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基于模糊综合评价法与单因子指数评价法的水质评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过2012年5月至10月对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段的水质监测,采用模糊综合评价法对凡河榛子岭水库上游河段水体的水质状况进行了综合评价,同时与单因子指数评价法评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明,2种评价方法的评价结果存在较大差异,采用模糊综合评价法评价得到的水质评价结果相对较好;采用模糊综合评价法评价,仅6月的杨坟沟、岱海寨断面及9月的杨坟沟断面的水质为Ⅴ类,其他月份各监测断面的水质均符合Ⅲ类水质标准要求;而采用单因子指数评价法的评价结果仅9月份的杨坟沟断面的水质达到Ⅱ类水质,其余各月三个断面监测的水质均超出Ⅴ类水质标准。在水质评价中,应根据评价目的合理选择水质评价方法,使水质评价结果更为准确。 相似文献
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河流水质评价中模糊数学评价法的应用与比较 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
选择2005年6个典型日(1月12日、3月10目、5月10日、7月13日、9月8日和11月10日)的水质,运用两种模糊数学评价法对浙江西苕溪流域港口断面的水质进行评价并作比较。第一种数学评价法采用较为简单的单因素模糊综合评价法,另一种采用多级模糊数学评价法。评价结果表明,1月12日、3月10日和11月10日的水质达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准;而5月10目的水质相对最差。比较两种评价方法,单因素模糊综合评价法对单个因素的影响敏感,特别是超标值对最后的相对隶属度贡献大;而多级模糊评价法综合各个因素来评价现状水质,因而反映出水质的综合情况。结合港口断面的特点分析水质变差的原因,结论是:流域农业劳作带来的面源污染物质进入港口断面使得该断面在农作高峰期水质较差;同时,断面的水资源短缺问题较为严重,导致水环境容量较小,污染物较难稀释扩散。 相似文献
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A Water Quality Index Applied to an International Shared River Basin: The Case of the Douro River 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A Water Quality Index (WQI) is a numeric expression used to evaluate the quality of a given water body and to be easily understood
by managers. In this study, a modified nine-parameter Scottish WQI was used to assess the monthly water quality of the Douro
River during a 10-year period (1992–2001), scaled from zero (lowest) to 100% (highest). The 98,000 km2 of the Douro River international watershed is the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, split between upstream Spain (80%) and
downstream Portugal (20%). Three locations were surveyed: at the Portuguese–Spanish border, 350 km from the river mouth; 180
km from the mouth, where the river becomes exclusively Portuguese; and 21 km from the mouth. The water received by Portugal
from Spain showed the poorest quality (WQI 47.3 ± 0.7%); quality increased steadily downstream, up to 61.7 ± 0.7%. In general,
the water quality at all three sites was medium to poor. Seasonally, water quality decreased from winter to summer, but no
statistical relationship between quality and discharge rate could be established. Depending on the location, different parameters
were responsible for the episodic decline of quality: high conductivity and low oxygen content in the uppermost reservoir,
and fecal coliform contamination downstream. This study shows the need to enforce the existing international bilateral agreements
and to implement the European Water Quality Directive in order to improve the water quantity and quality received by the downstream
country of a shared watershed, especially because two million inhabitants use the water from the last river location as their
only source of drinking water. 相似文献
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Emerald M. Roider Donald Dean Adrian 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(2):322-333
Abstract: Selection of a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reaction model to incorporate into dissolved oxygen (DO) water quality models is an overlooked choice available to river water quality modelers. Data from rivers can serve in screening methods to discriminate between competing water quality models. In this study, 15 published BOD and DO datasets based on a 7 year long study of the Bormida River in Italy are used to calibrate three‐multiorder BOD models: first‐order, three‐halves order, and second‐order, which are then included in three corresponding DO models which incorporate these BOD models. The adequacy of the first‐order, three‐halves order and second‐order BOD models was evaluated by calculating the root mean square error between a model and data. A similar procedure was followed to evaluate three DO models, each of which incorporated one of the three BOD models. The first‐order BOD model most frequently fit the river data best, followed by the three‐halves order and the second‐order BOD models. The DO model incorporating a first‐order BOD model most frequently fit the data best, followed by the DO order incorporating second‐order BOD and the DO model incorporating three‐halves order BOD. 相似文献
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根据武夷山九曲溪2003-2007年水质监测资料,用均值型综合污染指数法对九曲溪水环境进行评价.结果表明,2003-2007年九曲溪水环境污染程度均为尚清洁级别,各断面水环境污染程度由重到轻依次为:星村码头>江墩桥>漫水桥>玉女峰>曹墩桥;溪流的主要污染物是粪大肠菌群,其次是五日生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数和溶解氧;污染源主要是沿岸生活垃圾渗滤液和一些粪便污水,竹筏漂流对水质影响很小. 相似文献
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《Journal of environmental management》1996,47(1):11-26
In this work on the management of water quality in a river basin by means of multiobjective programming, the programming model consists of three objectives that include simultaneously both economic and environmental factors. These objectives are the water quality of the rivers, the cost of wastewater treatment and the assimilative capacity of the rivers. In particular, this research is the first to take into account the last objective. For practical application, this paper proposes two methods of multiobjective programming, the constraint method and the step method. Furthermore, to illustrate the application of these techniques to water quality management problems, we use the basin of Tzeng-Wen River, Taiwan, as a case study. The results show that these methods work satisfactorily to improve the water quality, to ascertain the economic cost of wastewater treatment, and to allocate allowable loading in a manner of equality from non-inferior solutions. Alternatively, these methods provide important information for regulatory agencies to implement pollution control of river water. 相似文献
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MFAM模型在河流水质污染模拟及预测中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中以时间序列分析为基础,介绍了均值生成函数这一崭新概念,并且经成份因子提取分析推导建立了模拟序列的数字模型(简记为MFAM),经对黄河下游花园口断面的1988-1989年实测水质污染指标溶解氧(DO),氨氧,化学耗氧量(COD),五日生化需氧量(BOD5)等序列模拟,结果表明MFAM模型能较好地模拟河流水质污染指标的变化趋势,拟合平均误差只有5.2-6.4%,MFAM模型应用于预测1990-1991年水质污染指标变化,结果表明预测精度达85%以上,文中最后得出结论:MFAM模型应用于河流污染模拟和预测,是完全可行且十分方便。 相似文献
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采用污染分担率法确定评价因子,应用改进的模糊综合评价法对2003-2005年六安市淠河水质进行全面评价,并分析了其时空变化特征。结果表明:①2003-2005年淠河水质依次属于Ⅰ级偏向Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级偏向Ⅲ级和Ⅲ级偏向Ⅳ级,水质均能达到规划目标,但有恶化趋势。②2005年六安市淠河监测断面窑岗嘴大桥、光华厂、新安渡口、大店岗水质依次属于Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级偏向Ⅳ级、Ⅴ级和Ⅲ级偏向Ⅳ级,新安渡口断面水质达不到规划目标,其余断面达标。③2005年淠河新安渡口断面在丰水期、平水期、枯水期水质依次属于Ⅳ级偏向Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级偏向Ⅲ级和Ⅴ级,枯水期水质达不到规划目标,其余水期水质达标。④TN为首要污染物,其次为TP、COD和NH3-N,必须削减氮磷营养污染物,才能切实提高淠河水环境质量。 相似文献
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嘉陵江南充段水质监测分析与综合评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文依据南充市2011年~2013年嘉陵江流域水环境监测统计资料,采用单因子评价法和综合污染指数法分析与综合评价嘉陵江南充段水质污染特征和现状。结果表明,研究河段内的清泉寺、小渡口和李渡断面总氮含量超标属于地表水Ⅳ类水体,超标倍数年均值分别0.21、0.35、0.37,其他监测项目符合Ⅲ类水质标准,均属于轻度污染。彩虹桥断面总氮、总磷、氨氮、CODMn和BOD5含量超过Ⅲ类标准,均在Ⅳ~Ⅴ类范围,属于中度污染。综合分析嘉陵江南充段,水质主要污染指标为总氮,综合污染指数为0.38,水质综合评价结果属轻度污染。该评价结果能为嘉陵江流域的水环境保护和科学治理提供依据。 相似文献
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河流水质模型在双流县流域治理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究利用现有的河流水质模型,构建了一个可实时模拟河流水环境质量变化状况的动态模型。模型采用一维稳态单组分水质模型对河流的CODCr、NH3-N的降解进行计算,采用多宾斯-坎普稳态模型对河流的BOD、DO变化情况进行计算。模型引入水文数据、水质监测数据、环境统计数据、社会统计公报数据,以Excel作为数据平台,可以反演出河流不同月份、不同区段的污染物降解系数。研究将该模型应用于双流县的流域治理,以在锦江双流段的应用为例进行了具体说明。根据2008年双流县河流的相关数据,研究使用该模型反演出了锦江双流段的污染物降解系数,并对其反映的流域污染状况进行了分析。随后,研究使用该模型已计算出的岷江中段河流的降解系数,模拟计算了4种情景下锦江双流段出境断面的可能水质变化,以验证拟定的双流县流域治理方案的预期效果。模型具有实用性和进一步扩展的功能。 相似文献
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改进的内梅罗污染指数法在集中式饮用水源地环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
以《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)为基础,选取溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、CODC r等20项指标作为评价指标,采用内梅罗污染指数法的改进方法对内江市5处饮用水源地进行综合评价,并将评价结果与单因子评价法进行比较。结果表明,内江市5处饮用水源地水质状况较好;内梅罗污染指数法的评价结论比单因子评价法的评价结论更科学、合理和全面的反映综合水质状况。 相似文献
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通过多种内河水质净化方法的对比,分析了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的优势,阐述了絮凝剂投加和絮凝沉淀设备选用的要点,并以福州市安泰河水质净化工程为例,介绍了絮凝沉淀法净化内河水质的应用效果。 相似文献