燃煤电厂多环芳烃的生成与控制

多环芳烃（PAHs)对人体健康的危害极大。本文综述了燃煤电厂煤燃烧过程中多环芳烃的生成机理（直接释放，热解合成和高温缩合机理）和影响因素（煤种，温度，锅炉负荷，过剩空气系数，停留时间，钙硫比和一次风/二次风比）。在此基础上介绍了煤燃烧过程中多环芳烃的各种控制技术和方法。     

因子分析—光度法分析多环芳烃混合物

因子分析——光度法对多组分系统的定性和定量分析是一个有效的方法。本文讨论了三个数学模型,开发了计算机程序,测定了萘、菲和蒽三组分系统中各组分的浓度。     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视.污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具.在查阋大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法.     

空气中多环芳烃的研究进展

介绍了国内对大气中气态,颗粒态ＰＡＨｓ的研究概况,室内外空气中ＰＡＨｓ污染与城市交通间的相关性,ＰＡＨｓ总量代表物,硝基ＰＡＨｓ及人体接触ＰＡＨｓ的生物指标。     

多环芳烃的光致毒效应

多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）是一类常见的污染物,过去对其毒性的研究主要集中在生物体内代谢产物的毒效应上。但是近期研究表明紫外光的照射对多环芳烃的毒性具有显著影响,称为ＰＡＨｓ的光致毒效应。本文介绍了多环芳烃在紫外光照射下的急性光致毒作用,致毒作用发生机理及毒性预测的数学模型,同时探讨了ＰＡＨｓ对紫外光致癌性的影响。     

水环境多环芳烃源解析研究进展

城市化和工业化给环境带来的潜在危害引起人们对环境质量的重视。污染物来源解析研究的成果为环境管理提供了有效的工具。在查阅大量文献的基础上,综述了应用于水环境尤其是沉积物中多环芳烃源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型,并初步提出了沉积物中多环芳烃源解析方法。     

南昌市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的来源解析

在南昌市布设5个采样点,分别代表工业区、居住区、交通干线区、商业区以及郊区,于2007年7～8月进行大气PM2.5的采样.根据5个采样点测得的数据,通过因子分析法判断南昌市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的主要来源,再利用多元线性回归法确定各主要来源对多环芳烃的贡献率.结果表明,南昌市多环芳烃的主要来源为车辆排放源、高温加热源、燃煤污染源,对多环芳烃的贡献率分别为37.9%、28.2%、22.0%.     

人工湿地处理系统中多环芳烃的行为

采用Oasis HLB柱固相萃取的前处理技术,以气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC/MS）的分析方法,对我国北方永定河上游黑土洼人工湿地中多环芳烃污染的特征以及分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,该湿地系统以低环数多环芳烃污染为主,其中浓度最高的是菲和蒽,未检出高环数（5环、6环）多环芳烃.通过比较进水和出水的浓度,湿地系统总体上不能有效去除进水中的多环芳烃.但是比较不同工艺单元进出水浓度,复氧、植物根系及微生物等均影响到多环芳烃的去除效果,去除率在28%～65%之间.     

燃煤电厂氮氧化物控制技术与应用

简述了氮氧化物污染造成的危害 ,分别论述了燃煤电厂锅炉中 NOx和 N2 O形成的机理及主要控制技术 ,分析了目前国内电厂主要应用的控制措施及存在的问题 ,并提出研究开发具有自主知识产权的低投资、低运行成本的燃煤电站低NOx燃烧技术是当前急待解决的问题。     

中国燃煤电厂脱硝成本核算与影响因素分析

脱硝电价政策是激励中国燃煤电厂开展NOX减排工作的重要政策工具,制定补贴标准是脱硝电价政策的重要内容。脱硝成本影响脱硝电价,科学核算脱硝成本是脱硝电价政策设计的前提。依据脱硝成本与脱硝电价的关系,综合考虑燃煤电厂进行脱硝设施改造产生的建设成本、运行成本、财务成本以及环境损失成本,构建了脱硝成本核算模型,并结合电厂调研数据,核算出中国燃煤电厂脱硝成本。结果表明,燃煤机组脱硝成本均在1 480万~4 475万元;建设成本与运行成本是脱硝成本的重要组成部分,分别占脱硝成本总量的31%、51%;装机容量、建设类型、脱硝工艺是导致不同机组脱硝成本存在差异的主要原因;燃煤电厂脱硝电价政策的改革在于综合考虑所在区域、装机容量、脱硝工艺、建设类型、脱硝效率等因素的基础上,实行脱硝电价差别补贴政策。     

我国环境介质中多环芳烃的分布及其生态风险

持久性有机污染物多环芳烃(PAHs)在我国环境介质中广泛分布,美国EPA规定的16种.优先控制多环芳烃大多在我国大气、水体、沉积物、土壤和生物体内检出.总结了我国环境介质中PAHs污染水平及特点,分析了其存在的环境风险.我国大气中PAHs污染较重,尤其是北方.水体已普遍受PAHs污染,其中部分水体污染严重;沉积物多环芳烃污染大多处于低生态风险水平,但沉积记录研究表明有越来越严重的趋势.我国土壤和生物体PAHs含量较低,污染生态风险较小.部分区域蔬菜中PAHs含量较高,存在不可忽视的生态风险.     

Assessment of honey contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

The aim of this study was to assess honey contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Six species of honey were examined, as well as rape blossom and soil from villages P?czerzyno and Przybys?aw in West Pomerania, Poland. The instrumental analysis was performed using a HP 6890 gas chromatograph coupled to a HP 5973 mass spectrometer with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Quantification was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using perdeuterated internal standards. Both soil samples showed high levels of all 23 PAHs, whereas honey contained mostly non-carcinogenic PAHs of low molecular weight. The most contaminated honey from P?czerzyno contained 0.24 μg kg-1 benzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, despite low contamination of honey, a positive correlation was found between PAH content in honey, blossom and soil.     

Dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the rhizosphere: Synthesis through meta-analysis

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and persistent organic pollutants with high carcinogenic effect and toxicity; their behavior and fate in the soil-plant system have been widely investigated. In the present paper, meta-analysis was used to explore the interaction between plant growth and dissipation of PAHs in soil based on the large body of published literature. Plants have a promoting effect on PAH dissipation in soils. There was no difference in PAH dissipation between soils contaminated with single and mixed PAHs. However, plants had a more obvious effect on PAH dissipation in freshly-spiked soils than in long-term field-polluted soils. Additionally, a positive effect of the number of microbial populations capable of degrading PAHs was observed in the rhizosphere compared with the bulk soil. Our meta-analysis established the importance of the rhizosphere effect on PAH dissipation in variety of the soil-plant systems.     

微生物降解多环芳烃有机污染物分子遗传学研究进展

多环芳烃是环境中广泛存在的一类难降解危险性致癌污染物 ,微生物酶在降解转化多环芳烃的过程及其归趋中起着重要作用。本文就微生物降解多环芳烃代谢途径的多样性和分子遗传学机制的研究进展进行了综述     

西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价

对西安市2009年6月-2010年5月空气中的总悬浮颗粒（TSP）和气态样品进行了连续采样,利用GC—MS对16种PAHs进行分析。∑PAHs浓度（气相＋颗粒相）范围为39．93～1032．46ng／m^3,平均值为197．34ng／m^3;其中,冬季大气中∑PAHs浓度最大,相对浓度的范围为31．21％～72．98％,而夏季的浓度最小;检测出16种2～6环的PAHs,其中以3—4环为主。利用特征分子比值法和因子分析进行源解析,发现研究区PAHs的主要来源为燃煤和机动车尾气排放。通过苯并（a）芘（BaP）等效毒性（BEQ）和苯并（a）芘等效致癌浓度（BaPE）进行健康风险评价,结果显示,西安大气中PAHs的毒性具有明显的季节差异,特别是秋季和冬季大气中PAHs对人类的健康存在较大的潜在威胁。     

Seasonal and spatial occurrence and distribution of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rural and urban areas of the North Chinese Plain

Passive air sampling (PAS) was employed to study the occurrence of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs in the North Chinese Plain. The averaged concentrations of gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were 485 ± 209 ng/m³ and 267 ± 161 ng/m³, respectively. The PAHs concentrations at urban sites were generally higher than those at rural ones with ratios <1.5 in spring, summer and fall, but differences between them were not significant for the wintertime and annually averaged concentrations. This urban-rural distribution pattern was related to the PAHs emission sources. PAHs spatial variation can be partially (49%) explained by emission with a simple linear regression method. Both the gaseous and particle-bound PAHs were highest in winter and lowest in summer, with winter/summer ratios of 1.8 and 8, respectively. Emission strength was the most important factor for the seasonality.     

紫外光(UV)光解油田采出水中多环芳烃

为了探讨紫外光光解人工模拟油田采出水中多环芳烃的降解效率,利用自制反应装置对油田采出水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的紫外光光解做了一个初步研究。研究结果证明,紫外光光解对油田采出水中的多环芳烃萘和芴有显著的降解能力。实验室的测试表明,与紫外UVA(365 nm)、UVB(308 nm)的光照相比,紫外UVC(254 nm)在光照60 min的条件下,2种多环芳烃各自的去除率都近似达到了99%。可见,在光解效力和暴露时间两方面,紫外UVC对采出水中萘和芴的去除具有相对稳定和比较高的效率。     

柴油机排放多环芳香烃气/颗粒相分配研究

为了对柴油机排放PAHs在气相和颗粒相中的分配进行研究,采用了滤膜串联＂PUF/XAD-2/PUF＂吸附柱的方法采集柴油机排气中的气相和颗粒相PAHs,使用程序升温挥发（PTV）技术结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）方法对PAHs进行了定性和定量分析。所用分析方法重复性的相对标准偏差（RSD）低于6.1%,检出限范围...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated soil: A two-step method for the isolation and characterization of PAHs

A two-step analytical method is developed for the isolation and characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crude oil contaminated soil. In the first step, those crude oil components were isolated which are easily mobilized with water from the contaminated soil (determination of groundwater pollution potential). In the second step, the fraction containing the remaining crude oil compounds was extracted using toluene. After the cleanup of the fractions, both fractions were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC of the toluene extracted fraction shows that along with the sixteen priority pollutants from the US-EPA list, many other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present as well. It is evident from the chromatograms that a significant amount of PAHs are present as is also the case in the fractions eluted by water. The described method allows the determination of total organic pollutants from crude oil, some of them being potential groundwater contaminants. The major part of the total pollutants could not be mobilized by water and therefore remains in the soil, which was extracted in the second step.     

A comparative study on the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Anodonta californiensis

Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the freshwater bivalve mollusc Anodonta californiensis was examined in the presence and absence of surfactant in order to gain further insight into mixture toxicity and to predict whether certain mixtures have negative and/or positive effects on aquatic organisms. In the presence of surfactant, the uptake of anthracene or chrysene was higher than that of naphthalene, given the same concentration in the solution. In the absence of surfactant, the trend was similar, but the uptakes were increased by approximately 100% compared to those in the presence of surfactant. On the uptake of naphthalene, the presence of anthracene showed only minor influence. The uptake of anthracene was affected by both naphthalene and chrysene. The uptake of chrysene was influenced by neither naphthalene nor anthracene. There was no observable displacement of divalent cations from the surface of the gill membrane by any of the PAHs studied.