冬季燃油节能降耗设备的研制与应用

新疆等西北地区冬季时间长,温度低,由于--35#柴油的价格比0#柴油高,但其燃烧值低于0#柴油,因此考虑用0#柴油代替--35#柴油,以降低钻井成本。回收350℃高温尾气中的热量,进行水罐加热,使水温达到60℃;然后用60℃热水对0#柴油罐进行加热和保温,使油温达到30℃。达到在冬季用0#柴油代替--35#柴油的目的,使尾气回收利用设备不需要另外的能量补给。     

五万元建一座年产100t的绿色炼油厂

一项投资少 ,设备、技术先进 ,生产工艺简单超前 ,经济效益好 ,产品有市场而无风险 ,利国利民的绿色 (免税 )项目———废旧塑料生产汽油 (70 # ～ 93# )、柴油 (0 # ～ 30 # )已达到工业化生产。主要原料为废旧编织袋、包装袋、农膜、地膜、泡沫、食品袋等生活废旧塑料。以每     

江苏沿海平原拟建水库咸化趋势分析

为分析江苏沿海拟建平原水库建设后的咸化风险,于2013年4月,在江苏沿海1#、2#、3#、4#拟建水库取0~200cm原装土样,通过对样品氯离子含量和释放速率的测定,建立水质模型,预测不同初始蓄水水质条件下水库咸化风险,模拟结果表明:在模拟运行一年后,1#、2#拟建水库底泥盐分释放量小,来水水质较好,不会发生咸化,可作为生活用水水源地;3#拟建水库底泥盐分释放量较大,一年后各条件下氯离子浓度均高于250mg/L,平均氯离子浓度涨幅为173.20%,咸化风险较高,不适合作为生活用水水源地;4#拟建水库在各条件下氯离子浓度平均上升6.83mg/L,因此当蓄水水源良好时可以作为生活用水水源地。     

几种涂层氙弧灯光老化试验加速性研究

太阳辐射是引起有机材料老化的最主要原因,实验室氙弧灯光老化试验具有较高的加速性。本文通过对有机涂层在广州试验站自然暴露试验结果以及实验室氙弧灯光老化试验结果进行对比研究,得到3种常用有机防护涂层的加速倍数,对于1#、2#样品的加速倍数为9,3#样品的加速倍数为6。     

大庆油田含聚污水微生物配套处理技术

针对常规污水处理技术难以达到处理要求的现状,大庆油田采用微生物技术处理含聚污水。文章介绍了工艺流程,分析了气浮除油、微生物反应、气浮固液分离、过滤等工艺的技术原理,微生物配套技术在试验站,1#、2#、3#含聚污水处理站的处理结果表明:出水中悬浮固体含量小于10mg/L,含油量小于10mg/L,达到SY/T 5329—2012《碎屑岩油藏注水水质指标及分析方法》的要求。2#含聚污水处理站的挂片显示:微生物挂膜饱满、肥大,微生物生长良好。该技术处理效果好、不引入二次污染物,且环保效益显著。     

电厂三相电源提效改造方案效果解析

以北部湾发电有限公司#1、#2机组电除尘提效改造方案为例,介绍了LYAVC-Ⅲ新一代三相高效节能电源改造后的测试结果,在满负荷常规烟气温度状态下,#1机组出口排放均值16.31mg/m~3,除尘效率99.94%;#2机组出口排放均值17.24mg/m~3,除尘效率99.93%,二次平均输出电压70k V,出口排放平均降幅84%,单电场提效幅度9.5%,各项性能指标均满足达标改造要求。     

以节能促增效 以环保促发展——国电内蒙古东胜热电有限公司节能减排侧记

国电内蒙古东胜热电有限公司位于鄂尔多斯市东胜区,现有两台330MW空冷供热机组,担负着向蒙西电网发电、向东胜区供热的任务。公司始终以建设安全、经济、环保、高效的一流综合利用型发电企业为目标。公司先后投人2800万元进行了#1、#2炉四台吸风机和两台热网循环泵高压变频器改造、热网循环泵高压变频器改造,厂用电率降低了0.75%,年节约电费550万元;进行了#2锅炉低NOx燃烧器改造,锅炉     

硫酸盐及其组合除藻的比较分析

研究了CuSO4·5n2O、Al2（SO4）3、KAl（SO4）2·12H2O单一除藻和与硅藻土、石英砂、泥沙组合除藻的规律,以及对COD、NH3-N、P、浊度4项指标的影响规律。试验结果表明,这3类硫酸盐对除藻都有很好的效果。在相同的初始条件下（即相同的水质条件、投药量、温度和搅拌强度）,Al2（SO4）3的除藻效果优于CuSO4·5H2O和KAl（SO4）2·12H2O,对浊度也有较高的去除率,而对COD、NH3-N、P等指标则无较大改善。     

控释尿素不同施用条件下冬小麦产量和氮素利用效应

采用田间试验方法研究了控释尿素不同施用条件对冬小麦产量、氮素利用和经济效益的影响。试验共设7个处理,即CK （空白处理,不施氮肥）、100%PU10/0（普通尿素全量基施,N 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）、100%PU6/4（60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）、80%PU6/4（60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）、100%CRU（全量树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 240 kg＆#183;hm-2）、80%CRU（80%树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）和40%CRU＋40%PU（40%树脂包膜控释尿素＋40%的普通尿素基施,N 192 kg＆#183;hm-2）。结果表明,无论是产量效应还是氮素利用效应,树脂包膜控释尿素（CRU）处理总体优于普通尿素（PU）处理,尤其树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素配施（40%CRU＋40%PU）效果最佳,以7709 kg＆#183;hm-2的产量、36.44%的氮肥吸收利用率、15946元＆#183;hm-2的相对净收入达到处理间最高水平。该处理在减少氮素投入量的情况下,不仅促进了冬小麦增产,而且显著提高了肥料的利用率,拥有较高的产投比。因此,树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的配施处理（40%CRU＋40%PU）是本试验条件下最优的氮肥处理。     

微博

正@辽宁环保:【辽宁省全面启动第二次全国污染源普查,通过大数据精准治污】3月27日,在省政府新闻办召开的新闻发布会上,辽宁省环境保护厅副厅长赵恒心明确了普查时点、对象、范围和内容,并部署安排下一步工作,标志着我省第二次全国污染源普查工作全面启动。#辽环发布#(3月27日)@京环之声:#环保进行时#【近十万亩平原今年添新绿】市民和森林的距离将越来越近。记者昨天获悉,市发改委已下达新一轮百万亩造林绿     

Carbon Sequestration Potential and Marketable Carbon Value of Smallholder Agroforestry Parklands Across Climatic Zones of Burkina Faso: Current Status and Way Forward for REDD+ Implementation

Agroforestry plays an important role in climate mitigation through atmospheric carbon removal by photosynthetic activity of tree. However, the carbon sequestration potential of smallholder’s agroforestry’s parklands is not well documented in Burkina Faso. Therefore, agroforestry parkland of smallholders’ farmers in three climatic zones was studied. Thirty household farmlands in each climatic zone representing about 35 ha were selected on which systematic woody species inventory and dendrometry data collections were undertaken. Nondestructive method using fitted allometrics equations was used to compute carbon stock. Sustainability analysis of carbon sequestration potential was done using ]0–10], ]10–40], and ]40–110 cm] diameter class as long term, medium term, and short term, respectively. The balance between marketable carbon value and the trade-off from tree conservation of three major crops was also analyzed. The results revealed 24.71 ± 5.84 tCO2 ha−1, 28.35 ± 5.84 tCO2 ha−1, and 33.86 ± 5.84 tCO2 ha−1 in Ouahigouya, Sapouy, and Bouroum-Bouroum at p < 0.1 respectively. Long- and short-term carbon sequestration potential was attributed to Ouahigouya with 1.82 and 68.03%, respectively. With, the medium term analysis Sapouy came first with 71.71% of total amount of carbon. The marketable carbon value was less than trade-off value resulting in keeping trees and crop production. The balance analysis revealed that carbon payment system promoted by REDD+ initiative will be profitable and compensable to smallholder farmers effort to plant and keep tree when the tCO2 ha−1 price will be around US$ 4.00. By taking into account farmers’ interests and profitability on carbon market will be the most relevant incentive method to enhance carbon stock in agroforestry parkland.     

Conflicting Frames about Ownership and Land Use Drive Wildfire Ignitions in a Protected Conservation Area

The creation of protected conservation areas may result in protracted conflicts between stakeholders. In this study we examine the drivers of anthropogenic wildfire ignitions in the National Park of “los Alerces” (NPA) in Patagonia, Argentina. The NPA was established in 1937 to protect the native “andino-patagónico” forests from wildfires as well as preserving its scenic beauty and native flora and fauna. At the time of its creation state authorities prohibited all extractive human activities in the “intangible”—fully protected—“National Park” section, while other regulated extractive and ecotourism activities were allowed to continue in the “Natural Reserve” section in an effort to accommodate the historical entitlements of the displaced populations of “pobladores” (settlers) that had been living in the NPA for over a century. Here we interviewed the main stakeholder groups—“pobladores”, forest rangers and administrators, ecolodge owners and angler club members—to identify the drivers of wildfire ignitions in the park. Wildfires have been singled out by state authorities as the main threat to the NPA though considerable scientific uncertainty exists regarding their complex ecological effects. This study argues, based on the human and biophysical system data collected, that two conflicting cultural frames exist within the NPA that provide the necessary backdrop for understanding the drivers of wildfire ignitions. In turn, these findings raise puzzling dilemmas for the main theoretical approaches that have been used to inform and design conflict management strategies in protected conservation areas.     

Characteristic levels of heavy metals in canned sardines consumed in Nigeria

Samples of some popular brands of canned sardines in soybean oil in the Nigerian market were analyzed for levels of cadmium, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, chromium, copper and zinc after wet digestion with acids by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations for the metals in the different brands were as follows: cadmium 0.11–0.26 μg/g, iron 8.04–48.18 μg/g, cobalt 0.01–7.23 μg/g, nickel 0.04–3.26 μg/g, manganese 0.64–1.37 μg/g, chromium 0.01–0.10 μg/g, copper 0.10 μg/g and zinc 0.09–4.63 μg/g. Significant differences were observed in the heavy metal levels in the different brands of canned sardines except for copper and chromium. Cadmium, nickel and lead exceeded statutory safe limits.     

Converting wasteland into wonderland by earthworms—a low-cost nature’s technology for soil remediation: a case study of vermiremediation of PAHs contaminated soil

Earthworms in general are tolerant to many chemical contaminants including heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and can bio-accumulate them in their tissues. Earthworms species like Eisenia fetida, Eisenia tetraedra, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus rubellus and Allobophora chlorotica have been found to remove heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, etc.) pesticides and lipophilic organic micropollutants like the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the soil. They ‘absorb’ the dissolved chemicals through the moist ‘body wall’ in the interstitial water and also ‘ingest’ by mouth while the soil passes through the gut. They either ‘bio-transform’ or ‘biodegrade’ the chemical contaminants rendering them harmless in their bodies. Meanwhile the quality of the soil is improved significantly in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties as the worms thoroughly upturn and disperse the soil, ingest large volumes of soil and excrete nutritive materials (NKP and micronutrients) in the form of ‘vermicasts’ along with millions of beneficial soil microbes including nitrogen fixers.     

Elemental contaminants in groundwater: A study of trace metals from residential area in the vicinity of an industrial area in Lagos, Nigeria

Groundwater (well water) from a residential area within the vicinity of an industrial estate in Lagos, Nigeria were sampled and analysed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for their heavy metals content. This was with a view of assessing the quality of the water, which was being used for domestic activities, especially, drinking usually without treatment. Total trace metal determination by mineral acid digestion of water samples was applied. This method proved to be better than an extractive concentration technique in the quality assurance protocols with the recovery range being 90.7 ± 0.006–97.6 ± 0.003%. Mean concentration of trace metals in water samples ranged from Fe: 0.05–0.47 mg l⁻¹; Al: 0.1–1.54 mg l⁻¹; Cu: 0.14–1.39 mg l⁻¹; Zn: 0.04–0.43 mg l⁻¹; Cd: trace–0.02 mg l⁻¹; Pb: trace–0.03 mg l⁻¹, Mn: 0.01–0.18 mg l⁻¹ and Ni: 0.02–0.11 mg l⁻¹. Physical parameters of water samples examined were within the drinking water safety limits except for conductivity. Results generally indicate the presence of heavy metal constituents in groundwater samples. Detection of metals such as cadmium and lead which have serious health implications above WHO and USEPA limits in drinking water gives cause for concern.     

Environmental Equity and the Role of Public Policy: Experiences in the Rijnmond Region

This Φ Ψ study of environmental equity uses secondary quantitative data to analyze socioeconomic disparities in environmental conditions in the Rijnmond region of the Netherlands. The disparities of selected environmental indicators—exposure to traffic noise (road, rail, and air), NO₂, external safety risks, and the availability of public green space—are analyzed both separately and in combination. Not only exposures to environmental burdens (“bads”) were investigated, but also access to environmental benefits (“goods”). Additionally, we held interviews and reviewed documents to grasp the mechanisms underlying the environmental equity situation, with an emphasis on the role of public policy. Environmental equity is not a priority in public policy for the greater Rotterdam region known as the Rijnmond region, yet environmental standards have been established to provide a minimum environmental quality to all local residents. In general, environmental quality has improved in this region, and the accumulation of negative environmental outcomes (“bads”) has been limited. However, environmental standards for road traffic noise and NO₂ are being exceeded, probably because of the pressure on space and the traffic intensity. We found an association of environmental “bads” with income for rail traffic noise and availability of public green space. In the absence of regulation, positive environmental outcomes (“goods”) are mainly left up to market forces. Consequently, higher-income groups generally have more access to environmental “goods” than lower-income groups.     

Sewage treatment by vermifiltration with synchronous treatment of sludge by earthworms: a low-cost sustainable technology over conventional systems with potential for decentralization

Earthworms’ body works as a ‘biofilter’ and they have been found to remove the 5 days’ BOD (BOD₅) by over 90%, COD by 80–90%, total dissolved solids (TDS) by 90–92%, and the total suspended solids (TSS) by 90–95% from wastewater by the general mechanism of ‘ingestion’ and biodegradation of organic wastes, heavy metals, and solids from wastewater and also by their ‘absorption’ through body walls. Earthworms increase the hydraulic conductivity and natural aeration by granulating the clay particles. They also grind the silt and sand particles, increasing the total specific surface area, which enhances the ability to ‘adsorb’ the organics and inorganic from the wastewater. Intensification of soil processes and aeration by the earthworms enable the soil stabilization and filtration system to become effective and smaller in size. Suspended solids are trapped on top of the vermifilter and processed by earthworms and fed to the soil microbes immobilized in the vermifilter. There is no sludge formation in the process which requires additional expenditure on landfill disposal. This is also an odor-free process and the resulting vermifiltered water is clean and disinfected enough to be reused for farm irrigation and in parks and gardens G. Bharambe—GU & Research Assistant (Under Rajiv K. Sinha), U. Chaudhari—GU (Worked on vermiculture project).     

Norton and Passmore on Valuing Nature

Norton argues on pragmatic “Deweyan” grounds that we should cease to ask scientists for value neutral definitions of “sustainability,” developed independently of moral and social values, to guide our environmental policy making debates. “Sustainability,” like human “health,” is a normative concept from the start—one that cannot be meaningfully developed by scientists or economists without input by all the stake holders affected. While I endorse Norton’s approach, I question his apparent presumption that concern for sustainability for the future is at odds with and ought to trump concern for enhancement in the present of public opportunities to access the goods nature represents. I argue that the two are not separable in practice. I argue for Passmore’s position that unless we take care to enhance equitable access to the good and services nature represents in the present, we cannot succeed in promoting sustainability for future generations.     

Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability Through the Use of GIS Tools in South Sicily (Italy)

This study assessed coastal erosion vulnerability along a 90-km sector, which included both erosional and accretionary beaches, and different levels of human occupation. Two aerial photogrammetric flights were used to reconstruct coastal evolution between 1977 and 1999. During this period, extensive accretion was recorded updrift of human structures at harbors and ports, e.g., Scoglitti (105.6 m), Donnalucata (52.8 m), and Pozzallo (94.6 m). Conversely, erosion was recorded in downdrift areas, with maximum values at Modica Stream mouth (63.8 m) and Point Castellazzo (35.2 m). Assessments were subsequently divided into four categories ranging from “high erosion” to “accretion.” Several sources were examined to assess human activities and land use. The latter was mapped and divided into four categories, ranging from “very high” to “no capital” land use. Subsequently, coastal erosion vulnerability was assessed by combining land use categories with recorded coastline behavior. Results showed “very high” to “high” vulnerability along 5.8% and 16.6%, respectively, of the littoral, while 20.9% and 56.7%, respectively, was found to exhibit “medium” and “low/very low” vulnerability. A very good agreement between predicted coastal vulnerability and coastal trend had been observed over recent years. Furthermore, several human structures and activities are located within the “imminent collapse zone (ICZ)” which reached maximum values of 17.5 m at Modica Stream and 13.5 m at Point Braccetto.