Towards an integrated approach of disaster and environment management: A case study of Thua Thien Hue province, central Viet Nam

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio era examinar los problemas emocionales y comportamentales de niños refugiados no acompañados que fueron repatriados a Vietnam de los centros de refugiados de Hong-Kong y del Sudeste asiático. Los niños fueron comparados con una muestra emparejada de niños que nunca dejaron Vietnam.Método: La muestra estaba compuesta por un total de 455 niños vietnamitas de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 22 años. Un total de 238 niños habían residido previamente sin sus padres en campos de refugiados. Se recogieron datos aplicando la versión de autoinforme para jóvenes del Achenbach (Youth Self-Report), la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida de Cowen, una escala de Soporte Social y una escala de Exposición al Trauma.Resultados: No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de niños en la puntuación total del YSR. Los niños previamente refugiados tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas que los niños del grupo control en la escala de “problemas de conducta externalizados”. Se observó una tendencia en los niños refugiados a presentar puntuaciones más altas que los niños del grupo control en la escala de “problemas de conducta internalizados”. No se observaron diferencias entre los dos grupos en la eficacia autopercibida, el número de fuentes de apoyo social y las experiencias de apoyo social. Otros análisis mostraron que una interacción significativa entre la condición de inmigrantes de los niños y su percepción subjetiva del actual nivel de vida explicó las diferencias en las puntuaciones en el YSR.Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que la experiencia de vivir sin sus padres en un campo de refugiados no conduce a presentar más problemas emocionales y de conducta en los años posteriores inmediatos a la repatriación.

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation by A.K. Sen
Simplified Building Design for Wind and Earthquake Forces by James Ambrose and Dimitry Vergun. John Wiley, Chichester
Engineering for Protection from Natural Disasters Edited by Karasudhi, Balasubramaniam and Kanok-Nukulchai, Published by John Wiley (1980)
Guidelines for the Safe Handling of Pesticides During their Formulation, Packing, Storage and Transport, Groupement International des Associations Nationales de Fabricants de Produits Agrochemiques (GIFAP) (1982)     

江宁地电新台监测预报效能评价

江宁地电新台于 1996年开始在新台址处正式观测。经 4年的观测资料积累 ,已具备条件对新台的监测预报效能进行评价。评价表明 ,江宁地电新台观测资料可靠 ,观测精度较高。在1996年 11月 9日南黄海MS6 1地震 (Δ396km)和 1997年 7月 2 8日南黄海MS5 1地震 (Δ36 0km)前 ,地电阻率值显示了较好的前兆异常。对台址测区附近 (Δ <10km)发生的ML2 1地震 ,江宁地电新台地电阻率也观测到异常变化。由此可见 ,江宁地电新台具备较好的监测预报效能 ,有望在江苏及南黄海地区的地震监测预报中发挥作用。     

江苏地区地电阻率各向异性度分析

应用地电阻率各向异性度S值计算公式和程序，对江苏地区4个地电台1980～1997年的地电阻率各向异性度S值进行了计算研究分析。 结果表明，S值这一新的电性参数在江苏南黄海2次6级以上地震前存在异常变化。 地电阻率各向异性度S值可以作为一种新的电性参数应用于地震综合预报研究。 在讨论中对S值的定义提出改进的公式，与同仁商榷。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Famine that Kills, by A. de Waal.
The Greening of Aid: Sustainable Livelihoods in Practice edited by: Czech Conroy and Miles Litvinoff.
Manual of Disaster Medicine: Civilian and Military, by N.D. Reis and E. Dolev.     

电力市场管理与负荷分析预测系统的开发应用

针对传统市场管理和分析预测中存在的数据源不完整、预测方法单一、人工汇总分析导致的准确率不高的问题,通过分析对比,采用 B/S 应用模式,J2EE 技术架构和 JAVA 解决方案,开发了电力市场管理与负荷分析预测系统,实现了海量数据的有序整合优化和负荷需求的科学预测。应用结果表明:该系统信息分类及管理完善、负荷预测模型先进、有效提高了预测准确率和工作效率,达到了为电力生产、经营提供辅助决策的预期目标。     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
HUNGER and DISEASE: STUDIES BY THE JEWISH PHYSICIANS IN THE WARSA W GHETTO:Myron Winick, John Yudkin
BOTSWANA SOCIETY(1979) SYMPOSWM ON DROUGHT IN BOTSWANA:Randall Baker
SANITA TION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:Ken Grant
EARTHSHOCK
AUXILIARIES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE:Christine Hogg
THE U.S. GOVERNMENT FOREIGN DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAM. WASHINGTON, D.C.
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Tim Dyson, Population and Food: Global Trends and Future Prospects
R. S. J. Sparks, M. I. Bursik, S. N. Carey, J. S. Gilbert, L. S. Glaze, H. Sigurdsson and A. W. Woods, Volcanic Plumes
Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine
Dali L. Yang, Calamity and Reform in China: State, Rural Society and Institutional Change Since the Great Leap Forward     

宁夏地区电动汽车换电定价建议

为推动电动汽车充、换电网络的建设和发展,通过分析宁夏地区汽车市场能耗型式及水平,综合考虑了不同的能源补给方式,提出了宁夏电动汽车换电定价建议。分析结果表明:随着电池技术的不断进步,电动汽车能耗成本进一步下降,电动汽车市场占有率将达到一定规模,预期5~7年后,电动汽车换电价格可以不依靠政府补助参与市场竞争。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
World Disasters Report, 1994, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Disaster Evacuation and the Tourist Industry, by Thomas E. Drabek.
Agents of Apocalypse: Epidemic Diseases in the Colonial Philippines, by Ken de Bevoise.
Patterns of China's Lost Harmony: A Survey of the Country's Environmental Degradation and Protection by Richard Louis Edmonds.
Women and Conflict, edited by Helen O'Connell.
Famine and Food Security in Ethiopia: Lessons for Africa by Patrick Webb and Joachim von Braun.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Coping with Uncertainty in Food Supply , edited by I. de Garine and G.A. Harrison.
Disabled Persons & Earthquake Hazards , by Kathleen J. Tierney, William J. Petak and Harlan Hahn.
McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of the Geological Sciences     

长江中下游 南黄海地震带地震活动趋势分析

对长江中下游 南黄海地震带地震活跃期、幕划分及其发展趋势进行了研究,对江苏及其邻区今后几年的地震大形势及重点危险区进行了判定。分析认为,长南带从１９７１年以来进入第二活跃期的第３幕,该幕地震活动将持续到２０１０年前后,最高活动水平为６．５级左右。今后几年江苏东部至南黄海海域发生５～６级或６级以上地震的可能性较大。     

The relief operation in puno district, peru, after the 1986 floods of lake titicaca

The 1985-86 rainy season in Peru was disastrous due to very high precipitation. Because of the unusual level of floods in the Lake Titicaca area and the increasing number of affected people, the Peruvian Government established an emergency relief plan and appealed for international aid. At that time the situation was already very critical. The lack of preparedness made the implementation of the relief operation difficult. Our paper describes the intervention of a French N.G.O. (Médecins Sans Trontières), requested by the Peruvian authorities. The early phase of the relief programme and its methodology are described. Problems within this relief programme and the further long-term development action that should be undertaken are discussed.
Au Pérou, la saison des pluies 85–86 a été catastrophique par l'importance des précipitations. Au cours des premiers mois de l'année 1986, devant l'ampleur inhabituelle des inondations dans la région du lac Titicaca et le nombre sans cesse croissant de sinistrés, le gouvernement pbruvien décide de mettre en route un plan national de secours d'urgence enfaisant appel à l'aide internationale. Mais la réponse est déjá tardive et le manque de mesures préventives fait que l'organisation des secours se heurte à un grand nombre de difficultés. Notre étude se situe dans le cadre de l'intervention d'une organisation non gouvernementale européenne, sollicitée par le gouvernement péruvien pour une collaboration dans la phase des premiers secours à cette population. Les problémes posés lors de cette opération et la suite à donner à l'assistance a moyen et a long terme sont discutés.     

Australia's organized response to natural disaster: Background and theoretical analysis

An analysis of organizations involved in response to disaster within Australia is offered. The location of these key organizations within the existing institutional framework, and a discussion of the functions of each, together with the relationships between them is provided. Particular emphasis is placed on the location and role of the State and Territory Emergency Service organizations (S/TES's) within this organizational network. The paper suggests there are a number of constraints that operate upon the S/TES's which prejudice both the effectiveness of this organizational type and that of the entire organizational network. These constraints are analyzed in terms of power and influence variables. The outcome of this discussion is the development of a taxonomy of Australia's counter-disaster organizations that is based on: (1) the ability of individual organizations within the network to determine the role which it will perform; and (2) the potential of the organization to influence the direction of the network.     

9-21台湾M_S7.6大地震的启示

1999 年9 月21 日台湾南投发生MS7 .6 强烈地震,造成生命财产的严重损失。两岸同胞骨肉相连,我们在深切关注这次地震的同时,也从中得到启示:1- 沿此次发震断层车笼埔断层一线构筑物毁坏极为严重,由此可见,城市建设和居民安家应尽力避开活断层。2- 必须加强构筑物的抗震设防,各类建设项目必须有规范的抗震设计、专业的施工监理和严格的验收程式。3- 抗震救灾工作中应注重高科技成份的投入和救灾队伍的训练有素。     

Build back better: implementation in Victorian bushfire reconstruction

The ‘build back better’ (BBB) concept signals an opportunity to decrease the vulnerability of communities to future disasters during post‐disaster reconstruction and recovery. The 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia serve as a case study for this assessment of the application of core BBB principles and their outcomes. The results show that several BBB measures were successfully implemented in Victoria and are relevant for any post‐disaster reconstruction effort. The BBB initiatives taken in Victoria include: land‐use planning determined by hazard risk‐based zoning; enforcement of structural design improvements; facilitated permit procedures; regular consultations with stakeholders; and programmes conducted for social and economic recovery. Lessons from the Victorian recovery urge the avoidance of construction in high‐risk zones; fairness and representativeness in community consultations; adequate support for economic recovery; the advance establishment of recovery frameworks; and empowerment of local councils.     

The Syrian refugee crisis: how local governments and NGOs manage their image via social media

This study, based on situational crisis communication theory and set in the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, seeks first to conduct a comparative analysis of the management of online citizen engagement by local governments and non‐governmental organisations (NGOs). Second, it aims to examine the relationship between certain factors pertaining to the types of responses submitted by citizens via the social media of the aforementioned actors. The sample is composed of several Spanish local governments and NGOs belonging to Red de Municipios de Acogida de Refugiados (Local Government Network for Refugee Allocation). The main findings are that NGOs' online engagement with citizens is more than that of local governments. Notably, NGOs are much more active on their Facebook pages than are local governments. The two actors converge, though, in terms of disseminating instructive information and paying less attention to ‘basic crisis response options’. Moreover, the factors ‘content type’, ‘reputation’, and ‘woman’ affect the type of response messages sent by citizens.     

Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air at Four Residential Locations in Seoul, Korea

To investigate the environmental behavior of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban areas, their concentrations were measured at four urban monitoring sites (namely, N, S, E, and W) in Seoul, Korea (February to December 2009). A total of 27 compounds were quantified that consist of four chemical groups: aromatic (AR), halogenated aromatic, halogenated paraffin, and halogenated olefin. Results were evaluated by focusing on these four functional groups just mentioned and their summation term as total VOC (TVOC) along with several individual species (mainly AR species, that is, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene). The highest concentration of chemical groups was found from AR (71.1±42.1?ppbC), while that for individual species confirmed the dominance of toluene (7.48±3.88?ppb). The analysis of spatial distribution indicated that high TVOC levels were recorded at sites N and W, while it was not so significant such as S and E in terms of TVOC budget. Seasonal variation of these VOCs was characterized by the peak values in December to reflect the combined effects of pronounced source activities and meteorological conditions. Analysis of spatial variations in VOC levels between the four urban sites indicated that their distributions are tightly affected by local source processes in each area.     

烟气排放连续监测系统检测与比对分析

针对某发电厂2号机组大修后脱硫效率降低的问题,对脱硫设备进出口烟气连续排放监测系统(Continuous Emission Monitoring System,CEMS)进行检测和比对分析,提出改进措施。结果表明:2号机组脱硫效率降低的原因为CEMS监测不具代表性和工艺控制问题。