联合社会资源开展更多环境教育项目

其实,许多政府部门、行业组织和相关企业,都很乐意合作参与青少年环境教育活动,这为科普场馆争取更多外部资源开展环境科普项目提供了很好的社会条件。     

播种绿色理念 谱写环保篇章——《全国环境宣传教育行动纲要（2011--2015年）》系列专题——联合社会资源开展更多环境教育项目

其实,许多政府部门、行业组织和相关企业,都很乐意合作参与青少年环境教育活动,这为科普场馆争取更多外部资源开展环境科普项目提供了很好的社会条件。     

恢复性司法在环境资源犯罪领域的适用

恢复性司法作为一种辅助性措施,契合环境资源犯罪恢复人与人之间、人与自然之间利益平衡与和谐关系的目的.将其引入环境资源犯罪领域,突破了传统司法模式的局限性,实现了犯罪惩处、生态修复、轻刑化改革等多重目标.恢复性司法在取得实践良效的同时,仍面临着适用条件范围狭窄、结果本位主义限制、司法机关处理方式保守、恢复性措施缺乏法律依...     

大数据背景下的环境宣传——以辽宁环境宣传活动为例

随着时代的变迁,与发展同生的各类应用技术也趋向成熟,在统计学与互联网的基础上大数据应用顺势而生,作用于、服务于人类的工作与生活。自然环境是国之基础,是人类赖以生存的资源保障,保护环境的永续发展是基本国策,更是公民应尽的责任和义务。面对各种各样的环境问题,政府部门的舆论引导显得尤为重要,怎样做到精准有效的宣传?这是我们一直以来不断深挖实践的探索目标。因此,我们应在大数据背景下利用其整合、分析、推算等优势特点为环境宣传插上腾飞的翅膀。     

环境监理在龙岗气田的实践与探索

文章简要介绍了龙岗气田试采工程特点、环境保护要求及过程管理的难度,以及开展环境监理工作的必要性和重要性。重点总结了龙岗气田工程环境监理工作开展过程中,在前期准备、人员组织、资源配置、目标实现、现场实施、成果体现等方面所做的探索与实践,对今后大型油气地面工程建设开展环境监理工作具有一定的借鉴意义和参考作用。     

国外雨水资源利用研究对我国“海绵城市”研究的启示CSSCI

"海绵城市"建设是我国应对城市雨水问题的新举措,目的是改善城市水文环境,促进城市雨水资源的可持续利用。国外尤其是发达国家已进行了多年的雨水利用理论研究与实践。对相关研究成果进行梳理并加以借鉴,将有助于促进我国"海绵城市"建设。通过文献分析法检索了世界知名出版社和数据库的相关论文,对国外近年来雨水资源利用的主要研究成果进行了总结和分类。结果表明,国外的雨水资源利用在雨水采集系统、技术应用、风险评价、社会学研究、低影响开发与最佳管理实践等领域取得了丰富的成果,在研究深度、广度和尺度上对我国的相关研究具有启发性。我国的"海绵城市"研究应吸收国外的优秀成果并与中国的城市特点相结合,全方位、系统性地开展研究和实践,为全国范围内的推广应用提供科学依据。     

建立环境友好型防洪体系实现人水和谐

胡锦涛总书记2005年3月在中央人口资源环境工作座谈会上提出要“努力建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会”。环境友好型社会作为一种全新的环境伦理观,体现了人与自然的友好相处,对于指导我们按照科学发展观要求构建社会主义和谐社会的实践具有十分重要的理论意义和实践意义。     

论学校环境教育中的一体两翼“以人为本”和“以自然为友”

学校环境教育是为了以教导学生关爱环境,善用自然资源,维护自然生态,并妥善处理相关的环境问题。学校环境教育的宗旨:引导学生了解人在自然与社会环境中的角色与互动关系,增进相关的环境知识、技能与伦理,以期有意识地参与环境保护工作,并保护人类社会生活环境,进而维护自然环境的生态平衡。“以人为本”学校环境教育的主体性原则学校环境教育,必须坚持以人为本,这是环境教育的客观要求,偏离了这个对象,环境教育就失去意义,也不可能达到目的。1.从人地关系来看 人既是环境的产物,也是环境的塑造者。从图可以看出,人类社会与环境有着密切的…     

关于建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准的若干思路

环保应用是一种典型的多行业、多类型的大数据综合业务应用.当前,仅我国环保应用的数据类型就高达几十种,来源于不同的数据生产部门,其组织管理的方式、标准、参考体系也各不相同,给环境大数据的快速形成与综合应用提出了挑战.本文从环境大数据的概念和需求开始,结合国内外技术发展的现状,讨论了发展建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准的必要性与优势;基于国家973 项目的 理论研究成果,提出了建立我国统一的空 、天、地一体化环境大数据网格组织标准的框架体系,并研究了基于网格框架的环境大数据形成制、应用思路、关键技术及实现方法; 最后,结合我国环境大数据与 信息技术发展的现状,提出了建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准体系的几点发展建议.     

基层环境监测站创建环境教育基地的措施探讨

<正>深挖基层环境监测站的资源与优势,积极探讨其创建环境教育基地的措施,充分发挥其科普和宣传教育作用,对于生态文明理念在社会树立并广泛实践具有重要意义。环境教育基地是一个拥有生态环境教育特色资源的场所,通过提供适当的设施、展示、教育和活动,加上专业人员的解说、引导及互动,使各年龄段的学习者们能在环境中体验美好、珍视资源的可贵,学习生态环境知识,探索人与环境互相依存的关系,并养成对环境负责任的行为。     

科学大数据开放共享机制研究及其对环境信息共享的启示

科学大数据得以充分利用和增值的前提是开放共享,而影响数据开放共享的关键问题是共享机制.本文首先分析了科学大数据的产生方式、数据类型、投资方式、管理主体和服务定位及其与共享程度的关系.进一步在分析国内外自上而下和自下而上科学数据共享通用机制与原则的基础上,结合国家地球系统科学数据共享平台、全球变化科学数据出版等实践,提出了数据汇交、数据出版、数据联盟和服务激励四种数据共享机制,并分析了每种机制中的关键问题及具体做法.最后,结合云计算、"互联网+"等新一代信息技术和思维,对环境保护大数据共享机制提出四点建议,即:国家统一投资建设的环境保护核心业务数据强制汇交机制,其他部委、机构环境保护相关数据联盟交换机制,企业、科学家个人数据出版等激励机制,以及社会公众数据的"众创机制".     

环境管理的信息化视角——美国环境信息生命周期模型研究

有效、可靠的数据和信息是环境管理的基础和主线,是政府部门确定环境管理目标、衡量进展以及同所有利益相关方共享信息的基础。美国环保局(EPA)从整体视角和跨学科观点提出环境信息生命周期模型,能够更好地理解环境信息的生产者、管理者、提供者和使用者等不同角色的作用。本文介绍了环境信息生命周期模型的各环节和要素,包括政策、规划和项目,数据采集和管理,信息交换和共享,信息管理,发现、获取信息,理解、使用信息,用户/公众反馈等,用于评估环境管理业务的数据和信息需求,帮助提高数据质量,增强公众获取环境信息的能力。环保部门需要关注数据质量的不确定性以及不同部门之间缺乏信息共享的问题,将环境信息生命周期的方法融入中国的环境管理和信息化建设,将提高环境数据的质量和政府透明度。本文针对中国的环保信息化建设提出了若干政策建议。     

Environmental Vulnerability Indicators for Environmental Planning and Decision-Making: Guidelines and Applications

Environmental decision-making and policy-making at all levels refers necessarily to synthetic, approximate quantification of environmental properties such as vulnerability, conservation status, and ability to recover after perturbation. Knowledge of such properties is essential to informed decision-making, but their definition is controversial and their precise characterization requires investments in research, modeling, and data collection that are only possible in the most developed countries. Environmental agencies and governments worldwide have increasingly requested numerical quantification or semiquantitative ranking of such attributes at the ecosystem, landscape, and country level. We do not have a theory to guide their calculation, in general or specific contexts, particularly with the amount of resources usually available in such cases. As a result, these measures are often calculated with little scientific justification and high subjectivity, and such doubtful approximations are used for critical decision-making. This problem applies particularly to countries with weak economies, such as small island states, where the most precious environmental resources are often concentrated. This paper discusses frameworks for a “least disappointing,” approximate quantification of environmental vulnerability. After a review of recent research and recent attempts to quantify environmental vulnerability, we discuss models and theoretical frameworks for obtaining an approximate, standardizable vulnerability indicator of minimal subjectivity and maximum generality. We also discuss issues of empirical testing and comparability between indicators developed for different environments. To assess the state of the art, we describe an independent ongoing project developed in the South Pacific area and aimed to the comparative evaluation of the vulnerability of arbitrary countries.     

Environmental Compensation and the Mediation of Environmental Change: Making Capital out of Cardiff Bay

The scope for compensating for environmental loss or degradation with some form of balancing environmental gain (such as habitat creation) has attracted critical attention from conservationists and policy makers. However, it is increasingly apparent that concentrating on technical skills, and adopting a linear analytical framework, disguise the range of social processes at work. Engaging in environmental compensation is, almost inevitably, a process of considerable ecological, evaluative and institutional transformation. Moreover, taking increasing control of this process through detailed management may accelerate the transformation of nature into 'capital'. These arguments are developed through a case-study of Cardiff Bay, where the implementation of habitat creation compensating for the loss of inter-tidal mud flats became linked to the implementation of the European Habitats Directive, a policy lever which served to both intensify and rationalize these transformations.     

An Analysis of Water Data Systems to Inform the Open Water Data Initiative

Improving access to data and fostering open exchange of water information is foundational to solving water resources issues. In this vein, the Department of the Interior's Assistant Secretary for Water and Science put forward the charge to undertake an Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) that would prioritize and accelerate work toward better water data infrastructure. The goal of the OWDI is to build out the Open Water Web (OWW). We therefore considered the OWW in terms of four conceptual functions: water data cataloging, water data as a service, enriching water data, and community for water data. To describe the current state of the OWW and identify areas needing improvement, we conducted an analysis of existing systems using a standard model for describing distributed systems and their business requirements. Our analysis considered three OWDI‐focused use cases—flooding, drought, and contaminant transport—and then examined the landscape of other existing applications that support the Open Water Web. The analysis, which includes a discussion of observed successful practices of cataloging, serving, enriching, and building community around water resources data, demonstrates that we have made significant progress toward the needed infrastructure, although challenges remain. The further development of the OWW can be greatly informed by the interpretation and findings of our analysis.     

Supporting Diverse Data Providers in the Open Water Data Initiative: Communicating Water Data Quality and Fitness of Use

Shared, trusted, timely data are essential elements for the cooperation needed to optimize economic, ecologic, and public safety concerns related to water. The Open Water Data Initiative (OWDI) will provide a fully scalable platform that can support a wide variety of data from many diverse providers. Many of these will be larger, well‐established, and trusted agencies with a history of providing well‐documented, standardized, and archive‐ready products. However, some potential partners may be smaller, distributed, and relatively unknown or untested as data providers. The data these partners will provide are valuable and can be used to fill in many data gaps, but can also be variable in quality or supplied in nonstandardized formats. They may also reflect the smaller partners' variable budgets and missions, be intermittent, or of unknown provenance. A challenge for the OWDI will be to convey the quality and the contextual “fitness” of data from providers other than the most trusted brands. This article reviews past and current methods for documenting data quality. Three case studies are provided that describe processes and pathways for effective data‐sharing and publication initiatives. They also illustrate how partners may work together to find a metadata reporting threshold that encourages participation while maintaining high data integrity. And lastly, potential governance is proposed that may assist smaller partners with short‐ and long‐term participation in the OWDI.     

The Canadian Environmental Assessment Act's Public Registry System

Public access to information and public participation in the environmental assessment (EA) process are cornerstones of the Canadian EA system. The Government's commitment is stated in the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act which requires that federal departments establish and operate a public registry of information on the EAs they conduct to ensure convenient public access. The Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency has taken the lead to ensure this commitment is met through the development of an innovative electronic Public Registry System. The system allows all federal departments conducting EAs to meet their obligations in a consistent and cost-effective manner. The public can easily access information on the 'who, what, when, where and why' of all EAs carried out by the federal departments, as well as document listings and the actual EA documents. Access is through the Internet, CD ROM, and in hardcopy.     

Building a Sustainable Future for Animal Agriculture: An Environmental Virtue Ethic of Care Approach within the Philosophy of Technology

Agricultural technologies are non-neutral and ethical challenges are posed by these technologies themselves. The technologies we use or endorse are embedded with values and norms and reflect the shape of our moral character. They can literally make us better or worse consumers and/or people. Looking back, when the world’s developed nations welcomed and steadily embraced industrialization as the dominant paradigm for agriculture a half century or so ago, they inadvertently championed a philosophy of technology that promotes an insular human-centricism, despite its laudable intent to ensure food security and advance human flourishing. The dominant philosophy of technology has also seeded particular ethical consequences that plague the well-being of human beings, the planet, and farmed animals. After revisiting some fundamental questions regarding the complex ways in which technology as agent shapes our lives and choices and relegates food and farmed constituents into technological artifacts or commodities, I argue that we should accord an environmental virtue ethic of care—understood as caretaking—a central place in developing a more conscientious philosophy of technology that aims at sustainability, fairness, and humaneness in animal agriculture. While technology shapes society, it also is socially shaped and an environmental virtue ethic of care (EVEC) as an alternative design philosophy has the tools to help us take a much overdue inventory of ourselves and our relationships with the nonhuman world. It can help us to expose the ways in which technology hinders critical reflection of its capacity to alter communities and values, to come to terms with why we may be, in general, disengaged from critical ethical analysis of contemporary agriculture and to consider the moral shape and trajectory and the sustainability of our food production systems going into the future. I end by outlining particular virtues associated with the ethic of care discussed here and consider some likely implications for consumers and industry technocrats as they relate to farming animals.