MHZ型离子交换剂处理含Zn^2＋废水

以风化煤为原料制成ＭＨＡ型离子交换剂，对配制的含Ｚｎ＾２＋废水进行处理试验，初步研究了用ＭＨＡ型离子交换剂处理含Ｚｎ＾２＋废水的最佳条件。     

新型高效水处理剂——高铁酸钾及其生产工艺

1 概述高铁酸钾是一种非氯的新型高效饮水消毒剂和水处理剂,对此,国内外均作过较多的报道。例如,高铁酸钾用作饮水消毒剂时,具有杀菌力高、快速,且不产生三氯甲烷等有害成份的特点。试验结果证明,若水源中细菌含量未超过20-30万个/ml时,用浓度6 mg/l的高铁酸钾处理30min,即可基本上将细菌杀死,水中残存的细菌含量小于100个/mL,达到饮用水质的标准。另外,其适用的pH范围比含氯药剂宽,处理后的水无嗅无味,口感好,而且成本也低于其它净水剂。     

络合萃取法分离多元羧酸盐析效应的研究

以丁二酸、柠檬酸为分离对象,三烷基胺为络合剂,正辛醇和甲苯为稀释剂,在25℃条件下进行络合萃取平衡试验,考察了平衡分配系数D随硫酸钠、氯化钠、硝酸钠浓度变化的规律。研究发现,对于丁二酸,D随盐浓度的增大呈上升趋势,影响强弱次序为：硝酸钠、氯化钠、硫酸钠;对于柠檬酸,D随盐浓度的增大呈先减小后上升趋势,在D增大的情况下,其强弱次序同丁二酸。对试验数据进行关联,得到了盐析效应的经验公式。     

新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合在城市污水回用中的应用

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水回用作循环冷却水补充水的工艺,采用新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合进行了动态试验。加入药剂后腐蚀速率为0.00087g/（m^2·h）和0.00116g/（m^2·h）,缓蚀率在80%左右,表明该药剂能较好地控制铜管腐蚀。     

固硫剂制备工艺探讨

探讨了循环流化床锅炉脱硫方法中固硫剂的制备工艺，对几种石灰石破碎设备及工艺进行了分析比较，通过柱磨机粉磨石灰石的工业试验，了解其产品粒度分布，从而择优确定固硫剂制备工艺流程。     

复合絮凝剂XG-1用于工业废水的处理

对利用硅藻土研制出的复合絮凝剂XG－1处理造纸、焦化工业废水进行了研究。试验结果表明：该絮凝剂对造纸、焦化工业废水有很好的处理效果，COD去除率达70％－80％，脱色率大于90％，操作工艺简单，成本低，处理效果优于聚合氯化铝。     

RFS09硫转移剂在催化裂化装置上的工业应用

中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司(海南炼化)催化裂化装置因渣油加氢装置(RDS)换催化剂导致原料油硫含量升高,为避免烟气SO2和外排水COD超标,进行了增强型RFS硫转移剂的工业应用试验.结果表明,当硫转移剂加注量占催化剂系统藏量的4％时,脱硫塔入口烟气SOx脱除率达65.6％,碱液消耗量减少53.4％,外排废水COD基本...     

废纸苯酚液化物合成热固型酚醛树脂

为了提高废纸的附加值,利用废纸苯酚液化物与甲醛在碱性环境中反应,进行热固型酚醛树脂合成实验。通过正交实验确定最优化的树脂化合成工艺为:n(甲醛)∶n(废纸液化物)=2.1,n(氢氧化钠)∶n(废纸液化物)=0.5,合成温度74℃,合成时间3.0h。在此工艺条件下制备的酚醛树脂压制的胶合板达到GB/T9846—2004《人造板及饰面人造板理化性能试验方法》中Ⅰ类胶合板的强度要求。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了微生物絮凝剂的研究及应用进展,包括产生絮凝剂的微生物种类,微生物絮凝剂的性质,微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,影响因素,以及微生物絮凝剂的应用。     

不同类型清水剂处理油田含聚污水的效果对比

考察了阳离子型CWC-14、非离子型NQS-01和阴离子型AQS-08 3类清水剂对油田含聚污水的处理效果,对比了它们的作用特点和絮体性能。实验结果表明:在清水剂加入量350 mg/L、处理温度65℃、搅拌转速300 r/min、搅拌时间5 min的条件下,CWC-14、NQS-01和AQS-08对含聚污水的除油率分别为98.8%、98.0%和99.4%;NQS-01受处理温度、搅拌条件影响较大;CWC-14受污水中聚合物质量浓度影响最大。清水剂的絮体特点与其作用机理有关,CWC-14的絮凝速率最快,起效时间最短,絮体呈黏性大块状;NQS-01的絮凝速率最慢,起效时间最长,絮体呈浮油状;AQS-08的絮凝速率和起效时间适中,絮体呈松散状、流动性好。对比结果表明,非阳离子型清水剂可有效避免油田含聚污水处理过程中的黏性油泥问题。     

Acidic bioleaching of heavy metals from sewage sludge

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the use of controlled bio-acidification prior to land application as a decontamination process to remove heavy metals from sludge. The sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were naturally available in the sludge samples and were activated by providing sulfur and aeration at 28°C–30°C. Activation resulted in bio-acidification to pH 2 within 5–11 days. Successive inoculation of fresh sludges with 5% acidified samples reduced the acidification time to 2–3 days in most samples. Bio-acidification resulted in dissolving significant quantities of heavy metals from all sludge types tested. The maximum solubilization results were: 86%–97% for Ni; 48%–98% for Pb; 26%–71% for Cr; 18%–91% for Zn; 16%–90% for Cu; 7%–60% for Cd. Limited metal solubilization results were observed in the various control samples that accompanied the bio-acidified samples. The leaching results in the control samples were limited to 2%–19% for Ni, 0%–7% for Pb, 0%–5% for Cr, 0.3%–4% for Zn, 0.2%–4% for Cu and 0%–3% for Cd. The results confirmed that Ni and Pb were the easiest metals to dissolve from the various sludge types. On the other hand, the lowest solubilization results were observed for Cu and Cd, and moderate solubilization results were achieved for Cr. The bio-acidification process resulted in moderate gains in terms of improving the suitability of tested sludges for land application. Received: April 19, 1999 / Accepted: November 4, 1999     

Synthesis of Molecular Imprinting Polymers Separating Toluic Acid Isomers (II)

Polymers that can separate toluic acid isomers were synthesized by molecular imprinting technique. Molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) for each isomer of toluic acids (TA) were synthesized using styrene and 4-vinylpyridine (4-Vpy). The adsorption characteristics of TA isomers, salicylic acid (SA), and benzoic acid (BA) on each MIP were investigated. The materials used for polymerization of TA isomers MIPs were adsorbed relatively well. This verifies that the MIPs which can adsorb template selectively were synthesized. In addition, the quantities of adsorbed TA isomers on the TA isomers MIPs and on the control polymer polymerized without template were compared and discussed. The variation of adsorption ability for MIPs with repeated use was investigated, showing excellent reproducibility.     

循环半干法脱硫除尘设备布置于两串联引风机之间的工程实践

介绍了宁夏国电大武口发电厂2×110MW机组脱硫、除尘改造系统的配置形式,通过实际工程应用,分析各种因素对该布置形式脱硫、除尘系统的影响,并对出现的问题提出解决办法,为同类改造工程提供参考。     

紫外光谱结合正交试验设计同时测定水中苯系物

利用正交试验设计,以光谱预处理、特征筛选及多元校正方法为考察因素,每个因素的4种不同方法为水平,确定了水中3种苯系物（苯酚、苯胺及苯甲酸）紫外光谱数据的最佳分析方法,从而建立了其定量校正模型。对于苯酚、苯胺及苯甲酸,其光谱预处理、特征筛选及多元校正分别采用一阶导数+无信息变量消除法（UVE）+偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）,Savitzky-Golay平滑+变量结合种群分析法（VCPA）+PLSR,Savitzky-Golay平滑+移动窗口偏最小二乘法（MWPLS）+PLSR。在独立测试集上3组分的预测误差均方根（RMSEP）分别为0.809 4、0.796 3和0.945 4。水样加标回收实验的回收率为97.79%~103.84%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3%。该方法可作为一种同时测定水中苯系物的简便有效方法。     

燃煤电厂砷排放控制技术研究进展

对煤中砷的赋存状态及煤在燃烧后砷的转化行为进行了分析,并分别从煤的物理洗选、抑制煤中砷元素的挥发、气态砷吸附剂和污控设备协同脱砷等方面,重点论述了国内外对燃煤电厂砷排放控制的最新研究进展。同时提出了控制砷排放的新思路,为今后脱砷技术的进一步研究指明了方向。     

污水处理移动床生物膜反应器悬浮载体研究进展

介绍了移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)中悬浮载体的种类和特性,讨论了对其性能的影响因素,总结了当前悬浮载体改性技术及性能评价的方法,并对后续研究提出了建议。     

Study on integrated management of PCB containing waste and PCB contaminated waste: proposal of new congeners for quantification

In the present study, new congeners were selected for the efficient management of PCB containing waste and PCB contaminated waste, and the applicability of these new indicators was confirmed. As a result, 8 indicator congeners and 4 index peaks which were named “Proposed new method 1” and “Proposed new method 2” were selected. For the assessment of a novel quantitative method, comparative tests using conventional methods were conducted, and the factors for total PCB were calculated for each method. Results from these tests showed that the average values for the factors of CEN/TC19/WG22, DIN 51527, and the test method by the disposal regulation for ocean dumping in Korea were 1.86, 3.47, and 2.52, respectively, while those for the proposed new method 1 and proposed new method 2 were 2.98 and 5.56, respectively. For PCB contaminated waste, the factor was found to be 1.99, 3.42, and 3.02 using the conventional methods, 2.67 using the proposed new method 1, and 5.57 using the proposed new method 2. It is expected that, in accordance with the results of the present study, the management of PCB waste can be integrated, regardless of the type of waste involved.     

Work safety in collection and transport of hazardous wastes

Accident risks in collection and transport of hazardous wastes in Finland were studied using statistical data, safety analysis and compatibility charts. The study material comprised stationary collection sites for hazardous waste, campaigns for collection of hazardous waste and hazardous waste treatment and transport contractors. Systematic investigations were made of different working situations and methods and the equipment for hazardous waste collection and transport. Several deficiencies in work safety were found. The largest number of accidents occurred in handling drums and barrels. The parts of the body injured were mostly the eyes, back and feet. Besides the normal loading and unloading hazards, there were others connected with the characteristics of hazardous waste itself, which are most pronounced during waste sorting. Two kinds of hazardous waste compatibility charts were prepared: one for stationary collection sites and the other for special collecting campaigns of hazardous waste. The promotion of the strict use of protective equipment and clothing was recommended.     

美国炼油厂循环冷却水处理与污水回用现状

介绍了美国炼油厂循环冷却水系统的水质指标及常用的水质稳定技术,简述了美国炼油厂污水回用于循环冷却水的水源和水质要求,论述了市政污水回用的深度处理技术,分析了回用水对炼油厂循环冷却水系统的影响及相应的水处理工艺的调整方法,为我国炼油厂循环冷却水处理及污水回用提供借鉴。     

防风抑尘网设计要点及参数的确定

介绍了堆场起尘、防风抑尘网抑尘的机理和国内外防风抑尘网研究结果,结合实际工程设计的经验,分析了防风抑尘网设计要点和主要参数,提出防风抑尘网设计的意见和建议。