反渗透技术在电厂除盐水处理中的应用

结合天津第一热电厂给水处理技改工程实例，分析在利用河水作为电厂锅炉补给水的除盐工艺中反渗透系统主要参数的设计和需要注意的事项，为电厂除盐水处理设计提供参考。     

聚合物对反渗透处理水系统中硅垢的控制

结垢是反渗透水处理过程中经常遇到的问题,硅垢尤其难以处理.介绍了硅垢的形成及危害,通过加入微量聚合物抑制结垢,并采用电镜及EDX图对膜表面硅垢进行了分析.试验表明添加上述聚合物能有效阻止硅垢形成.     

Dow化学公司采用水处理技术使页岩气污水再生利用

正美国Dow化学公司采用超滤与反渗透技术,可将美国德克萨斯州页岩气水力压裂开采现场产生的回注水和油污染水通过净化再生利用。由于该地区水源不足、土壤干燥,回注水和油污染水的再生利用受到好评。Dow公司的子公司在该地区采用超滤技术和反渗透技术制造的可移动水处理装置"HIPPO"已开始投入使用。该装置可以把在开采现场产生的油     

污泥为主要原料制成的过滤吸附材料

该发明涉及一种污泥为主要原料制成的新型过滤吸附材料在回用水处理中的应用。为了解决现有回用水处理中一些过滤吸附材料价格较高、化学需氧量和氨氮出水指标低的问题，该发明在处理回用水过程中：（1）利用该过滤吸附材料在曝气生物滤池中采用下向或上向流方式对回用水进行处理，此时曝气强度保持在溶解氧质量浓度为2—4mg／L，8—20d形成生物膜。     

高效反渗透工艺处理电厂废水

采用“机械加速澄清—重力式过滤—离子交换—除碳—高效反渗透” 工艺处理某电厂废水,将反渗透产水作为冷却塔补水。运行结果表明：弱酸阳离子交换器出水碱度≤0.10 mmol/L、硬度≤0.02 mmol/L、浊度≤0.2 NTU,满足高效反渗透对进水水质的要求;高效反渗透产水浊度<0.1 NTU,COD_Mn≤0.08 mg/L,硬度≤1.12 mg/L,碱度≤8.40 mg/L,ρ（总铁）<10 μg/L,ρ（总硅）<0.5 mg/L,电导率<45 μS/cm,出水水质满足回用要求。针对该系统存在的自用水率高、过滤器污堵以及水量不平衡等问题提出了相应的建议。     

低温低浊微污染地表水处理工艺探讨

结合天津第一热电厂给水处理技改工程实例，针对海河水质具有的微污染、低温低浊、富营养化特点，对采用反渗透预脱盐系统的预处理工艺进行分析探讨，并对目前预处理设施改造方案的可行性方案提出建议，为类似工程工艺设计提供参考。     

双膜技术在炼化厂清净废水回用工程中的应用

在水资源紧缺和水污染日益严重的今天,针对某炼化厂的清净废水,实施了"预处理+超滤+反渗透"的深度处理工艺。实践证明该法具有出水水质好、运行稳定、能耗低的特点,本项目的成功实施,实现了节约用水和保护环境的双重目的。     

电厂锅炉补给水系统中反渗透装置清洗的探讨

通过对锅炉补给水处理系统中反渗透装置的多次化学清洗,结合水质条件和运行实际情况,提出反渗透膜清洗药品选型和反渗透膜清洗措施,并对反渗透装置运行及清洗存在的问题进行了总结,为同类清洗反渗透装置在运行效果、清洗效果以及延长膜运行寿命方面提供参考。     

锅炉化学清洗废液的反渗透处理

主要介绍锅炉化学清洗废液反渗透处理技术方法、工艺流程及应用实例。     

有机阳离子絮凝剂PDA用于处理印染废水

印染废水主要含有染料、浆料、助剂、酸碱、纤维杂质及无机盐等 ,具有成分复杂、高浓度、高色度、难降解等特点。该类废水的治理首先要解决脱色问题 ,目前常用的脱色处理方法有中和法、氧化法、吸附法、反渗透法、混凝法等。有机阳离子絮凝剂PDA是一种新型、多功能性高分子聚合物 ,与其他阳离子聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂相比 ,具有阳离子单元结构稳定、高效、无毒、使用不受 pH变化的影响等优点 ,广泛用于石油开采、造纸、纺织印染、日用化工及水处理领域。南京理工大学化工学院将PDA应用于处理经生化、未经生化处理的活性染料和分散染料的印染…     

多介质过滤-超滤-反渗透法深度处理废水的工艺改进

针对某厂多介质过滤-超滤-反渗透(MMF-UF-RO)废水深度处理工艺发生污堵的问题, 采用在MMF装置前加入NaOH混凝沉淀的改进工艺代替加入聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂的原工艺.模拟原工艺水样的初始UF膜通量较低,过滤后UF膜通量下降35%左右;模拟改进工艺水样的初始UF膜通量较高,且UF膜通量基本无变化.改进工艺UF装置出水中除SiO_2外,其他物质的质量浓度远小于原工艺UF装置出水,可有效改善RO装置的进水水质.改进工艺的MMF和UF的运行稳定性均明显优于原工艺.     

循环冷却水系统中物质的转化规律及提高浓缩倍率的措施

介绍了城市污水处理厂二级出水回用于循环冷却水系统时,系统中几种物质的转换以及不同浓缩倍率对铜试片的腐蚀速率。采用混凝＋超滤＋反渗透的旁路系统工艺,降低循环水系统中物质的浓度,可以使系统的浓缩倍率达到4。     

炼油外排废水回用试验

针对某炼油厂的废水场二沉池出水,先后采用曝气生物滤池和超滤工艺进行深度处理.试验结果表明,在曝气生物滤池中投加专性微生物菌种、曝气生物滤池HRT为2h、COD去除负荷为0.36 kg/( m3·d)、超滤膜通量为50L/(m2·h)的条件下,出水中的ρ(油)为0.8 mg/L、COD为57 mg/L、ρ(氨氮)为0.2 mg/L.出水水质达到Q/SH0104-2007《炼化企业节水减排考核指标与回用水质控制指标》,可回用于循环水的补水.     

EDI系统调试关键因素分析

通过EDI系统实际工程调试和数据分析,探讨了UF＋二级RO＋EDI系统作为锅炉补给水的可靠性,试验结果发现出水压差及预处理CO2去除率是决定EDI系统稳定运行的关键因素。     

Terrestrial physical and chemical processes for liquid waste treatment

Experiences gained from full-scale evaluation of advanced treatment processes used for reclaiming wastewaters should help in the evaluation of potential treatment systems for treatment and reuse of water in space. Water Factory 21 is a 0.66 m³s⁻¹ (15 million gallons per day) water reclamation plant in California that has been in operation since 1976. The plant receives biologically treated wastewater. Lime treatment is effective for removal of heavy metals. Volatile organic constitutes are efficiently removed by air stripping. Non-volatile organic constituents are removed by activated carbon adsorption and reverse osmosis (RO). RO is a highly effective polishing step, and removes most of the remaining materials including inorganic salts, heavy metals, and organics. RO removed 85% of the total organic carbon, down to about 1 mg 1⁻¹, which is lower than in many treated drinking waters. The series of treatment processes used insured virus and pathogen removal, with lime treatment and chlorination together proving highly effective. Sufficient data has been collected to provide statistically reliable confidence limits to be set on the performance of each unit process.     

Advanced physico-chemical treatment experiences on young municipal landfill leachates

In this study, Membrane Filtration (UF+RO), Struvite (MAP) precipitation and ammonia stripping alternatives were studied on biologically pre-treated Landfill Leachate. The results indicated that the system including the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR) and Membrane Reactors (UF+RO) has been offered as an appropriate treatment alternative for young landfill leachates. This system provided high removals of COD, colour and conductivity (>98-99%). For ammonia removal, struvite precipitation was applied at the stoichiometric ratio (Mg:NH4:PO4=1:1:1) to anaerobically pre-treated raw landfill leachate effluent having an influent ammonium concentration of 2240 mg/l. Maximum ammonium nitrogen removal was observed as 85% at pH of 9.2. In ammonia stripping following 2 h of aeration, the removal was 72% at pH=12 while the removals were around 20% at pH=10 and pH=11. When membrane reactor, and struvite precipitation or ammonia stripping was applied to anaerobically pre-treated effluents, the results indicated that each system could be used as an appropriate post-treatment option for young landfill leachates. In economic aspect, ammonia stripping was found as the cheapest alternative with high ammonium removal. However, when both high COD and ammonium removals were to be achieved membrane technology such as UF+RO (SW) could be considered as the most appropriate system due to the fact that COD removal could be obtained very low by ammonia stripping.     

炼油废水体系中超滤膜表面污染物的剖析

分别采用扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱仪对炼油废水体系中超滤膜表面污染物进行了形貌观测和元素组分含量分析,并研究了炼油废水中Fe、Si和Al含量对超滤膜表面形态和污染物组成的影响.实验结果表明:超滤膜表面的主要污染物为Ca,Fe,Si,Al,Mg的化合物形成的凝胶,元素含量大小顺序为Fe＞ Ca＞ Si＞ Mg＞ Al;随...     

煤化工企业高盐废水的“零排放”技术

采用“混凝沉淀-微滤-组合反渗透”工艺对某煤化工企业的高盐废水进行浓缩处理,浓水通过蒸发结晶进行脱水,产水采用常规反渗透进行水回收。运行结果表明,经30 d运行,水回收率保持在85%以上,脱盐率稳定在95%以上,常规反渗透产水水质稳定,产水电导率、浊度、Cl^-质量浓度和COD的平均值分别为12.5 μs/cm,0.1 NTU,7.8 mg/L,1.8 mg/L,满足《炼化企业节水减排考核指标与回用水质控制指标》（Q/SH0104-2007）中污水回用于循环冷却水的水质指标和设计产水水质要求,实现了废水的近“零排放”。     

Optimization of conventional Fenton and ultraviolet-assisted oxidation processes for the treatment of reverse osmosis retentate from a paper mill

According to current environmental legislation concerned with water scarcity, paper industry is being forced to adopt a zero liquid effluent policy. In consequence, reverse osmosis (RO) systems are being assessed as the final step of effluent treatment trains aiming to recover final wastewater and reuse it as process water. One of the most important drawbacks of these treatments is the production of a retentated stream, which is usually highly loaded with biorecalcitrant organic matter and inorganics; and this effluent must meet current legislation stringent constraints before being ultimately disposed. The treatment of biorefractory RO retentate from a paper mill by several promising advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) - conventional Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalysis - was optimized considering the effect and interaction of reaction parameters; particularly using response surface methodology (RSM) when appropriate (Fenton processes). The economical cost of these treatments was also comparatively assessed. Photo-Fenton process was able to totally remove the COD of the retentate, and resulted even operatively cheaper at high COD removal levels than conventional Fenton, which achieved an 80% reduction of the COD at best. In addition, although these optimal results were produced at pH=2.8, it was also tested that Fenton processes are able to achieve good COD reduction efficiencies (>60%) without adjusting the initial pH value, provided the natural pH of this wastewater was close to neutral. Finally, although TiO(2)-photocatalysis showed the least efficient and most expensive figures, it improved the biodegradability of the retentate, so its combination with a final biological step almost achieved the total removal of the COD.     

催化臭氧氧化—好氧生化—膜分离组合工艺处理砷化镓生产废水的工程应用

为了解决砷化镓生产废水含有磷酸盐、氟化物、砷化物以及难沉降亚微米级悬浮物的处理难点,首先采用催化臭氧氧化—好氧生化深度预处理废水,再采用RO膜分离工艺进行处理。结果表明：催化臭氧氧化法使废水中亚微米级悬浮物脱稳,有利于悬浮物的混凝沉降,并优化了膜分离阶段的分离环境,可延长膜使用寿命,降低运行成本;经过膜分离后,出水砷质量浓度为0.01 mg/L,氟质量浓度为1.0 mg/L,COD、TP、TN和ρ（NH₃-N）为10,0.01,0.50,0.50 mg/L,均达到《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅲ类水质标准。