共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Daegi Kim Kwanyong Lee Daeun Bae Ki Young Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1036-1043
The aim of this study was to produce renewable energy from exhausted coffee residue, which is a form of biomass. As coffee preference continues to increase, the importation of coffee beans has been increasing sharply. However, the amount of coffee that is actually consumed is only about 0.2% of coffee beans, while the spent coffee beans are discarded in the form of exhausted coffee residue. Hydrothermal carbonization is a method of producing an improved fuel from renewable energy sources by changing the physical and chemical properties of biochars. Biochars were obtained from a variety of reaction temperatures during hydrothermal carbonization and analyzed using elemental analysis, ultimate analysis, and calorific value measurement. The atomic C/O and C/H ratios of all obtained biochars decreased and were found to be similar to those of lignite and sub-bituminous coal. The highest energy recovery efficiency of biochar indicates that the optimum reaction temperature for hydrothermal carbonization was between 210 and 240 °C, which produced biochars with calorific value of approximately 26–27 MJ/kg. The spectra of biochars obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed fewer C–O and aliphatic C–H functional groups, but more carbonyl C=O functional groups and aliphatic CH x groups. The results of this study indicate that hydrothermal carbonization can be used as an effective means to generate highly energy-efficient renewable fuel resources from coffee residue. The thermogravimetric analysis provided the changing combustion characteristics due to increased fixed carbon content. 相似文献
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M. Sansotera W. Navarrini S. Talaeemashhadi F. Venturini 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(6):1491-1498
This study presents and analyzes the data of the Italian system for take-back and recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEEs) in the start-up period 2008–2010. The analysis was focused particularly on the data about the treatment of end-of-life cooling and freezing equipments. In fact, the wastes of cooling and freezing equipments have a high environmental impact. Indeed, in their compressor oil and insulation polyurethane (PU) foams chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ozone-depleting gases are still present. In the period 2001–2004 Northern Italy resulted the main source in Europe of CFCs. The European Directive on WEEE management was enacted in 2002, but in Italy it was implemented by the legislative Decree in 2005 and it became operational in 2008. Actually, in 2008 the national WEEE Coordination Centre was founded in order to organize the WEEE pick-up process and to control collection, recovery and recycling targets. As a result, in 2010 the average WEEE collection per capita exceeded the threshold of more than 4 kg per inhabitant, as well as cooling and freezing appliances represented more than one fourth of the Italian WEEE collection stream. During the treatment of end-of-life cooling and freezing equipments, CFCs were recovered and disposed principally by burner methods. The analyses of defined specimens collected in the treatment facilities were standardized to reliably determine the amount of recovered CFCs. Samples of alkaline solid salt, alkaline saline solution, polyurethane matrix and compressor oil collected during the audit assessment procedure were analyzed and the results were discussed. In particular, the analysis of PU samples after the shredding and the warm pressing procedures measured a residual CFCs content around 500–1300 mg/kg of CFCs within the foam matrix. 相似文献
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B. Shathika Sulthana Begum R. Gandhimathi S. T. Ramesh P. V. Nidheesh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(4):564-570
In the present work, the feasibility of using sludge generated in wastewater treatment plants of textile industry as a partial replacement for clay in the conventional brick manufacturing process is examined. Physico-chemical properties of the sludge and clay were studied. The characteristics of bricks with replacement of sludge (0–50 %) with an increment of 3 % were determined. All the brick samples satisfied the requirements of Indian Standards norms in terms of weight loss on ignition. The bricks with sludge up to 15 % satisfied the prescribed norms for compressive strength and water absorption. Results also showed that the brick weight loss on ignition was mainly attributed to the organic matter content in the sludge being burnt off during the firing process. The characteristics of bricks such as efflorescence, density and weight loss on ignition for bricks with replacement of clayey soil with textile sludge up to 15 % also satisfied the requirements of the Indian Standard. Thus, textile sludge up to 15 % can be effectively added to make brick material. 相似文献
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Masazumi Yamashita Mina Dozono Tomofumi Takahashi Katsuhisa Honda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(2):146-151
We examined the removal and degradation efficiencies of regenerated amorphous iron oxide on tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) in seawater. It was confirmed that following contact with iron oxide at 20 and 60?°C, the half-lives of TBT and TPT were shortened. These half-lives were from one-thousandth to one-tenth for natural environment conditions. Dibutyltin and benzene were identified as the reaction products from TBT and TPT, respectively, indicating that the degradation pathways were mainly dealkylation and dephenylation. These results indicate that the treatment method by natural energy will enable the economical and rapid reduction of organotin compounds (OTCs). For OTCs in seawater will be adsorbed on the iron oxide by the ebb and flow of the tide and solar energy will be heat source for degradation when iron oxide is prepared in coastal locations. 相似文献
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Hasan Mehedi Al Biruni Mir Tanvir Afia Antara Ahmed Tanvir 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2656-2668
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The recycling potential of water treatment plant (WTP) sludge in asphalt concrete mixes as filler material was assessed in this study. Marshall... 相似文献
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废甲醇催化剂的回收和利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
介绍了利用废甲醇催化剂生产活性氧化锌和五水硫酸铜的方法,试验结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:催化剂粒度80目;酸浸反应的硫酸浓度3.6则mol/L,100g原料中硫酸用量325mL;净化反应的pH控制在5—5.5,温度85℃;活性氧化锌煅烧温度800℃;铜粉焙烧温度600℃,通风量0.8L/min,焙烧时间2.5h;硫酸铜生产过程中,反应温度为60—80℃,时间2h。该方法具有工艺简单、操作方便、产品质量好的特点,并可减少环境污染,变废为宝,具有较好的经济效益。 相似文献
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Characteristics of steel slag under different cooling conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tossavainen M Engstrom F Yang Q Menad N Lidstrom Larsson M Bjorkman B 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2007,27(10):1335-1344
Four types of steel slags, a ladle slag, a BOF (basic oxygen furnace) slag and two different EAF (electric arc furnace) slags, were characterized and modified by semi-rapid cooling in crucibles and rapid cooling by water granulation. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of different cooling conditions on the properties of glassy slags with respect to their leaching and volume stability. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and a standard test leaching (prEN 12457-2/3) have been used for the investigation. The results show that the disintegrated ladle slag was made volume stable by water granulation, which consisted of 98% glass. However EAF slag 1, EAF slag 2 and the BOF slag formed 17%, 1% and 1% glass, respectively. The leaching test showed that the glass-containing matrix did not prevent leaching of minor elements from the modified slags. The solubility of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium varied in the different modifications, probably due to their presence in different minerals and their different distributions. 相似文献
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《Waste management & research》1984,2(1):75-83
Landfill gas (LFG) control measures and operating experience are described for two landfill sites which have been developed in the City of Carson, California. Investigations began in 1975 to develop a completed 10.5-ha Class II landfill site (household and commercial wastes) as a six-screen drive-in theatre including projection and concession facilities. LFG control facilities include 30 extraction wells for on-site protection, 19 perimeter extraction wells for migration control, blower/flare facilities and a subslab membrane and automatic gas detection system for backup protection during active system downtime.Investigations for the second site began in 1977 to develop 3.8 ha of a 7.2-ha Class II landfill site as a truck sales and service centre. LFG control facilities include 14 extraction wells, blower/flare facilities and a subslab membrane.Ongoing operation and maintenance of LFG control facilities is required at both sites to permit continued site occupancy. Activities include blower/flare maintenance, well field monitoring and adjustment, site settlement inspection and repair, monitoring system calibration and maintenance, etc.Buildings at both locations are supported on foundation piles driven through the former landfilled materials. 相似文献
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In the production of leather the main waste that remains after splitting of limed hides before tanning is the lowest layer of the skin together with the underlying fatty tissue (subcutis). It is characterized by a very high water content (up to 870 g kg−1) and a balanced content of protein (40–60 g kg−1 of the dry mass), fat (10–20 g kg−1) of the dry mass) and carbohydrates. The object of this work was to elaborate a method to process this waste into useful products. The treatment proposed involves washing to remove the inorganic salts, separation of fat and extraction of collagen in hot water solution and additional extraction of protein from the insoluble residue after hydrolysis with alkaline proteinase. This results in the isolation of three fractions: fat—cattle tallow (4–12% of the total mass of the initial material), collagen hydrolysate—glue (5–10%) and protein concentrate for fodder (1–3% yield). Up to 95% of the protein in the initial material was extracted. Further purification of the collagen hydrolysate fraction into edible gelatin was achieved. The proposed method is applicable to every leather factory. 相似文献
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