流动注射分光光度法在线分析水中总铁

采用流动注射邻菲哕啉分光光度法在线分析水中总铁,考察了显色剂、消解液、酸度、反应盘管长度、载流流量、注样体积、采样时间等因素对试验的影响。方法在0.100mg／L-10.0mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.04mg／L,实际水样平行测定的RSD≤3.7％,加标回收率为95.0％-96.0％。     

分光光度法测定水体色度的一种新方法

紫外分光光度法测定水体色度的新方法对于铬钴标准色列，色度在10-500度之间，350～600nm波长范围内峰面积与色度呈很好的线性关系，r为0．9999，RSD在0．59％～2．05％，检出限为1度．实际水样的测定结果表明，该方法与目视比色法的结果吻合得很好，较最大波长法更为准确，且方法简单，易于操作．     

分光光度法监测水质项目的斜率和截距

斜率和截距是分光光度法中校准曲线的主要参数,明确斜率和截距的范围值,直接关系到监测结果的准确性。     

差示分光光度法在水质监测中的应用

通过测定高浓度氨氮标准品(GSBZ20005—88)的试验,验证了差示分光光度法在测定高浓度样品时的准确度和精密度,说明差示分光光度法在一定情况下能减少多次稀释所带来的误差,可以快速测定高浓度样品。     

水质总氮、总磷在线自动分析仪的发展现状

对水质总氮和总磷在线自动分析仪的方法原理,主要类型,主要技术特点以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述。     

水质——可溶性硫化物的测定—亚甲基兰分光光度法

水质──可溶性硫化物的测定──亚甲基兰分光光度法ＩＳＯ１０５３０第一版［编者按］本篇译文是ＩＳＯ新推荐的方法，虽然也是吹气法，但因采用了全磨口封闭装置，改变了硫化物回收的不稳定状况，回收效果较好，故予以刊载。请大家试用，并及时将试用情况返回中国环境监...     

环境水质氨氮的快速检测

采用全固体混合试剂,将改进的水杨酸分光光度法应用于水质氨氮的测定.络合物的最大吸收波长为697 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.00×104 L/(mol·cm),氨氮质量浓度在0.01 mg/L～1.00 mg/L之间符合比尔定律,反应产物颜色在3 h内保持稳定,常见的共存离子均不干扰测定,混合试剂保存期长,可用于环境水质氨氮的快速检测.     

水质化学需氧量(COD)在线自动分析仪的发展现状

对水质化学需氧量 ( COD)在线自动分析仪的方法原理、主要类型、主要技术性能以及主要仪器型号等发展现状进行了评述     

基于顺序注射分析技术的总氮在线分析仪

针对环境监测领域,研制了一种基于顺序注射分析技术的总氮在线分析仪。该分析仪以注射泵为分析过程的液体驱动定量单元,以多通道选向阀为流路切换单元,以发光二极管和硅光电管为检测单元。在该分析平台上,含氮化合物在高温高压条件下经过硫酸钾氧化成硝酸根,硝酸根被还原为亚硝酸根后与N-(1-萘基)乙二胺盐酸盐生成偶氮染料,再由光电检测单元测定吸光度值,经计算得到总氮含量。与现有的总氮在线分析技术相比,该分析仪具有检测单元简单、生产成本低、测量精度高、试剂消耗和废液产生量少等优点,适合于环境监测等领域的长时间在线分析。     

硝化污泥低温冲击强化试验

采用完全好氧式膜生物反应器富集耐低温硝化污泥,通过低温冲击强化试验研究硝化污泥的耐低温特性.结果表明,低温对硝化污泥中微生物的群落多样性影响较大,温度越低,微生物多样性越低.低温强化组投加了耐低温高硝化菌含量硝化污泥,使得硝化菌在反应器内生长趋势良好,对低温冲击的恢复更有效果,且低温硝化污泥比中温硝化污泥具有更好的氨氮...     

Interferometric Microwave Radiometers for High-Resolution Imaging of the Atmosphere Brightness Temperature Based on the Adaptive Capon Signal Processing Algorithm

Passive microwave remote sensing from satellites and ground stations has contributed uniquely, and substantially, to the study of atmospheric chemistry, meteorology, and environmental monitoring. As user requirements are raised, in terms of the accuracy and the spatial resolution, a mechanically scanning radiometer, with a real aperture, becomes impractical due to the requirement for a very large antenna size. However, an aperture synthesis interferometric radiometer presents a valuable alternative. The work presented in this paper was devoted to high spatial resolution imaging, using the 37 GHz band interferometric radiometer, developed by ourselves. The spatially adaptive Capon beamforming method was exploited for the imaging, which outperformed the conventional Fourier Transform method. We concluded that the high spatial resolution imaging of the brightness temperature of the atmosphere could be accomplished with an interferometric radiometer equipped with the developed Capon beamforming imaging algorithm.     

一种水源地气温-水温-水质关系智能预警算法

设计了一种两阶段算法,引入水温作为中间桥梁,第一阶段利用多变异位自适应遗传算法解析气温与水温数学关系,第二阶段根据遗传算法改进的BP神经网络通过水温对水质进行预测,进而设计气温-水温-水质组成的水质预测算法GA-GABP,并将该算法应用于秦皇岛石河水库的水质监测模拟。结果表明,整个过程算法寻优速率快,网络学习时间短,其最终拟合、预测效果理想,能够对水质预警作出有效分析。     

A New Method for Determination of Chlorophylls in Freshwater Algae

A new method (NMM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% ethanol) was established to determine chlorophyll in freshwater algae, and it was compared with US standard method (USM, using glass fiber filter and 90% acetone) and the method recommend by EPA of China (CHM, using acetic acid fiber filter and 90% acetone). The precision and repeatability of NMM is equivalent to that of USM, but NMM is safer to laboratory workers than USM and CHM because ethanol was used as solvent in NMM instead of acetone used in USM and CHM, and time and money were also greatly saved by the new method. The precision and repeatability of CHM was much less than USM and NMM, and the advice improving the method was proposed that the extraction time must be prolonged.     

Temperature Measurement and Stratification in Facultative Waste Stabilisation Ponds in the UK Climate

Temperature measurements were taken at three pilot-scale facultative ponds located at Esholt wastewater treatment works in West Yorkshire, UK over two one-year periods. The measurements were taken at different depths using a technology called Thermochron iButton. The iButton readings were compared with temperature measurements taken by a YSI sonde probe and maximum/minimum thermometers: they were found to be within 1 .C. In the temperature range 3.18 .C the mean weekly and monthly air temperatures were found to be good predictors for the mean weekly and monthly pond water-column temperatures. The level of stratification in the ponds under UK climatic conditions was assessed; the data revealed that the ponds remained thermally stratified for significant periods during the year despite their shallow depth.     

实验室环境温度下电导率测定计算的改进

对原电导率温度校正公式进行了改进,改进后的校正公式在实验室环境温度（11－30℃）下较适用。     

基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法的地表温度反演及城市热岛效应研究

陆地表面温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)是地表能量平衡组分中的一个重要参数。随着卫星遥感技术的快速发展,遥感反演成为获取区域LST的一个重要手段。目前已有学者提出多种基于遥感数据反演LST的算法,其中劈窗算法被证明是一种精度较高的算法。基于Landsat-8卫星30 m空间分辨率的陆地成像仪(OLI)数据和100 m分辨率的热红外传感器(TIRS)数据,采用劈窗算法计算了无锡地区的LST,并采用地面实测水温数据和同步的MODIS温度产品对Landsat-8的计算结果进行了验证和对比分析。结果表明:基于Landsat-8数据和劈窗算法获取的LST精度较高,误差1K。在计算的LST结果基础上,进一步提取了热场变异指数来分析城市热岛空间分布特征,给出了城市热岛效应的定量化描述,并就不同地表覆盖类型对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。     

温度对现场荧光法测定水体中叶绿素a的影响

基于高温条件下叶绿素a易降解的性质,分别以纯品叶绿素a和活体藻为实验对象探讨了温度对荧光法测定叶绿素a的影响程度及影响机理。结果显示,温度升高会提高叶绿素a的降解率,在一定温度范围内叶绿素a的相对荧光强度与温度呈良好的负线性相关;首次计算导出了叶绿素a、斜生栅藻、蛋白核小球藻及铜绿微囊藻的温度系数分别为0.30%、1.09%、1.17%及1.14%;此外,验证了在现场测定中当环境温度为15~35℃时温度对水体叶绿素现场检测仪的影响甚微,测定结果在可接受范围内。     

乌鲁木齐市冬季近地逆温特点及其与可吸入颗粒物浓度的相关关系分析

总结了乌鲁木齐市冬季逆温的形成及其特点,着重分析逆温强度等与可吸入颗粒物浓度的相关关系,最终得出线性方程,并做出线性拟合图。     

基于OP-FTIR的化工区空气特征污染实测方法研究

应用开放式傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪(OP-FTIR)对华东地区某化工区周边空气特征污染进行了180 d连续在线监测,建立了污染特征分析、预警评估和污染溯源等体系化监测应用方法,匹配形成了近10项日常数据监控指标的质保质控体系和基于最小二乘法人机结合的谱图解析和数据生成体系,数据误差控制在20%以内。结果表明,通过180 d外场稳定监测,实现了超过40种区域特征污染因子库的建立和实时监控,掌握了乙烯和甲醇等10余种特征污染物的排放规律和主要来源。