UV/H_2O_2联用工艺降解小分子羧酸的研究

UV/H2O2联用工艺相对单独UV工艺和单独H2O2工艺对羧酸的降解率更高,主要是由于UV激发H2O2产生了氧化性更强的羟基自由基。通过在不同H2O2浓度下UV/H2O2联用工艺对甲酸、草酸、水杨酸三种小分子羧酸的降解实验发现,不同种类的羧酸存在一个最适H2O2浓度。低于最适浓度,H2O2浓度每增加一定值,羧酸的最大降解率增加量随之增加;高于最适浓度,最大降解率增加量随之减少。UV/H2O2工艺对小分子羧酸的降解率与羧酸分子的结构和相对分子质量有关,结构越复杂,相对分子质量越高,小分子羧酸的降解率越低。     

O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水有机物动力学及机理研究

对O3/H2O2氧化页岩气产出水降解有机物动力学、特征污染物苯胺降解动力学及机理进行实验分析,研究结果表明：页岩气产出水有机物、苯胺降解符合一级反应动力学;臭氧分子的分解符合零级反应动力学。通过液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析O3/H2O2氧化苯胺降解过程中间产物,发现O3/H2O2氧化法不能完全 将页岩气产出水矿化为二氧化碳和水,只是将复杂有机物分子转化为结构简单的直链烷烃或者羧酸类物质,需与其他氧化方式相结合才可将有机物完全去除,并提出了降解返排液中苯胺的两条可能途径,为O3/H2O2氧化工艺实际应用提供理论依据。     

制氢弛放气中CO2胺法捕集工艺模拟及优化

为降低PSA制氢装置弛放气中CO2捕集系统蒸汽消耗量,利用Aspen Hysys软件建立了CO2捕集工艺模型并对捕集工艺进行模拟研究。考察了胺液循环量、解吸系统贫胺液CO2负载量、富胺液进解吸塔温度和解吸压力对蒸汽消耗量的影响。模拟结果表明,随着胺液循环量和解吸系统贫胺液CO2负载量的增大,CO2解吸单耗先降低后升高,最低约为2.04t水蒸气/tCO2。提高富胺液进解吸塔温度或提高解吸压力均有利于降低CO2解吸单耗。     

EF-2型(T703)氧化铁精脱硫剂

由长沙市望岳化工厂开发、湖南省环境保护局推荐的EF-2型氧化铁精脱硫剂适用于天然气、焦炉煤气、水煤气、甲烷原料气、冶金工艺气、精细化工原料气、食品级CO2气等气体中H2S的精脱除。主要技术内容上述原料气中的H2S与氧化铁反应生成硫化亚铁、多硫化铁、单质硫和水:Fe2O3(特种) H2S→FeS FeSx S H2O典型规模天津大港油田天然气公司3.6亿m3液化气处理、回收装置。主要技术指标及条件要求一、技术指标H2S脱除精度≤0.03×10-6,原粒度工作硫容≥15%,原粒度侧压强度≥50N/cm,耐水性:水煮2h、浸泡24h不粉化。二、条件要求空速1000～20…     

TiO2光催化氧化的研究进展

概述了TiO2光催化氧化降解水中污染物的原理及TiO2光催化剂的制备，提出了增强其活性的途径。TiO2光催化氧化可应用于印染、农药、造纸等工业废水及饮用水处理中，研制高效的负栽型纳米TiO2光催化剂、解决太阳能利用问题、开发多功能光催化反应器是今后TiO2光催化氧化的发展趋势。     

遂宁市环境空气中SO2时空分布特征研究

本文采取环境质量监测工作中被动采样法,具有适用性强、地域范围广、使用周期长的特点,按照遂宁市辖区内16km×16km均匀网格布点,开展了为期一年的大气中SO2研究,分析区域内SO2浓度时空变化,以图形化方式表达.研究表明:整个遂宁市辖区范围内SO2浓度整体水平不高;不同时间、不同区域内的SO2浓度差异较大,秋冬高、春夏低;工业集中区浓度较高;受常年主导风向西北风以及污染源整体布局的综合影响,辖区范围内SO2浓度呈现西北低、东南高的趋势.     

O3/H2O2协同催化处理煤化工高盐有机废水的研究

煤化工高盐废水中有机物的处理是废水零排放项目能否成功运行的关键性因素,制备了一种铁基活性炭催化剂,并采用O₃/H₂O₂协同催化技术处理煤化工高盐废水,可以显著提高废水中有机物的处理效果。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、穆斯堡尔谱、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对催化剂进行表征,考察处理工艺、氧化剂加入量和反应时间对废水中有机物去除效果的影响,评价催化剂的稳定性和催化性能。结果表明,本催化剂用于O₃/H₂O₂协同催化处理煤化工高盐有机废水时,TOC去除率提高至54.41%;连续稳定运行1800 h后催化剂的催化活性基本保持不变。提供的催化剂及O₃/H₂O₂协同催化工艺可以高效处理煤化工高盐废水中的有机物,解决废水零排放项目中的难点,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

TEA滤膜挂片测定NO2用于山东省城市空气监测优化布点的研究

采用TEA滤膜挂片测定空气中NO2相对浓度的无动力采样方法，实验结果表明：TEA挂片可以反映环境空气中NO2的浓度水平，精密度较好，无需仪器、设备投入，应用于山东省15城市环境空气监测优化布点的网格实测，效果理想。     

UV/H_2O_2高级氧化技术在水处理中的研究进展

本文主要讨论了UV/H2O2高级氧化技术去除有机物的机理,在有机废水、饮用水处理中的应用进展。UV/H2O2工艺对水中生物难降解的有机污染物具有很好的处理效果,其主要影响因素包括污染物的初始浓度、紫外光波长及强度、H2O2投加浓度、pH、光照时间、浊度、水中存在的阴离子等。     

光助氧化技术在水处理中应用

对UV／H2O2技术、UV／O3技术、UV／O3／H2O2技术、photo—Fenton技术以及UV／TiO2技术进行了总结,对不同技术的原理、研究进展及应用进行了评述,并对今后光助氧化技术的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

高效生物滴滤塔处理化工污水含H2S恶臭气体实验研究

以化工污水水解酸化池收集的现场恶臭气体作为实验气体,以陶粒、半软性塑料作为生物滴滤塔的填料,探讨了生物滴滤塔挂膜过程阻力变化和H2S气体脱除率关系,并以生活污水为营养液进行了连续实验.实验研究表明：在所选实验条件下,为使H2S出口浓度达到0.06mg/m^3,生活污水COD应维持250mg/L以下,SO4^2-浓度＜1400mg/L.     

降低SnO2基CO气敏材料工作温度的方法

本文简要说明了SnO2的结构及其对CO的气敏原理。针对SnO2基CO气敏材料工作温度较高、能耗较大的缺点，提出了降低其工作温度的几种方法：扩大比表面积、掺入适当的杂质和添加适当的催化剂。     

Power generation with CO2 capture: Technology for CO2 purification

The goal of this paper is to find methodologies for removing a selection of impurities (H₂O, O₂, Ar, N₂, SO_x and NO_x) from CO₂ present in the flue gas of two oxy-combustion power plants fired with either natural gas (467 MW) or pulverized fuel (596 MW). The resulting purified stream, containing mainly CO₂, is assumed to be stored in an aquifer or utilized for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Focus has been given to power cycle efficiency i.e.: work and heat requirements for the purification process, CO₂ purity and recovery factor (kg of CO₂ that is sent to storage per kg of CO₂ in the flue gas). Two different methodologies (here called Case I and Case II) for flue gas purification have been developed, both based on phase separation using simple flash units (Case I) or a distillation column (Case II). In both cases purified flue gas is liquefied and its pressure brought to 110 atm prior to storage.Case I: A simple flue gas separation takes place by means of two flash units integrated in the CO₂ compression process. Heat in the process is removed by evaporating the purified liquid CO₂ streams coming out from both flashes. Case I shows a good performance when dealing with flue gases with low concentration of impurities. CO₂ fraction after purification is over 96% with a CO₂ recovery factor of 96.2% for the NG-fired flue gas and 88.1% for the PF-fired flue gas. Impurities removal together with flue gas compression and liquefaction reduces power plant output of 4.8% for the NG-fired flue gas and 11.6% for the PF-fired flue gas. The total amount of work requirement per kg stored CO₂ is 453 kJ for the NG-fired flue gas and 586 kJ for the PF-fired flue gas.Case II: Impurities are removed from the flue gas in a distillation column. Two refrigeration loops (ethane and propane) have been used in order to partially liquefy the flue gas and for heat removal from a partial condenser. Case II can remove higher amounts of impurities than Case I. CO₂ purity prior to storage is over 99%; CO₂ recovery factor is somewhat lower than in Case I: 95.4% for the NG-fired flue gas and 86.9% for the PF-fired flue gas, reduction in the power plant output is similar to Case I.Due to the lower CO₂ recovery factor the total amount of work per kg stored CO₂ is somewhat higher for Case II: 457 kJ for the NG-fired flue gas and 603 kJ for the PF-fired flue gas.     

水泥窑SO2污染防治的几个问题

研究了几种类型水泥窑ＳＯ２污染状况,及硫在原燃料中存在形式对其逸放的影响。提出开发环保型水泥熟料矿化剂,发展新型干法水泥窑、机主窑废气处理增设水喷淋等有利于防治水泥窑ＳＯ２污染的几点建议     

Treatment of Dichloromethane Using Gliding Arc Plasma

Decomposition of dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) using a gliding plasma was examined and reported in this paper. The effects of initial concentrations of CH₂Cl₂, total gas flow rates, and input frequency have been studied to evaluate the performance of gliding arc on CH₂Cl₂ decomposition. Using atmospheric pressure air as the carrier gas, experimental results indicate that the maximum conversion of CH₂Cl₂ was 95.1% at a total gas flow rate of 180 L/hr containing 1% by volume of CH₂Cl₂. The reaction occurred at an exothermic condition and gaseous products are dominated by CO, CHCl₃, and Cl₂. CO₂ and CCl₄ are also detected in the product stream in small amounts. The conversion of CH₂Cl₂ increases with the increasing applied voltage and decreasing total gas flow rate.     

高含CO2天然气运输管道缓蚀剂的筛选

大多数天然气藏CO2含量为10%~98%,CO2在不同的温度、压力条件下腐蚀极其严重。文章主要针对高含CO2天然气运输管道腐蚀的问题,开展缓蚀剂的筛选,重点开展CO2腐蚀规律研究与实验,评价环境温度、CO2分压、流动速度对腐蚀规律的影响,明确缓蚀剂的影响因素,结合管材的材质,优选评价不同类型的缓蚀剂,缓蚀效率分别为90.53%和92.64%,在管道凝液介质的气相及液相中都有较高的缓蚀效率。通过设计现场加药工艺及制度,监测评价缓蚀剂缓释效果和腐蚀情况,可防止管道运输过程中CO2腐蚀的侵害,长输管线内腐蚀控制良好。     

Water/acid gas interfacial tensions and their impact on acid gas geological storage

Acid gas geological disposal is a promising process to reduce CO₂ atmospheric emissions and an environment-friendly and economic alternative to the transformation of H₂S into sulphur by the Claus process. Acid gas confinement in geological formations is to a large extent controlled by the capillary properties of the water/acid–gas/caprock system, because a significant fraction of the injected gas rises buoyantly and accumulates beneath the caprock. These properties include the water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT), to which the so-called capillary entry pressure of the gas in the water-saturated caprock is proportional. In this paper we present the first ever systematic water/acid gas IFT measurements carried out by the pendant drop technique under geological storage conditions. We performed IFT measurements for water/H₂S systems over a large range of pressure (up to P = 15 MPa) and temperature (up to T = 120 °C). Water/H₂S IFT decreases with increasing P and levels off at around 9–10 mN/m at high T (≥70 °C) and P (>12 MPa). The latter values are around 30–40% of water/CO₂ IFTs, and around 20% of water/CH₄ IFTs at similar T and P conditions. The IFT between water and a CO₂ + H₂S mixture at T = 77 °C and P > 7.5 MPa is observed to be approximately equal to the molar average IFT of the water/CO₂ and water/H₂S binary mixtures. Thus, when the H₂S content in the stored acid gas increases the capillary entry pressure decreases, together with the maximum height of acid gas column and potential storage capacity of a given geological formation. Hence, considerable attention should be exercised when refilling with a H₂S-rich acid gas a depleted gas reservoir, or a depleted oil reservoir with a gas cap: in the case of hydrocarbon reservoirs that were initially (i.e., at the time of their discovery) close to capillary leakage, acid gas leakage through the caprock will inevitably occur if the refilling pressure approaches the initial reservoir pressure.     

纸载P-TiO_2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素研究

本文以牛皮纸作载体,用浸渍法制备了具有光催化作用的纳米P-TiO2光催化剂,对室内一定浓度的甲醛气体进行了降解实验研究。通过实验探讨了甲醛的初始浓度、催化剂的用量、湿度条件、溶胶pH值和金属离子的掺杂5个影响甲醛降解率的因素,结果采用美国interscan公司生产的4160型甲醛分析仪进行表征。实验结果表明,当甲醛的初始浓度约为1.53mg/m3,P-TiO2用量为11.94g,湿度约为52%,溶胶pH=5.01,掺杂6.00mL 0.20 mol/L Cu2＋离子时,甲醛的降解效果最好,最高可达93.50%,甲醛浓度降至0.0994mg/m3,达到了GB/T 18883—2002标准中规定的0.10 mg/m3。     

油漆渣焚烧酸性气体的控制分析

焚烧法能快速去除工业危险废物中的有毒有害成分,但产生的酸性气体如不进行严格控制会引起较严重的二次污染。本文通过对油漆渣的焚烧处理,分别改变温度、过剩空气系数、转轴转速、进料率来调节焚烧炉的运行环境,研究单一工况条件的变化对酸性气体(主要是NOx、SO2)产生的影响,找出适合控制酸性气体(NOx、SO2)产生的最佳工况点。     

软锰矿与氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸收SO2过程中的影响因素

研究了低浓度软锰矿浆与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称 T.f)联合吸收SO2过程中软锰矿浆浓度、T.f菌液量、O2体积分数、气体流量以及SO2进口浓度对硫酸根生成的影响.研究表明:在该体系中,生成的硫酸根浓度随着软锰矿浆浓度、T.f菌液量、O2体积分数以及气体流量的增加而增大;随着进口SO2浓度的增加,硫酸根的生成呈现先增加后减少的趋势.