人工地下水回灌过程中溶解性有机物的去除及变化

在实验室通过模拟土壤柱研究了人工地下水回灌过程中溶解性有机物的去除及其三卤甲烷生成势和三卤甲烷生成活性的变化.利用XAD树脂将回灌水中的溶解性有机物分为3个部分：疏水性有机酸、过渡亲水性有机酸和亲水性有机物.疏水性有机酸的三卤甲烷生成活性高于过渡亲水性有机酸和亲水性有机物.土壤含水层处理（SAT）对亲水性有机物的去除率为68.51%,对疏水性有机酸和过渡亲水性有机酸的去除率分别为58.64%和41.86%.经SAT系统处理后,溶解性有机物及各有机组分的三卤甲烷生成势减少,而三卤甲烷生成活性升高.疏水性有机酸是生成三卤甲烷的主要有机组分.亲水性有机物在SAT系统进水中的三卤甲烷生成活性较低,但由于含量高,三卤甲烷生成势也较大.而过渡亲水性有机酸由于含量和三卤甲烷生成活性较低,三卤甲烷生成势也较低.     

土壤渗滤处理技术研究现状与进展

土壤渗滤处理技术在我国广大地区有很好的适应性和可行性,将有很好的发展前景。该文论述了土壤渗滤技术的发展历史和现状,并对近十年来该技术的实验室模拟、机理研究、具体应用实践和运行模式的优化等方面进行了概括分析与总结      

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of diuron on zinc oxide: Influence of surface-dependent adsorption on kinetics, degradation pathway, and toxicity of intermediates

Heterogeneous photocatalytic reaction has been generally applied for degradation of toxic contaminants. Degradations of a compound using the same kind of catalyst that was synthesized differently are commonly found in literature. However, the reported degradation intermediates are normally inconsistent. This issue is especially important for the degradation of toxic compounds because intermediates may be more toxic than their parent compounds and understanding the reason is necessary if appropriate catalysts are to be designed. This work systematically compares the photocatalytic degradation of diuron, a toxic recalcitrant herbicide, on two forms of zinc oxide (ZnO), i.e., conventional particles with zinc- and oxygen-terminated polar surfaces as the dominating planes, and nanorods with mixed-terminated nonpolar surfaces. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that both the rate of reaction and the degradation pathway depend on the adsorption configuration of diuron onto the surface. Diuron molecules adsorb in different alignments on the two surfaces, contributing to the formation of different degradation intermediates. Both the aliphatic and aromatic sides of diuron adsorb on the polar surfaces simultaneously, leading to an attack by hydroxyl radicals from both ends. On the other hand, on the mixed-terminated surface, only the aliphatic part adsorbs and is degraded. The exposed surface is therefore the key factor controlling the degradation pathway. For diuron degradation on ZnO, a catalyst confined to mixed-terminated surfaces, i.e., ZnO nanorods, is more desirable, as it avoids the formation of intermediates with potent phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity.