, which human and veterinary pharmaceuticals are of high ecological relevance due to the input into the environment as well as with regard to the effects and behaviour in the environment. Furthermore, the state of knowledge concerning the ecologically relevant substances and the need of research was evaluated. Methods A two-step approach considering the criteria quantity of sold pharmaceuticals, concentrations, effects and fate in the environment was developed to identify the pharmaceuticals of potential ecological relevance. In a second step the identified individual substances and groups of substances were considered in more detail concerning metabolism, environmental behaviour and ecological effects. Results In a first step 29 out of approximate 2,700 licensed human pharmaceuticals and seven substances as well as three substance groups used in veterinary medicine were identified as potentially ecologically relevant. The detailed assessment in a second step lead to the conclusion, that of the human pharmaceuticals 9 substances as well as two substance groups concerning the environmental behaviour and seven substances concerning the effects are of high environmental relevance. Concerning the environmental behaviour six out of seven veterinary pharmaceuticals as well as three substance groups and only three substances concerning the ecological effects were classified as relevant for the environment. Discussion By means of the presented method it was possible to limit the scope of a wide spectrum of pharmaceuticals, so that a detailed assessment of only relevant active agents was possible. Nevertheless, it is a precondition that investigations concerning the occurrence, fate and effects of the individual compounds in the environment have been already carried out and published in the literature. Conclusions The method is suitable for a comprehensive assessment of the ecological relevance of pharmaceuticals, but for a lot of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals the data available in the literature are insufficient. Recommendations For a final extensive assessment of the environmental relevance for some of the human and veterinary pharmaceuticals more studies are necessary. Especially data concerning the environmental behaviour in water and soils, data from long-term-studies for the assessment of ecological effects and data concerning metabolites and mixtures of pharmaceutical compounds are lacking. 相似文献
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自由溶解态浓度可用于评价污染物的生物有效性,评估污染物的环境风险.本文介绍了微耗损固相微萃取(nd-SPME)技术测定自由溶解态浓度的原理、测定条件和基质干扰等影响因素,并着重总结归纳了nd-SPME技术在在环境基质和生物基质中有机污染物自由溶解态浓度测定中的应用. 相似文献