味精废水处理系统中高效细菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮性能

利用BTB培养基快速高效地从某味精厂废水处理系统的活性污泥中筛选出一株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌LH2-3.通过形态观察,生理生化特征测定,Biolog鉴定以及16S rDNA分子鉴定,认定该菌株是巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium).菌株脱氮性能研究表明:在异养硝化过程中,该菌株可将培养液中的NH4+-N100%去除,对TN的去除率可达98.16%;在好氧反硝化过程中,其对NO2--N的去除率达到97.14%,对TN的去除率达到94.97%.     

1株海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

以海水为基质,采用传统的微生物分离纯化方法,从海底沉积物中分离筛选得到1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌y5,经形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.).对其脱氮特性及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,菌株y5的最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,最适p H值为7.0,最适C/N为17.菌株均能以NH4Cl、Na NO2和KNO3为唯一氮源进行反应,36 h的去除率分别为77.07%、64.14%和100%.3种氮源共存时,36 h的去除率达到100%.表明菌株y5在高盐废水中具有独立高效的异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用.     

味精废水处理系统中高效细菌的分离鉴定及其

利用BTB培养基快速高效地从某味精厂废水处理系统的活性污泥中筛选出一株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌LH2-3.通过形态观察,生理生化特征测定,Biolog鉴定以及16S rDNA分子鉴定,认定该菌株是巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium).菌株脱氮性能研究表明:在异养硝化过程中,该菌株可将培养液中的NH+₄-N　100%去除,对TN的去除率可达98.16%;在好氧反硝化过程中,其对NO-₂-N的去除率达到97.14%,对TN的去除率达到94.97%.      

海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌y6同步脱氮除碳特性

从胶州湾海底沉积物中分离筛选出一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株y6,通过菌株y6的形态以及生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列的分析,鉴定该菌株属于克雷伯氐菌属(Klebsiella sp.).在不同的环境条件下,测定菌株y6的生长情况和脱氮能力,研究其同步脱氮除碳特性.实验结果表明,菌株y6的最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,最适宜pH值为7.0,最适合的C/N为17.菌株y6在以NH_4C1、KNO_3和NaNO_2为唯一氮源的反应系统中均有较好的脱氮效果,去除率分别为99.67%、100%、99.20%.菌株y6在脱氮的同时能高效地去除有机物,COD的去除率分别为82.17%、95.75%和97.83%.菌株y6在硝化过程中没有亚硝态氮和硝态氮的积累.在按不同比例混合氮源的反应系统内,首先进行的是硝态氮的好氧反硝化,随后进行的是氨氮、亚硝态氮和COD的去除.在有亚硝态氮存在时氨氮的去除率略低,亚硝态氮会影响y6的异养硝化过程,异养硝化对好氧反硝化过程没有影响.     

异养硝化细菌的分离及其硝化特性实验研究

采用将传统微生物学方法与现代分子生物学手段相结合的新型异养硝化细菌的分离筛选方法,从具有80.1%的SND效果的MBR系统中分离筛选出2株异养硝化细菌,通过生理生化实验、16S rDNA的序列分析,认定为属新报道的异养型硝化细菌.通过批式试验考察了分离纯化得到的异养硝化细菌的硝化性能.结果表明,Bacillussp.LY及Brevibacillussp.LY具有异养微生物的性质,在充分利用有机碳进行有氧呼吸的同时还具有较强的硝化及脱氮能力:24d好氧培养后,COD的去除率分别为71.7%及52.6%;氨氮的转化率分别为78.2%及51.2%;总氮的转化率分别为69.2%及35.6%.     

耐盐异养硝化菌qy18和中度嗜盐异养硝化菌gs2的脱氮特性与耐盐性研究

研究了两株异养硝化菌qy18和gs2的脱氮特性和耐盐范围。筛选出一株耐盐异养硝化菌qy18和一株中度嗜盐异养硝化菌gs2,通过形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA序列分析,分别确定其为假单胞菌属(Pseudom onas)和盐单胞菌属(Halom onas)。在48 h内菌株qy18和菌株gs2的NH4-N去除率分别为98.51%和96.10%,TN去除率分别为83.57%和81.46%,COD去除率分别为54.13%和45.0%,两株菌可以同时利用有机碳源和NH4-N为底物进行硝化反应和同步脱氮。两株菌的最大NH4-N去除速率分别为5.79 mg/(L.h)和5.50 mg/(L.h),高于目前已报道的异养硝化菌的NH4-N去除速率。培养期间没有检测到NO3-N,NO2-N最大积累量分别为0.02 mg/L和3.79 mg/L,推测菌株qy18具有特殊的NH4-N代谢模式。两株菌适宜生长的盐度范围分别为0%~4%和2%~10%。同时发现了在盐度不断升高的过程中,NH4-N去除所受盐度的抑制要早于菌体生长所受盐度的抑制。     

异养硝化细菌Acinetobacter junii NP1的同步脱氮除磷特性及动力学分析

针对传统生物脱氮除磷过程存在工艺流程复杂、抗冲击负荷能力差、基建与运行费用高等问题,以具有高效脱氮除磷功能的异养硝化细菌Acinetobacter junii NP1为研究对象,开展其同步脱氮除磷性能、影响因子及动力学分析.结果表明,菌株NP1具有高效的异养硝化能力,氨氮最大去除率达99. 12%,反应过程只有少量的硝化中间产物积累,并且能够耐受较高的氨氮负荷.菌株NP1同时具有良好的好氧反硝化特性,能够利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行生长代谢,最大去除率分别为91. 40%和95. 10%.此外,菌株NP1异养硝化过程还伴随着同步的聚磷作用,适当的氮磷比有利于氮磷的同步去除,当氮磷比为5∶1时,最大氨氮和磷酸盐去除率分别为99. 21%和88. 35%.菌株NP1生长特性符合Logistic模型(R~2 0. 99),氮素和磷酸盐降解过程则与修饰的Compertz模型相匹配(R~2 0. 99),拟合所得氮和磷酸盐最大转化速率R_m为:氨氮硝氮亚硝氮,迟滞时间t_0为:硝氮亚硝氮氨氮.通过基质降解动力学以及氮磷去除率分析,最佳条件是碳源为琥珀酸钠、C/N=10、T=30℃以及r=160 r·min~(-1).     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的筛选及脱氮性能的实验研究

通过极限稀释和显色培养基相结合筛选的方法,从畜禽养殖废水样品中筛选到1株同时具有异养硝化-好氧反硝化双重功能的细菌CPZ24.该菌株革兰氏染色呈阳性,杆状,菌落颜色为橙红色.经形态、生理生化特性,16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为嗜吡啶红球菌(Rhodococuus pyridinivorans).对该菌进行异养硝化功能和好氧反硝化功能进行研究,结果表明,在异养硝化过程中,该菌可将培养基中的氨氮全部去除,其中对总氮的去除率可达98.70%;在好氧反硝化过程中,该菌对硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到66.74%,总氮的去除率达到64.27%.此高效脱氮降解菌可实现自身同步硝化-反硝化脱氮功能,能够独立完成生物脱氮的全过程.     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌协同竞争对脱氮特性的影响

为了探讨在脱氮过程中异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌类之间的协同和竞争作用,以A2/O工艺好氧污泥中筛出的三株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌——XH02、XH03和FX03为研究对象,经16S rDNA基因序列系统发育分析,鉴定XH02为人苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum sp.),XH03和FX03为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.).在此基础上,分别考察了单菌株和复合菌株(XH02+XH03、XH02+FX03、XH03+FX03和XH02+XH03+FX03) 在异养硝化和好氧反硝化条件下的脱氮特性.结果表明:菌株XH02和XH03具有高效脱氮特性,在异养硝化过程中,第24小时对NH₄+-N的去除率分别为90.2%和89.5%;在好氧反硝化过程中,二者在第24小时对NO₃--N的去除率分别为91.8%和94.0%.复合菌株XH02+XH03无论在异养硝化还是好氧反硝化过程中,均能相互协同,促进生长,进一步提高了脱氮效率,在第24小时对NH₄+-N和NO₃--N的去除率分别达到97.1%和96.7%.在硝化和反硝化过程中,菌株FX03对XH02、XH03均存在着竞争关系,FX03的存在会抑制菌株XH02和XH03的生长,显著降低脱氮效率.研究显示,异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌XH02和XH03之间的协同作用可以强化废水生物处理,提高脱氮效率.      

含水层介质中1株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定与脱氮性能

从受氮污染浅层含水层介质中分离纯化得到1株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌XK51,经过菌落形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为假单胞菌属恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Putida)。脱氮性能结果表明:XK51为兼性反硝化细菌,能在好氧或缺厌氧条件下高效反硝化脱氮,最大和平均反硝化速率分别为27.3,4.4 mg/(L·h),硝酸盐脱除率为95.3%;该菌株同时具有较高异养硝化能力,最大和平均硝化速率分别为4.2,1.4 mg/(L·h),氨氮脱除率为98.5%。XK51最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,适宜生长温度为28~35 ℃,最适温度为30 ℃;适宜生长pH为6.5~8.0,最适pH为7.0。XK51可同时进行异养硝化及同步硝化-反硝化,培养期间未出现明显亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐累积,在含氮污废水处理和地下水氮污染修复方面具有潜在工程应用价值。     

膜生物反应器异养硝化菌的分离及硝化特性

对具有80%的同步硝化反硝化(SND)效果的MBR系统中存在的异养硝化菌进行了分离培养,并对其硝化特性进行了研究.结果表明,采用将传统微生物学方法与现代分子生物学手段相结合的新型异养硝化细菌的分离筛选方法,分离出的3株细菌可以充分利用有机碳进行有氧呼吸,具有异养生物的性质,且具有产生NO_x^-的硝化性能.经21d好氧培养后,系统中B1、B2、B33株细菌对COD的去除率分别为52.58%,71.72%,和77.74%;总氮去除率分别为35.6%,61.2%及68.7%.     

Isolation and characterization of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria in MBR

The study presented the method for isolating the heterotrophic nitrifiers and the characterization of heterotrophic nitrification. Continuous tests via a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were operated under the controlled conditions to proliferate the nitrifiers. Heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria were isolated from the system in which the efficiency of total nitrogen(TN) removal was up to 80%. Since no autotrophic ammonium and nitrite oxidizers could be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), oxidized-N production was unlikely to be catalyzed by autotrophic nitrifiers during the heterotrophic nitrifiers‘ isolation in this study. The batch test results indicate that the isolated heterotrophic bacteria were able to nitrify. After 3 weeks incubation, the efficiencies of the COD removal by the three isolated bacterial strains B1,B2 and B3 were 52.6%, 71.7%, and 77.7%, respectively. The efficiencies of the TN removal by B1, B2, and B3 were 35.6%, 61.2% and 68.7%, respectively.     

一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Bacillus flexus X1-L的分离鉴定及效能研究

近年来,随着中国经济的快速发展,水体中氨氮超标问题已严重影响到人类身体健康和生态环境平衡,有效去除水体中的氨氮已成为人们研究的热点.在传统污水生物脱氮处理中,常采用微生物的硝化、反硝化作用去除污水中的氮素,从而降低对环境的污染.本文从活性污泥反应器中分离出一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株,并命名为X1-L.菌体经形态学观察、生理生化测定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,确定属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）,Genbank登录号为MT457091,并利用MEGA7.0软件建立了相应的系统发育树.在以NH₄⁺-N为唯一氮源的条件下,菌株X1-L生长较好,COD去除率为96.4%,氨氮去除率达到99.6%,经硝化作用去除的氮有43.7%,证明菌株X1-L具有异养硝化能力.在以NO₂^--N或NO₃^--N为唯一氮源的条件下,菌株X1-L生长也较好,COD去除率分别为95.3%和96.4%,NO₂^--N和NO₃^--N去除率分别为95.5%和96.5%,经反硝化作用去除的氮分别有67.7%和68.2%,证明菌株X1-L具有好氧反硝化能力.     

菌株qy37的异养硝化/好氧反硝化机制比较及氨氮加速降解特性研究

筛选出1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌qy37,通过形态观察、生理生化试验和16S rDNA序列分析,确定其为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas).研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌qy37的脱氮特性.在以NH4Cl为氮源的异养硝化系统内,该菌32 h内使NH 4+-N由138.52 mg/L降至7.88 mg/L,COD由2 408.39 mg/L降至1 177.49 mg/L,NH2 OH最大积累量为9.42 mg/L,NO 2--N最大积累量仅为0.02 mg/L,推测该菌将NH2OH直接转化为N2O和N2从系统中脱除.在以NaNO2为氮源的好氧反硝化系统内,该菌24 h内使NO 2--N由109.25 mg/L降至2.59 mg/L,NH2OH最大积累量为3.28 mg/L.好氧反硝化系统与异养硝化系统相比菌体生长量高,TN去除率低,COD消耗量低,NH2OH积累量低,并且检测到NO 3--N的积累.认为好氧反硝化在菌体生长和能量利用方面比异养硝化更有效率.在异养硝化-好氧反硝化混合系统内,16 h NH 4+-N去除速率比异养硝化系统提高了37.31%.混合系统的NH2 OH积累量低于异养硝化系统和好氧反硝化系统,但N2 O产出量高于二者.     

生活垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能及微生物机理分析

生活垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液是一种含高氨氮高有机物浓度的难处理废水,目前渗沥液生物脱氮多采用多级硝化反硝化处理工艺,存在能耗大、效率低等不足。以厌氧氨氧化技术为核心,构建连续流厌氧消化-短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化三段式工艺,分析垃圾焚烧厂渗沥液的生物脱氮效果、有机物迁移转化规律、功能微生物活性及组成变化。结果表明:在进水ρ（NH₄+-N）为900~1800 mg/L,ρ（COD）为3000~20000 mg/L时,系统处理效果良好,稳定运行期间总无机氮和COD去除率分别为85%和77%。其中厌氧消化段可去除约45%的COD,短程硝化段NO₂--N积累率保持在97%以上,厌氧氨氧化段稳定运行期间总无机氮去除率约为85%,系统内也存在一定程度反硝化反应。接入渗沥液后,自养脱氮体系中功能微生物氨氧化菌（AOB）和厌氧氨氧化菌（Anammox）的活性均有不同程度的下降,采用宏基因组学结合16S rDNA高通量测序技术对比分析微生物的群落和功能组成变化,发现渗沥液中高浓度的有机物使短程硝化段和厌氧氨氧化段内异养反硝化菌相对丰度上升,Anammox受到难降解有机物抑制,其中Candidatus_Kuenenia菌属适应性较强,在驯化后仍然可以维持厌氧氨氧化系统较高的脱氮效果。     

固定化细胞单级生物脱氮研究

利用硝化菌和反硝化菌混合固定的方法,研究了好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化作用的单级生物脱氮技术.结果表明,反硝化菌被固定后,在好氧条件下仍具有反硝化功能.硝化菌和反硝化菌被混合固定后,可以在好氧条件下同时进行硝化和反硝化作用,并且其氨氧化速率约为硝化菌单独固定时的1.4倍.硝化菌和反硝化菌混合固定构成的单级生物脱氮系统其脱氮速率是分别固定构成的单级生物脱氮系统的2.6倍.     

Effect of organic carbon on nitrification e ciency and community composition of nitrifying biofilms

The effects of organic carbon/inorganic nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the nitrification processes and the community shifts of nitrifying biofilms were investigated by kinetic comparison and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results showed that the nitrification rate decreased with an increasing organic concentration. However, the effect became weak when the carbon concentration reached sufficiently high level. Denitrification was detected after organic carbon was added. The 12 h ammonium removal rate ranged from 85% to 30% at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 compare to control (C/N = 0). The loss of nitrogen at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, (8 and 16 was 31%, 18%, 24%, 65%, 59% and 62% respectively, after 24 h. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the dominant populations changed from nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp.) to denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Acidovorax sp. and Comamonas sp.) with C/N ratio increase. Although at high C/N ratio the denitrifying bacteria were the dominant populations, nitrifying bacteria grew simultaneously. Conrrespondingly, nitrification process coexisted with denitrification.     

Effect of organic carbon on nitrification efficiency and community composition of nitrifying biofilms

The effects of organic carbon/inorganic nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the nitrification processes and the community shifts of nitrifying biofilms were investigated by kinetic comparison and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. The results showed that the nitrification rate decreased with an increasing organic concentration. However, the effect became weak when the carbon concentration reached sufficiently high level. Denitrification was detected after organic carbon was added. The 12 h ammonium removal rate ranged from 85% to 30% at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 compare to control (C/N = 0). The loss of nitrogen at C/N = 0.5, 1, 2, 4, (8 and 16 was 31%, 18%, 24%, 65%, 59% and 62% respectively, after 24 h. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed that the dominant populations changed from nitrifying bacteria (Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp.) to denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas sp., Acidovorax sp. and Comamonas sp.) with C/N ratio increase. Although at high C/N ratio the denitrifying bacteria were the dominant populations, nitrifying bacteria grew simultaneously. Conrrespondingly, nitrification process coexisted with denitrification.     

Effect of substrate COD/N ratio on performance and microbial community structure of a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Two parallel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactors were operated at well-defined conditions to investigate the e ect of substrate COD/N ratios on the performance and microbial community structure of the bioreactor. Results showed that at substrate COD/N of 5, organic and nitrogen could be eliminated simultaneously, and COD removal degree, nitrification and denitrification e ciency reached 85%, 93% and 92%, respectively. With increasing substrate COD/N ratios, the specific oxygen utilization rates of nitrifying bacteria in biofilm were found to decrease, indicating that nitrifying population became less dominant. At substrate COD/N ratio of 6, excessive heterotrophs inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria greatly and thus led to poor nitrification process. With the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were identified as dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm at substrate COD/N of 0, whereas only Nitrosospira were detected in the biofilm at COD/N ratio of 5. Nitrospira were present as dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in our study. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that at substrate COD/N ratio of 0 nitrifying bacteria existed throughout the biofilm and that at COD/N ratio of 5 they were mainly distributed in the inner layer of biofilm.