袋式除尘器在国电九江电厂的应用及其对PM2.5的脱除分析

国电九江发电厂“上大压小”扩建工程2 x 660 MW超超临界燃煤机组配套采用旋转式低压脉冲袋式除尘器,对袋式除尘器进出口烟气中PM2.5、SO2、NO、SO3、氯化物、汞等浓度进行了现场测试,结果表明,该袋式除尘器能有效脱除烟气中的PM2.5,其PM2.5数浓度和质量浓度脱除效率可分别高达98.9%和99.7%,同时还可脱除富集在PM2.5表面的颗粒态汞。     

燃煤电厂袋式除尘技术及其应用

介绍了袋式除尘器应用于燃煤电厂烟气除尘的主要技术特点，重点介绍了确保袋式除尘器具备高可靠性的主要技术措施。     

袋式除尘器的发展及其在燃煤电厂的应用前景

在比较国内外烟尘排放标准的基础上,综述我国袋式除尘技术的发展过程;介绍国外袋式除尘器的应用经验以及国内的差距;提出我国燃煤电厂选择袋多除尘器的必要性、可行性及袋式除尘技术的应用前景。     

电袋复合除尘技术研究

目前电除尘器和袋式除尘器是烟气净化的两种主要设备,电袋复合除尘器是一种高效的除尘技术,它结合两种类型除尘器的优点,并成功的应用于燃煤电厂烟气的净化,其排放浓度可长期稳定在30mg／m3以下。     

袋式除尘器在燃煤电厂应用的技术特点

阐述了燃煤电厂烟气除尘的特点，提出了燃煤电厂采用袋式除尘器选用滤料时应注意的问题和保征除尘系统可靠运行的措施，并介绍了燃煤电厂袋式除尘系统的运行经验。     

GB 13223修订后火电用袋式除尘技术发展状况探讨

《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13223-2003）修订后,将进一步推动袋式除尘技术在火力发电行业烟尘治理方面的应用。总结了袋式除尘技术在火电厂燃煤锅炉应用的状况,分析了＂十二五＂对现有机组改造和新建机组配套的袋式除尘技术投资总额状况,并说明它将是袋式除尘技术实现30%增长率的重要部分;进一步探讨＂十二五＂期间烟尘排放控制将从重设施建设向重控制效果转变,提出了发展袋式除尘器运营管理服务业设想,预测了袋式除尘器运营管理服务的市场容量。     

燃煤机组除尘设施能耗状况及指标评估

针对电力行业燃煤烟气三种主流除尘设施电除尘器、袋式除尘器、电袋复合除尘器,研究了其运行过程中主要组件的能源消耗规律及数据监测方法,提出了除尘设施能耗比对的2个参数,即用电率和比电耗。监测数据和统计表明,同级别机组电除尘能耗低于袋式除尘和电袋复合除尘,比电耗随机组容量变化梯度变化值不显著,除尘设施电源侧技术改进有助于降低除尘设施能耗。     

330MW机组电改电袋除尘器清灰制度优化和喷吹参数设定探讨

分析了电袋复合除尘器袋式除尘单元清灰效果的影响因素,并对某热电厂330MW机组燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器的清灰制度进行了优化。重点对比了优化前后的电袋复合除尘器的清灰频率、清灰周期、运行阻力等参数的大小,优化结果可以作为大型燃煤锅炉电改电袋复合除尘器清灰制度的借鉴。     

新型等离子体同时脱除多种烟气污染物净化系统

燃煤电厂烟气中各种污染物一般是混合在一起的,针对此实际情况将等离子体技术与传统静电除尘器相结合,改传统电除尘器电源为高压直流＋高频高压交流使之达到产生等离子体要求的电源,研制一种同时脱除烟气中PM2.5~PM10和多种气体污染物的新型烟气净化系统。该系统不仅可以同时脱除多种污染物,且不产生二次废弃物,其改造和运行费用均在接受范围内,因此是一种具有应用潜力的系统。     

燃煤电厂锅炉烟气PM10排放控制技术与应用

介绍了目前中国燃煤电厂锅炉烟气微细粒子的污染状况,提出了对微细粒子排放采用袋式除尘的控制技术,并在河南焦作电厂220 MW机组上成功运行20000 h.实践表明,直通均流式脉冲袋式除尘器可以有效控制燃煤电厂锅炉烟气PM10、PM2.5的排放,满足环保新标准的要求.     

撞击流技术在环保领域的应用研究进展

撞击流作为一种过程强化技术,其优势在于能够显著强化相间传递和微观混合,可应用于环保工艺、设备中,以达到提高污染物去除效率的目的。本文在简述撞击流基本原理和特性的基础上,详细阐述了国内外撞击流技术在细颗粒物(PM2.5)脱除、烟气脱硫脱硝、废水处理、废气吸收等方面的应用现状,分析了该技术的应用效果和优势,同时介绍了一种可用于废水处理的新型双组分层式撞击流反应器。最后指出,深入探究撞击流复杂体系的机理以及耦合其他新型技术是未来研究的主要方向。     

Experimental determination of optimum gutter brush parameters and road sweeping criteria for different types of waste

The removal ability of gutter brushes for road sweeping for various debris types and different sweeping parameters is studied through experimental tests. The brushing test rig used comprises two commercial gutter brushes, a concrete test bed, and an asphalt test road with a gutter of 0.25 cm width and 10° slope. The brush-surface contact area is determined by sweeping sand on the concrete test bed. Sweeping problems are identified and discussed, and sweeping criteria for the different debris types are suggested. Also, optimum sweeping parameters are proposed for each debris type. In addition, debris removal mechanisms are discussed and analysed. The results indicate that for large heavy debris such as stones and gravel, it is not difficult to achieve large removal forces, because the steel bristles are relatively stiff. Conversely, high removal forces are not needed for particles of millimetre or micron sizes, but bristle curvature has to be appropriate to remove particles from road concavities. Finally, it is found that mud, especially dry mud on a rough surface, is the hardest debris to sweep, requiring a brush with a large tilt angle and a very large penetration to produce large removal forces.     

Characteristics variation of coal combustion residues in an Indian ash pond.

Coal-fired power plants all over the world are cited as one of the major sources that generate huge quantities of coal combustion residues (CCRs) as solid wastes. Most frequently CCRs are collected through electrostatic precipitators, mixed with bottom ash by hydraulic systems and deposited in ash ponds. The quality of the CCRs at different locations in one of the ash ponds in Central India was evaluated to understand the variation in characteristics with a view to effective utilization. Results revealed that the presence of fine particles (< 50 mocrom) increased with increasing distance from the ash slurry inlet zone in the ash pond. Wide variations in the bulk density (800-980 kg m(-3)), porosity (45-57%) and water-holding capacity (57.5-75.7%) of CCRs were recorded. With increasing distance the pH of the CCRs decreased (from 9.0 to 8.2) and electrical conductivity increased (from 0.25 to 0.65 dS m(-3)). The presence of almost all the heavy metals in CCRs exhibited an increase with distance from the ash slurry discharge zone due to the increase in surface area (from 0.1038 to 2.3076 m2 g(-1)) of CCRs particles. The present paper describes the variation of characteristics of CCRs deposited in the ash pond and their potential applications.     

流化床反应器处理高浓度含氟废水的效率和稳定性

采用小试规模的流化床反应器处理氟质量浓度为500~1 400 mg/L的模拟高浓度含氟废水。以氟化钙颗粒为晶种,以氯化钙溶液为沉淀剂（流量25 L/h）,考察了流化床连续运行过程中沉淀除氟的效率和稳定性。实验结果表明：氟化钙的沉淀反应在30.7 s内即可完成;在废水流量为11~23 L/h、反应pH为7.0~9.0、上升流速为0.005 9~0.013 0 m/s、钙与氟的摩尔比为0.85~1.00的条件下,出水清液中氟质量浓度低于10 mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB 8978—1996）要求。连续运行过程中,流化床沉淀除氟高效稳定,操作条件范围较宽。流化床出水中细颗粒沉淀物的存在会导致氟浓度显著升高,应采取有效措施减少其产生或溢出,以保证沉淀除氟效率。     

Evaluation of entanglement properties of crushed automobile shredded residue and detachment of entrapped particles

Automobile shredded residue is a potential solid fuel when its metal and chlorine-containing parts have been removed. The authors have investigated physical separation of automobile shredded residue to obtain the components that may be used in solid fuel and found that agglomerates of entangling fiber-like components are formed during crushing, making removal of metals and chlorine-containing parts difficult. In this paper, a reattachment ratio, entrapment ratio, and disentanglement ratio are proposed to evaluate the entanglement properties of crushed automobile shredded residue. It is found that products smaller than 16 mm were not reattached easily in the sieving process, and an index based on entanglement properties proposed here is useful to predict suitable crushing conditions. Wet detachment of entrapped particles from agglomerates of entangling materials was also applied to separate particulate matter from crushed ASR.     

凝聚器在提高电除尘效率上的试验研究

细微颗粒物的污染日益受到广泛关注,而常规静电除尘器对微细颗粒物的去除并不是很显著。采用双极荷电凝聚技术对静电除尘器加装凝聚器,并进行中试试验。结果表明,凝聚器凝聚效果明显,不仅有利于除尘效率的提高,更有利于减少细微颗粒物的排放,具有非常重要的工业应用价值。     

Waste tyre rubberized concrete: Properties at fresh and hardened state

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the properties of various concrete mixtures at fresh and hardened state, obtained by a partial substitution of coarse and fine aggregate with different volume percentages of waste tyres rubber particles, having the same dimensions of the replaced aggregate. Workability, unit weight, compressive and flexural strength and post-cracking behaviour were evaluated and a comparison of the results for the different rubcrete mixtures were proposed in order to define the better mix proportions in terms of mechanical properties of the rubberized concrete. Results showed in this paper were also compared to data reported in literature. Moreover, a preliminary geometrical, physical and mechanical characterization on scrap tyre rubber shreds was made.The rubberized concrete mixtures showed lower unit weight compared to plain concrete and good workability. The results of compressive and flexural tests indicated a larger reduction of mechanical properties of rubcrete when replacing coarse aggregate rather than fine aggregate. On the other hand, the post-cracking behaviour of rubberized concrete was positively affected by the substitution of coarse aggregate with rubber shreds, showing a good energy absorption and ductility indexes in the range observed for fibrous concrete, as suggested by standard (ASTM C1018-97, 1997).     

新型旋流除尘器在100万吨/年乙烯装置尾气除尘中的应用

为了去除石化行业乙烯装置裂解炉烧焦尾气中的颗粒污染物,对传统用于气体除尘的旋风分离器进行改进,设计了一种新型旋流除尘器,并将其应用于乙烯装置裂解炉清焦过程中.经新型旋流除尘器处理后,出口气中焦粉颗粒质量浓度基本控制在15 mg/m3以下,符合GB 31570—2016《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的排放要求(≤20 m...     

Physical and chemical properties study of the activated carbon made from sewage sludge

Preparation of activated carbon from sewage sludge is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for pollutants removal as well as to dispose of sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the activated carbon made from sewage sludge so as to give a basic understanding of its structure. The activated carbon was prepared by activating anaerobically digested sewage sludge with 5 M ZnCl2 and thereafter pyrolyzing it at 500 degrees C for 2 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The properties investigated in the present study included its surface area and pore size distribution, its elemental composition and ash content, its surface chemistry structure and its surface physical morphology. Furthermore, its adsorption capacities for aqueous phenol and carbontetrachloride were examined. The results indicated that the activated carbon made from sewage sludge had remarkable micropore and mesopore surface areas and notable adsorption capacities for phenol and carbon-tetrachloride. In comparison with commercial activated carbons, it displayed distinctive physical and chemical properties.     

Heavy Metals Removal by Biosorption and Flotation

The removal of a mixture of heavy (toxic) metal cations (copper, nickeland zinc) from liquid effluents was investigated in this study at pilotscale, using counter-current contact mode. The innovative processinvolved the abstraction of metal ions onto fungal biosorbents, followedby the application of flotation for the subsequent solid/liquid separationof biomass particles. The ability of microorganisms to remove metal ionsfrom aqueous solutions is a well-known phenomenon. Nevertheless,engineering considerations are very important in decisions, concerningthe commercial future of biosorption and practical solutions are neededfor certain problems, such as the efficient post-separation ofmetal-loaded biomass. The two processes (flotation and biosorption) caneffectively operate in combination, in what it was termed biosorptiveflotation process. The sorbents may be recycled, after appropriate elutionof metals, as well as the treated (clean) water.