共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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河流生态系统指示生物与生物监测:概念、方法及发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了河流生物监测的概念、常用指示生物与监测指标、国外相对完善的技术体系及发展趋势。大型底栖动物、着生藻类、鱼类是河流生物监测中最常使用的指示生物,可以单独使用,也可结合使用,详述了这些类群在河流生态系统中的重要地位及用于生物监测的优点。常用的监测指标包括生物多样性指数、生物指数、多参数指数、多变量指数及功能性指数。许多国家和地区(如英国、美国、欧盟等)都已经将生物监测纳入水环境管理系统,并开发出自己的技术体系。未来的河流生物监测中,功能性指数的应用会越来越多,分子技术的介入也会为提高分类辨识度和检测遗传多样性提供更为有效的途径。最后,思考并总结了国内河流生物监测的现状及趋势。 相似文献
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河流水生态环境质量评价方法研究与应用进展 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
河流生态质量的监测和评价是从河流生态系统健康状况的角度对河流质量进行的评价。河流生态健康的评价已经向多要素多指标综合、多种评价方法(预测模型法、生物完整性指数、多要素综合评价)、流域尺度方向发展。该文重点介绍了国外评价体系产生的背景和研究基础,分析了广泛应用的几类评价方法的特点、在不同国家和流域的应用情况以及各方法的应用前景,分析了国内开展河流生态质量评价研究的发展过程、阶段性研究进展和应用案例,并根据目前研究基础评述了我国评价体系现存问题及应用前景,为河流生态质量评价体系的建立及发展方向提供建议和参考。 相似文献
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倪菊香 《环境监测管理与技术》1995,7(3):39-40
沿海受涵闸控制河流的水质模型应用实例倪菊香(江苏省射阳县环境监测站224300)沿海的入海河流绝大部分都是利用涵闸来进行人工控制水位的。由于离涵闸的距离比较近,在开闸与关闸时,河流的水位、流向及扩散等形式与一般的河流略有不同,总体讲有以下特点:一是开... 相似文献
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陈谊 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(5):38-40
分析了南水北调东线水源区近期的生态监测工作重点、生态类型划分、监测指标确定及监测报告的编制,提出水源区近期生态监测应以监测区域生态质量状况和地面监测各生态系统信息指标为主,水源区的湿地生态系统、农村生态系统、农田生态系统、森林生态系统4种生态类型应按照综合性、独立性、可测性、数据可获得性和长期性的原则,分别确定其监测指标和监测频次。对生态监测报告的形式、内容提出了具体要求。 相似文献
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孙蕾 《环境监测管理与技术》2002,14(2):40-41
提出了河流环境关心点的概念,即指河流两岸或河中体现或影响河流环境功能的环境要素与河流某断面相互作用的点。阐述了河流环境关心点与位置定量化之间的关系及编制点位图时应遵循的功能原则、水质原则和边界原则,指出河流环境关心点位图能够比较直观、全观地反映各点位分布情况。以沅江为例,叙述了绘制各环境关心点位的方法。 相似文献
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河流水质监测控制断面设置探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王大力 《环境监测管理与技术》2001,13(4):41-42
对河流水质监测控制断面设置的基本理论和方法进行了探讨。根据河流的控制断面应设在排放口的下游 ,污染物与河水能较充分混合处的原则 ,提出了河流水质监测控制断面的计算公式 :x =0 313uB2 /Ey ,以及其他有关河流水质监测断面设置中应注意的问题 相似文献
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Staton SK Dextrase A Metcalfe-Smith JL Di Maio J Nelson M Parish J Kilgour B Holm E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,88(1-3):283-310
The Sydenham River in southwestern Ontario is located in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, which supports the greatest diversity of flora and fauna in Canada. The river historically supported a rich aquatic community that included 80 fishes and 34 species of freshwater mussels. Fourteen aquatic species native to the river (8 fishes, 5 mussels and 1 turtle) have been designated as endangered, threatened, or of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Canada (COSEWIC). A multi-agency Recovery Team was formed in 1999 to ensure the continued survival of these and other rare species in the river. The Sydenham River Recovery Team is the first in Canada to adopt an ecosystem approach to recovery planning for aquatic species. Information on land use patterns, water quality trends, the physical condition of the river, and the distributions of aquatic species at risk was synthesized to gain an understanding of the overall health of the river and its major anthropogenic stresses. Seven of the species at risk have declined in distribution or abundance, and three may be extirpated. The main threat to fishes and mussels is heavy loadings of sediment, nutrients, and possibly pesticides to the river via tile drainage and overland runoff from agricultural lands. A strategy that incorporates four overall approaches (management, stewardship, research and monitoring, and awareness and outreach) was developed to recover and protect this globally significant freshwater ecosystem. 相似文献
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During the second half of the 20th century, the Ganga River ecosystem has been continuously altered by several ongoing anthropogenic
processes, accommodating multi-dimensional pressure due to increase of nearly four-fold human population. For solution of
any environmental issues of the river, the Earth System Science approach is required to have maximum socio-economic benefits
to millions of people living in Indian and Bangladesh. A bibliography containing more than 250 references on environmental
studies of the Ganga River was prepared to preserve its ecosystem by providing the baseline support in this regard. 相似文献
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南京内秦淮河水污染治理初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对南京内秦淮河东水关至西水关段沿河主要排口的调查,结合对2007—2008年河水断面监测数据的分析对比,查找出当前内秦淮河存在雨污合流、污水截流管径已不能满足需要等主要污染问题,并就河道两岸市政建设,提出初步建议。 相似文献
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苏州河横贯上海中心城区,曾是都市污染河流。为从生态学角度揭示苏州河的污染程度,笔者采用鱼类生物完整性指数(F-IBI)评价了苏州河水生态系统的健康状况。分别于2019年6月4—23日(夏季)和9月14—26日(秋季),租用专业渔船在苏州河13个断面采集样本,共采集到10 102尾鱼类,隶属于8目15科37属45种。以大莲湖为参照点,通过判别分析和关联度筛选,从5大类29个初选指标中筛选出10个指标,构建了苏州河F-IBI评价指标体系。分析结果表明:夏季干流上游的5个断面状况为"极好"或"好",支流3个断面为"好"或"一般",而干流下游的5个断面则为"差"或"极差"。秋季干流上游5个断面和支流3个断面与夏季的健康状况相似,下游断面则有所改善,仅武宁路桥为"极差",其余均为"一般"或"差"。研究显示苏州河上游干流的水生态系统已基本恢复,而上游支流和下游干流还未建立健康稳定的水生态系统。建议苏州河环境综合整治第四期工程要更加注重治理岸上的污染源,同步实施干支流水系的污染治理,定期开展城区段淤泥清理,实施岸线的生态化改造。 相似文献
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水生态监测能够为水生态环境监督、管理和保护提供重要的数据和技术支撑。加强黄河水生态监测,维护流域水生态系统健康,对促进黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。从常规水质监测、生境监测和生物监测3个方面,分析了中国水生态监测方法的研究进展及在黄河流域的应用实践。结合黄河流域水生态监测尤其是生物监测相对滞后的现状,探讨了流域水生态监测的发展方向。建议加快黄河流域水生态监测能力建设,建立适用于黄河流域的水生态监测与评价标准体系,探索新兴监测技术与传统技术的有机结合。 相似文献
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Occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the Haihe River in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The occurrence, distribution and bioaccumulation of 22 antibiotics, including eight fluoroquinolones (FQs), nine sulfonamides (SAs) and five macrolides (MLs), in the Haihe River were investigated. Surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. Ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, erythromycin and roxithromycin were found in all surface water samples. SAs were the predominant antibiotics in surface water samples in the mainstream of Haihe River, with the maximum concentration of 201 ng L(-1) for sulfamethoxazole. Compared with Haihe River, higher concentrations of antibiotics were found in the surface water samples in the Dagu and Chentaizi Drainage Rivers. The antibiotics pollution in the mainstream of Haihe River may derive from its tributaries, whereas the wastewater from fish ponds was not the main source of FQs, SAs and MLs in the river water. In sediment samples, FQs were the most frequently detected antibiotics and their concentrations were much higher than SAs and MLs. The high concentrations and detection frequencies of FQs in sediments indicate that sediments are an important reservoir for FQs as they are strongly adsorbed onto sediments. Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin exhibited potential bioaccumulation in crucian carp, with mean bioaccumulation factors of 3262 L kg(-1) and 4492 L kg(-1), respectively. 相似文献
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Monitoring, assessment and modelling using water quality data in the Saale River Basin, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bongartz K Steele TD Baborowski M Lindenschmidt KE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):227-240
The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the overall driver for this environmental study and currently requires the
identification of patterns and sources of pollution (monitoring) to support objective ecological sound decision making and
specific measures to enhance river water quality (modelling). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate in a case study
the interrelationship between (1) hydrologic and water quality monitoring data for river basin characterization and (2) modelling
applications to assess resources management alternatives. The study deals with monitoring assessment and modelling of river
water quality data of the main stem Saale River and its principal tributaries. For a period of 6 years the data, which was
sampled by Environmental Agencies of the German states of Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, was investigated to assess
sources and indicators of pollution. In addition to the assessment a modelling exercise of the routing of different pollutants
was carried out in the lower part of the test basin. The modelling is a tool to facilitate the evaluation of alternative measures
to reduce contaminant loadings and improve ecological status of a water body as required by WFD. The transport of suspended
solids, salts and heavy metals was modelled along a selected Saale reach under strong anthropogenic influence in terms of
contaminants and river morphology between the city of Halle and the confluence with the Elbe River. The simulations were carried
out with the model WASP5 which is a dynamic flood-routing and water quality model package developed by the US Environmental
Protection Agency. 相似文献