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新疆油田C井区是典型的含硫化氢区块,其中含硫化氢最高的井浓度达到了12 521.30mg/m3。高硫化氢含量带来高生产风险,且C井区所在地属于环境敏感区域。文章主要针对C井区含硫化氢油田油气集输系统的安全运行评价技术展开研究,应用安全系统工程原理和分析方法,对C井区油气集输系统发生硫化氢泄漏进行预危险性分析,对该井区人员硫化氢中毒进行事故树分析,对负压闪蒸除硫工艺进行风险评价。通过安全评价研究,可较准确地把握井区油气集输系统安全运行的控制指标和运行参数,有效杜绝污染事故的发生。 相似文献
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文南油田注水管线防污染清洗技术研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对文南油田注水管线内壁结垢对油田注水的危害,以及管线常规清洗中存在的环境污染和硫化氢中毒问题,进行了注水管线防污染清洗技术的研究。通过分析消除硫化氢的反应机理,配制了三种常规清洗剂和两组硫化氢抑制剂,并将清洗剂与抑制剂复配后进行脱垢实验,从而优选出最佳复配剂(MF-1-B),经过现场试验,排酸口空气中硫化氢浓度为3~5mg/m3。防污染清洗技术的开发应用使文南油田注水管网得到了及时、全面的清洗,水质达标率由清洗前的30%上升到100%。 相似文献
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油气田开发中硫化氢产生机理和防治研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
文章概括总结了油气田开发生产中硫化氢的产生机理,论述了防治硫化氢的化学法、生物法和物理法,指出了油气田开发中硫化氢防治工作目前所存在的问题及今后的发展方向。提出加强现有各种方法的综合运用、开发新的防治方法,以及硫化氢防治措施的成套化、规范化、安全化是今后硫化氢防治工作的重要发展方向。 相似文献
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针对镇X区原油开发过程中硫化氢浓度较高的现状,通过室内实验,研发出硫化氢抑制剂LY-05。分析了LY-05的主剂、助剂的主要成分及性能,测定了其脱硫率、杀菌性能、与其他助剂的配伍性。实验表明:当LY-05的投加浓度≥800 mg/L时,脱硫率90%,杀菌率为100%,该硫化氢抑制剂与清蜡剂、破乳剂、杀菌剂、阻垢剂、缓蚀剂等助剂配伍性良好,不影响其他助剂的性能。在镇X区5口油井现场应用表明:该硫化氢抑制剂具有较好的硫化氢治理效果,投加后油井硫化氢浓度全部降至10 mg/m~3以下,脱硫率≥96.0%。 相似文献
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光助氧化技术在水处理中应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对UV/H2O2技术、UV/O3技术、UV/O3/H2O2技术、photo—Fenton技术以及UV/TiO2技术进行了总结,对不同技术的原理、研究进展及应用进行了评述,并对今后光助氧化技术的研究方向提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: Drinking of arsenic‐contaminated tubewell water has become a serious health threat in Bangladesh. Arsenic contaminated tubewells are believed to be responsible for poisoning nearly two‐thirds of this country's population. If proper actions are not taken immediately, many people in Bangladesh will die from arsenic poisoning in just a few years. Causes and consequences of arsenic poisoning, the extent of area affected by it, and local knowledge and beliefs about the arsenic problem — including solutions and international responses to the problem — are analyzed. Although no one knows precisely how the arsenic is released into the ground water, several contradictory theories exist to account for its release. Initial symptoms of the poisoning consist of a dryness and throat constriction, difficulty in swallowing, and acute epigastric pain. Long‐term exposure leads to skin, lung, or bladder cancer. Both government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh, foreign governments, and international agencies are now involved in mitigating the effects of the arsenic poisoning, as well as developing cost‐effective remedial measures that are affordable by the rural people. 相似文献
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根据大港油田12井综合废水的污染特征,提出了"混凝-内电解-H2O2氧化"三步处理的方法。实验结果表明:三步法处理后可以使原水的CODcr从4930mg/L降低到128mg/L,去除率达到97%。处理后水质达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准要求。 相似文献
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用硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯离子时,存在S~2-、SO_3~2-、S_2_O_3~2-的干扰,原用H_2O_2消除干扰,但滴定到达终点后,颜色不太稳定,为此,我们采用过硫酸钾氧化法进行消除干扰的试验。实践证明,该方法对消除上述干扰物是可行的,对测定石油勘探开发废水中氯离子时消除干扰是适用的。 相似文献
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石油石化行业工艺复杂,存在的有害因素种类繁多,一旦发生急性中毒其涉及面广、影响大,有时可造成严重危害。文章较为详细地介绍了该行业存在的主要有毒物质以及发生急性中毒事故的必要条件和特点,阐述了有毒物质侵入人体的途径主要为直接接触或通过呼吸,最后针对一般情况、吸入性中毒、直接接触造成危害的情况介绍了相应的现场急救处理措施。 相似文献
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We sent out a targeted questionnaire to organizations and private individuals across the UK that have expressed an interest
in squirrel management and conservation. Respondents were asked to evaluate shooting, trapping, poisoning and immunocontraception
(IMC), according to their perceived efficacy, cost efficiency, and whether they were considered to be humane. The majority
of both professionals and enthusiasts indicated support for grey squirrel control to help conserve red squirrels and to reduce
economic damage to timber crops. Respondents\' comparative evaluations of current forms of control showed that trapping is
the most acceptable method. When IMC is compared with the other methods, it was considered to be more humane and acceptable.
In contrast, poisoning was seen as humane or acceptable by the fewest respondents. Furthermore, poisoning elicited the greatest
difference in opinion between the professional and enthusiast groups. This difference (34\%) may be interpreted partly as
concern over the type of death that results from poisoning and partly as due to the possibility of poisoning nontarget species.
Our findings indicate a need for more public information regarding secondary poisoning hazards to other species and their
predators. Interest and concern about squirrel control correlated with the overlap between contemporary areas of distribution
of the two species. It is these areas where consultation and education programs about control methods should be targeted.
This research indicates that there would be support for grey squirrel control using IMC from both lay and professional interest
groups. It demonstrates the existence of a sound basis for constructive dialog that can lead to the design and implementation
of acceptable and efficient control strategies. 相似文献