共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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成都市大气颗粒物研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文较全面、系统的研究了成都市大气颗粒物的物理特征和化学组成。在研究中利用改良的NASN法,首先揭示了成都市大气颗粒物中存在着以钒、铍、镍、铬为特征的11种金属元素的奥秘。利用离子色谱法,检出了成都市大气颗粒物中以SO_4~(2-)为表征的5种阴离子,以NH_4~ 为主的3种阳离子。利用带有梯度洗脱装置的HPLC的现代分析技术,分离测定了成都市大气颗粒物中9种PAH化合物。研究确定了颗粒物及其不同化学成分的浓度,找出了它们的时空变化及粒径分布的规律,从而为预防医学,为防止和控制成都市大气颗粒物污染提供科学依据。 相似文献
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自21世纪以来,受体模型从PCA、EF以及经典的FA,发展到了PMF,然而,CMB一直是都是热门的。本文将大气颗粒物源解析研究中的受体模型分为探测方法,化学质量平衡模型及相关方法,主成分分析及相关方法,因子分析法和混合方法,并分别概述了它们的原理、特点、发展以及在大气颗粒物源解析中的应用。 相似文献
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成都市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃分布规律的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
前言随着现代生产的发展,人类的生活环境发生了很大的变化,进入环境的化学物质日益增多。目前已发现环境中存在着许多致癌物,其中最主要的一类化学物质是多环芳烃简称PAH,PAH化合物一般具有致癌性和致突变性.或具有诱发癌症的作用,PAH 相似文献
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为了解潍坊市大气颗粒物中重金属浓度特征及其来源,于2014年对环境空气中颗粒物进行采样,分析了不同粒径颗粒物上的重金属(Fe、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Mn、As、Ni、Zn)含量。结果显示,可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(25))中主要重金属为Fe、Zn、Pb、Cu、Mn。重金属Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu主要富集在PM_(25)上。重金属浓度一般表现为冬季最高,这可能是人为污染和气候共同作用造成的。通过富集因子和主因子分析,PM_(25)中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd是人为源贡献的,冶金、电镀和燃煤是主要人为源。 相似文献
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针对成都市大气中颗粒物污染现状,对烟(粉)尘排放的来源,烟(粉)尘排放的重点行业,烟(粉)尘排放的分布地区做了调查,并结合颗粒物污染的分布区域对照分析,提出了相应对策。 相似文献
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大气TSP采样滤膜上PAHs分布的均匀性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
标准参考物质是分析法研究的基础,也是质量保证较为可信的手段。本文通过对大气TSP采样滤膜上PAHs分布的均匀性研究,发现PAHs在滤膜上是均匀分布的,由此,我们提出了滤膜四等分法和八等分法,以获得可用于分析方法研究的实验用参考物质。 相似文献
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Praveen Tudu Tanushree Gaine Shouvik Mahanty Sayantani Mitra Subarna Bhattacharyya Punarbasu Chaudhuri 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):79-96
Reduction in air pollution level was prime observation during COVID-19 lockdown globally. Here, the study was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the elemental profile of PM10 in ambient aerosol to quantify the elemental variation. To quantify the variation, phase-wise sampling of air pollutants was carried out using the gravimetric method for PM10, while NO2 and SO2 were estimated through the chemiluminescence and fluorescent spectrometric method respectively. The elemental constituents of PM10 were carried out using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer and their source apportionment was carried out using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The results showed that PM10, NO2 and SO2 reduced by 86.97%, 83.38%, and 88.60% respectively during the lockdown sampling phase. The highest mean elemental concentration reduction was found in Mn (97.47%) during the lockdown. The inter-correlation among the pollutants exhibited a significant association indicating that they originate from the same source. The metals like Mn and Cu were found at a higher concentration during the lockdown phase corresponding to vehicular emissions. The comparative analysis of the elemental profile of PM10 concluded that the lockdown effectuated in reduction of the majority of elements present in an aerosol enveloping metropolitan like Kolkata. 相似文献
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通过在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物的工作原理、测试数据准确性和有效性。将参比采样器监测数据(重量法)与相应的自动采样器监测数据(β射线衰减法)进行不确定评估和平行性、线性回归分析验证。从而得出,在线监测系统用β射线衰减法测定空气中颗粒物时有较好的线性关系,监测数据准确、可靠,具有一定推广价值。同时,为提高环境监测能力、加强环境执法监管提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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车用柴油机排气中的微粒是一种十分有害的大气污染物,如何有效地净化它一直是人们密切关注的课题。介绍了一种旋流分离净化技术,以及应用此技术首先应解决的问题。 相似文献
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云南省粮食产量影响因素的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用实证分析的方法,以云南省为例,选取影响云南省粮食产量的8个因素(耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食单产、有效灌溉面积、化肥施用量、受灾面积、农业机械总动力、农村用电量),并根据这8个因素对2000-2004年的原始统计数据进行了灰色关联度分析和因子分析。经研究表明,影响云南省粮食产量的因素可以归纳为农业土地利用状况和农业现代化水平,具体体现在耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食单产、化肥施用量、有效灌溉面积、农业机械总动力这6个方面。根据研究结论和目前云南省粮食产量的现状,提出了解决云南省粮食安全的对策与建议。 相似文献
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Knowledge of the forces driving and modifying ecosystems can be employed in concert with signal analysis to target the data
most likely to yield sensitivity and resilience information. One can optimize return of information per investment of resources
by targeting segments of signals that are dominated by the force of interest, coupled with scientific understanding of the
system of interest. This force analysis approach is an effective means both to design efficient new monitoring programs and
to target relevant information in large data files. We present five example applications of force analysis. Three examples
illustrate this approach for an evaluation of whether Canadian rivers might be sensitive to changes in climate. It was concluded
that Canadian rivers appear to be sensitive to changing climate. A fourth example illustrates how automated snow pillow data
may be evaluated to ascertain the sensitivity of snow accumulation to change in climate. It was concluded that snow accumulation
at the site evaluated did appear to be sensitive to changing climate. The fifth example illustrates the assessment of whether
a river recovers with the elimination of inputs of iron from an abandoned mine. It was concluded that resilience remained
unproven since the river had not as yet restabilized. The force analysis approach focuses data collection or data evaluation
on those data required to answer specific resource management questions, greatly reducing collection or consideration of data
that are not relevant to that question. This approach is potentially very cost-efficient and therefore is likely to be of
interest to hydrologists, climatologists, and environmental data managers. 相似文献