不同挺水植物在生活污水中生长量及去污能力比较研究

以千屈菜、香根草、芦苇、香蒲、美人蕉、水葱、风车草7种常见挺水植物为对象,研究了在生活污水中进行培养的植物生长量和氮磷积累量差异以及改善水质指标的能力差异。结果表明:芦苇和美人蕉的生长量显著高于其他植物,美人蕉的氮磷积累量最高,美人蕉和芦苇对污水的综合处理效果最好。     

富营养化与温度因素对太湖藻类生长的影响研究

为了研究气候变暖和富营养化对湖泊水生态系统的影响,应用阿列纽斯方程修正的Monod生长模型定量研究长期以来太湖藻类生物量与营养元素和温度的关系.研究表明,在近年来的富营养化状况下,年均气温每增加1.0℃,年均藻类生物量增加0.145倍.湖泊富营养化越严重.年平均气温对藻类生长的影响就越大,由此可以定量评估和预测年均气温...     

多因素综合作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

选取铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,通过正交试验考察了氮磷等营养盐、Ca2+、照度、温度等环境因素对其生长及群体形成的影响;通过对荧光倒置显微镜、扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜下群体微囊藻形态的观察,从微观角度解释群体形成的生物学原因。正交试验表明,铜绿微囊藻群体形成受初始氮磷钙质量浓度、温度、光照等多种环境因素综合影响,最佳组合为氮磷钙初始质量浓度100 mg/L、5 mg/L、260 mg/L,温度25℃,照度4 000 lx,在该条件下铜绿微囊藻细胞密度最大,胞外多糖(EPS)质量浓度最高。形态观察试验表明,在微囊藻群体形成过程中会产生细胞间隙,且EPS和Ca2+在细胞聚集过程中发挥着重要作用。     

环境内分泌干扰物的作用机理及其生物检测方法

环境污染物的内分泌干扰问题近年来引起了极大的关注,大量研究工作集中于对环境内分泌干扰物的作用机理及其生物检测方法的研究。在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,对环境内分泌干扰物的类型及其主要作用机理进行了概括总结;对环境内分泌干扰物的体外生物检测方法的最新研究进展给予了评述;并对环境内分泌干扰物检测技术在环境中的应用进行了探讨;指出有关环境内分泌干扰物作用机理研究的成果能直接导致新的生物检测方法的发展,丰富了环境内分泌干扰物的检测技术类型。     

遥感技术在水生态环境管理的应用与前景

随着遥感数据源的不断丰富,遥感技术不断提高,可以解决越来越多的水环境问题。指出了当前水生态环境管理方面的主要需求,结合目前遥感技术的发展,对国内外的水环境遥感研究进展进行综述。以湖泊富营养化监测与评估、核电站温排水遥感监测及城市黑臭水体遥感监测为案例,具体阐述遥感在水环境管理中的应用方法及成效。未来水生态环境管理发展趋势将以水污染防治为主向水污染防治和水生态修复与保护并重发展。基于此趋势,提出遥感在水生态修复的应用潜力,利于更多地方部门积极有效应用遥感技术,解决水生态环境问题。     

重金属污染土壤及场地的植物修复技术发展与应用

重金属污染土壤及场地的治理工作迫在眉睫,植物修复技术以其成本低、不破坏土壤生态环境、无二次污染、易被公众接受等优点,受到了学术界的广泛关注.近年来,国内外在植物修复技术的植物资源筛选、调控技术、修复植物产后处理等方面进行了广泛的研究.植物修复已经从实验室阶段走向了田间示范和推广应用阶段.现就近年来植物修复技术在重金属污...     

固城湖水生植物的组成现状和动态变化研究初探

对固城湖水生植被现状和动态变化进行研究,为水生植被控制和恢复提出针对性的意见,同时也为长江中下游流域中的类似湖泊提供沉水植被科学管理的依据。     

Impact of emission from oil shale fueled power plants on the growth and foliar elemental concentrations of Scots pine in Estonia

To study the impact of air pollution on the growth and elemental composition of conifers, 5 sample plots wereestablished at different distances and directions from theEstonian Power Plant (Northeast Estonia) in 1999–2000. Theselected stands were 75–80(85)-yr-old parts (0.05 ha) of(Oxalis)-Myrtillus site type forest of 0.7–0.8density. The soils of all sample plots were Gleyic Podzols(Lkg) on sands. The several times higher Ca concentration inthe humus horizon of the sample plot NE from the Estonian PPis caused by the prevailing westerly and southerly winds whichcarry more pollutants NE from the power plant than to SSW. Toascertain the effect of power plants on the growth of Scotspine (Pinus sylvestris L.), the length growth of theneedles and shoots formed in 1997–2000, dry weight of 100needles, and density of needles on the shoots were measured.As compared to the control, the strongest inhibition of growthwas revealed in the sample plots situated 22 km north-east and17 km south-west from the Estonian Power Plant. As compared tocontrol, the needles of trees growing on sample plots closerto the power plant showed higher contents of Ca, S and Zn. Thecontent of Mg in needles increased with distance from thepollution source. Current year needles had higher contents ofCu and Zn than older needles. Today the amounts of fly ashemitted from Narva power plants are fallen. Long-term fly ashemission has caused changes in the measurements ofmorphological parameters and chemical composition of needles.     

Comparative studies on accumulation of Cr from metal solution and tannery effluent under repeated metal exposure by aquatic plants: its toxic effects

The present study demonstrates comparison of Cr accumulatingpotential by the plants of Najas indica Cham. (submerged),Vallisneria spiralis L. (rooted submerged) and Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. (rooted emergent) under repeatedmetal exposure and its effect on chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These plants were treated with different concentrations of Cr under repeated exposure in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the maximum metal accumulationpotential. The plants of V. spiralis accumulated significantly high amount of Cr under laboratory conditions incomparison to N. indica and A. sessilis. The maximumaccumulation of 1378, 458 and 201 g g^-1 dw Cr was found in the leaves of V. spiralis, N. indica and A. sessilis, respectively at 8 mg L^-1 after 9 day of Cr exposure. These plants have shown a decrease in chlorophyll andprotein concentrations with increase in Cr concentrations. In view of high accumulation of Cr in V. spiralis, the plantswere treated with different concentrations of tannery effluent collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant, Unnao (UP). Theplants of V. spiralis treated with 100% tannery wastewatershowed the maximum accumulation (57.5 g g^-1 dw) of Cr in the roots after 10 days of exposure. The plants were foundeffective in removing Cr from solution and tannery effluent.