水泥窑炉烟气催化还原脱硝技术研究进展

水泥工业是NOx的高排放行业,现有的燃烧控制技术难以满足日益提高的环保要求,因此烟气脱硝技术在水泥工业的应用将势在必行.选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝技术是脱硝率最高的烟气脱硝技术,在燃煤电厂已有较大规模的应用,但是在水泥工业中的研究和应用相对滞后.简要介绍了SCR脱硝技术工作原理及其在水泥窑炉的应用现状,总结了催化材料研究和应用进展,探讨了水泥窑炉NOx减排用SCR脱硝技术和催化材料的研究方向.     

双鸭山电厂SCR脱硝反应器结构优化的数值仿真分析

选择性催化还原SCR烟气脱硝技术以其脱硝效率高、技术成熟等优点在大型燃煤电厂获得广泛的应用。采用CFD软件对双鸭山电厂200 MW燃煤机组SCR烟气脱硝反应器内烟气气流进行了数值模拟,在原有模型的基础上,通过添加导流板、微调几何模型形状等方法,达到对烟道内气流优化、提高SCR脱硝效率的目的。     

平板玻璃工业窑炉烟气中低温SCR脱硝中试研究

我国平板玻璃工业正面临严峻的NOx控制形势,研究并推广玻璃窑炉高效脱硝技术对玻璃工业发展及大气环境保护均具有重要意义。选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝技术是国内外公认效率最高的脱硝技术,然而该技术在玻璃窑炉中推广应用还面临诸多技术问题。本研究设计并建设了10 000 Nm3/h的平板玻璃工业窑炉中低温SCR脱硝中试装置,分析了玻璃窑炉烟气组分波动规律及其对SCR脱硝系统的潜在影响,考察了烟气温度、喷氨量控制和烟气处理量等工艺参数,开展了为期6 d的连续运行实验。这些在实际烟气中开展的研究为玻璃窑炉SCR脱硝技术研究分享了大量一手数据和经验。     

还原法二氧化硫脱除技术

介绍了催化还原法、CaS还原法、吸收还原法、碳还原法和生物还原法脱除烟气中二氧化硫技术的原理、特点以及研究和应用现状 ,指出了各种还原法脱除二氧化硫技术在工业应用中的限制因素和研究的方向。     

还原法二氧化硫脱除技术

介绍了催化还原法、CaS还原法、吸收还原法、碳还原法和生物还原法脱除烟气中二氧化硫技术的原理、特点以及研究和应用现状，指出了各种还原法脱除二氧化硫技术在工业应用中的限制因素和研究的方向。     

SCR脱硝系统烟道内流场优化

为了改善选择性催化还原法(SCR)催化剂上游烟气的流场、温度场和浓度场分布,基于CFD仿真分析技术,建立了整个脱硝系统三维模型,并通过优化导流板及整流格栅,使得速度标准偏差、浓度标准偏差、温度偏差、速度偏转角以及压降等性能指标都满足设计要求,在满足脱硝效率和氨逃逸率前提下,大大降低了烟气对催化剂层的冲刷,保证催化剂的使用寿命。最后,为了合理布置吹灰器,对优化结构下粉尘颗粒在烟道内的运动情况进行了仿真分析研究,为设计提供了依据。     

超低排放背景下燃煤电厂烟气控制技术费效评估

在煤电机组超低排放趋势背景下,煤电企业需积极开展燃煤电厂大气污染物排放控制关键技术研究,快速推进环保升级改造,以期实现低成本下燃煤机组大气污染物的超低排放。基于环境审计中成本效益估算原则,收集实际工程案例投资和运行参数,建立了烟气脱硫、脱硝技术费效数据库,评估了燃煤电厂典型大气污染物控制技术的费用效益。烟气脱硫技术中,循环流化床半干法单位装机容量的系统初投资、年运行费用分别为25.78万、5.68万元/MW,均高于石灰石/石膏湿法。烟气脱硝技术中,选择性催化还原(SCR)技术的效费比仅为1.15,显著低于选择性非催化还原(SNCR)技术(1.63)和SNCR/SCR联用技术(1.36),但SCR技术脱硝效率高达80%,而SNCR技术的脱硝效率仅为30%,因此脱硝技术选型时不宜将效费比作为唯一参考指标。     

低温选择性催化还原脱除NOx的催化剂的研究进展

选择性催化还原(SCR)法是目前世界上应用较为成熟的烟气脱硝技术之一,由于传统的适用催化剂的起活温度偏高,因此开发低温高效、性能稳定的催化剂已成为该技术成功运用的关键.分析了SCR法的脱硝原理,对目前广泛研究的低温SCR催化剂的分类及其运用进行了综述,提出了研究中尚需解决的问题,最后展望了未来的研究方向.     

氧化镁基催化剂及脱硝性能研究

为控制燃烧烟气中NOx的污染,对共混合方法制备的氧化镁基催化剂进行烟气直接催化分解法脱硝实验研究,分析模拟烟气脱硝塔内温度及床层高度及氧气浓度、NO浓度和空速对脱硝效率的影响.研究表明:氧化镁基催化剂可以采用直接催化分解法对烟气脱硝,脱硝率85%～95%,氧化镁基催化吸附剂组成为氧化镁、固化剂、添加剂;脱硝的床层高度4～5 cm,脱硝反应温度130～170℃,烟气空速2 500～3 000 h-1;研究推测出氧化镁基催化剂存在活性缺陷,并对脱硝机理进行了初步分析.     

燃煤烟气中NO催化氧化脱除的研究进展

选择性催化氧化法作为一种新型脱硝技术凭借其工艺简单、能同时脱硫脱硝等特点成为热点.综述了活性炭类、分子筛、贵金属和过渡性金属氧化物等不同类型催化剂催化氧化NO的研究进展.从催化机理、催化活性、抗水汽性和抗硫性等角度对比分析了各种催化剂的优缺点,并对选择性催化氧化脱硝技术的未来进行了展望.     

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术种类较多.本文综合评述了各种烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术,重点介绍了电晕放电脱除烟气中NOx的最新研究成果.对燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术的研究和开发具有实用价值.     

Control of mercury vapor emissions from combustion flue gas

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Mercury (Hg) emission from combustion flue gas is a significant environmental concern due to its toxicity and high volatility. A number of the research efforts have been carried out in the past decade exploiting mercury emission, monitoring and control from combustion flue gases. Most recently, increasing activities are focused on evaluating the behavior of mercury in coal combustion systems and developing novel Hg control technologies. This is partly due to the new regulatory requirement on mercury emissions from coal-fired combustors to be enacted under the U.S. Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. The aim of this review work is to better understand the state-of-the-art technologies of flue gas mercury control and identify the gaps of knowledge hence areas for further opportunities in research and development. MAIN FEATURES: This paper examines mercury behaviors in combustion systems through a comprehensive review of the available literature. About 70 published papers and reports were cited and studied. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This paper summarizes the mechanisms of formation of mercury containing compounds during combustion, its speciation and reaction in flue gas, as well as subsequent mobilization in the environment. It also provides a review of the current techniques designed for real-time, continuous emission monitoring (CEM) for mercury. Most importantly, current flue gas mercury control technologies are reviewed while activated carbon adsorption, a technology that offers the greatest potential for the control of gas-phase mercury emissions, is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Although much progress has been achieved in the last decade, techniques developed for the monitoring and control of mercury from combustion flue gases are not yet mature and gaps in knowledge exist for further advancement. More R&D efforts are required for the effective control of Hg emissions and the main focuses are identified.     

Effect of NOx control processes on mercury speciation in utility flue gas

The speciation of Hg in coal-fired flue gas can be important in determining the ultimate Hg emissions as well as potential control options for the utility. The effects of NOx control processes, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), on Hg speciation are not well understood but may impact emissions of Hg. EPRI has investigated the reactions of Hg in flue gas at conditions expected for some NOx control processes. This paper describes the methodology used to investigate these reactions in actual flue gas at several power plants. Results have indicated that some commercial SCR catalysts are capable of oxidizing elemental Hg in flue gas obtained from the inlets of SCR or air heater units. Results are affected by various flue gas and operating parameters. The effect of flue gas composition, including the presence of NH3, has been evaluated. The influence of NH3 on fly ash Hg reactions also is being investigated.     

Effect of NOx Control Processes on Mercury Speciation in Utility Flue Gas

Abstract

The speciation of Hg in coal-fired flue gas can be important in determining the ultimate Hg emissions as well as potential control options for the utility. The effects of NO_x control processes, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), on Hg speciation are not well understood but may impact emissions of Hg. EPRI has investigated the reactions of Hg in flue gas at conditions expected for some NO_x control processes. This paper describes the methodology used to investigate these reactions in actual flue gas at several power plants. Results have indicated that some commercial SCR catalysts are capable of oxidizing elemental Hg in flue gas obtained from the inlets of SCR or air heater units. Results are affected by various flue gas and operating parameters. The effect of flue gas composition, including the presence of NH₃, has been evaluated. The influence of NH₃ on fly ash Hg reactions also is being investigated.     

火电厂排放CO_2的分离回收和固定技术的研究开发现状

本文论述了火电厂排放CO_2的分离回收和固定技术的研究开发现状,下述从火电厂排气分离回收CO_2的方法:(1)胺液吸收,(2)物理吸附,(3)膜分离,(4)O_2/CO_2燃烧及下述回收CO_2的固定方法:(1)物理固定(深海处置,EOR),(2)化学固定(CO_2有机合成),(3)生物固定(培养藻类),在技术上是可行的。但目前这些技术还处在基础试验阶段,离实用还有一段距离。今后应在现有的基础上继续试验研究,开拓思路,加强国际合作,争取在技术的实用性和经济性方面有所突破。     

电子束半干法烟气净化技术

电子束烟气净化技术由于能够同时脱除烟气中的SO2 和NOx 而得到世界各国环保界的重视。传统的电子束烟气净化技术在工业应用中存在能耗高、副产品黏结严重、工作可靠性低等问题。新型电子束半干法烟气净化技术解决了传统工艺在工业化应用中存在的问题 ,可以在较小的辐照剂量下获得更为理想的烟气净化效果 ,提高了系统的工作可靠性 ,是一项工业应用前景十分广阔的环保技术。     

Experimental study on the stability of the ClHgSO3 − in desulfurization wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wet flue gas desulfurization technologies have received much concern for their superior performance on co-controlling the acid gases and mercury....     

Assessing sorbents for mercury control in coal-combustion flue gas

Sorbent injection for Hg control is one of the most promising technologies for reducing Hg emissions from power-generation facilities, particularly units that do not require wet scrubbers for SO2 control. Since 1992, EPRI has been assessing the performance of Hg sorbents in pilot-scale systems installed at full-scale facilities. The initial tests were conducted on a 5,000-acfm (142-m3/min) pilot baghouse. Screening potential sorbents at this scale required substantial resources for installation and operation and did not provide an opportunity to characterize sorbents over a wide temperature range. Data collected in the laboratory and in field tests indicate that sorbents are affected by flue gas composition and temperature. Tests carried out in actual flue gas at a number of power plants also have shown that sorbent performance can be site-specific. In addition, data collected at a field site often are different from data collected     

尿素/三乙醇胺吸收烟气NO_x的实验研究

以尿素作为吸收液,与NOx反应生成N2和CO2,脱除烟气中的氮氧化物。以一套双级串连的填料塔为主体反应器,分别对气速、液气比、反应物浓度、添加剂浓度和反应温度等参数对尿素溶液吸收NOx反应的影响进行了实验研究,获得了优化实验工况,研究结果显示,在气速为0.1 m/s、液气比为16 L/m3、三乙醇胺为0.01%（质量比）、尿素浓度为13%（质量比）工况下,反应温度为30~70℃,脱硝总效率可达50%以上,且随着NOx体积分数增加而提高。     

半干法烟气脱硫除尘多级功能处理装置技术与应用

文中介绍了一种炉窑烟气调质、烟气除尘、烟气脱硫在一个单体结构中的一体化装置和在烟气除尘脱硫技术上的应用,并对该脱硫除尘装置与传统的半干法烟气脱硫除尘装置进行了比较。