可酸化性与酸化度作为高浓度有机废水厌氧酸化指标的研究

研究了糖蜜酒精废液的酸化规律,在此基础上定义了可酸化性(V C)与酸化度(α)的概念,作为评价高浓度有机废水可酸化特性以及实际酸化效果的指标.实验结果表明,糖蜜酒精废液的可酸化性为0 71.酸化过程产生的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)达3 710 9mg·L- 1 (以COD计)以上时,会对酸化反应本身形成反馈抑制.故测定较高浓度有机废水的可酸化性时,应采取稀释的方法降低废水浓度和酸产量,直至其酸化过程中VFA最高产量低于酸反馈抑制浓度后进行     

高浓度有机废水厌氧膜生物工艺处理的中试研究

高浓度有机废水ADUF工艺处理的中试研究结果表明 ,(1)厌氧池污泥SRT为 5 0d时 ,不仅COD去除率高 ,膜水通量也更稳定 ;(2 ) pH值宜采用在线控制为 7 0 ,温度则应在材质允许范围内尽可能高些 (本实验中为 39℃ ) ;(3)污泥负荷在1 0— 3 5kg/ (kg·d)之间时 ,污泥负荷对ADUF工艺的运行效果没有影响     

有机钙高温脱硫特性

为了控制燃煤二氧化硫气体的排放,采用智能定硫仪研究了有机钙的脱硫特性.原煤的硫析出速率曲线呈双峰形状,添加有机钙后,硫析出速率明显降低,曲线呈单峰状.1000℃下有机钙对长广煤的脱硫率比普通石灰石高1倍以上,其中醋酸钙镁的脱硫效果高达73.84%.煤的含硫量、反应温度、钙硫比、钙基添加剂粒径是影响有机钙脱硫效果的重要因素.煤的含硫量增大或钙基添加剂粒径减小都可以提高有机钙的脱硫率;随温度升高,高硫煤脱硫率下降幅度低于中硫煤和低硫煤,1 200℃高温下醋酸钙镁脱硫率为59.08%;按钙硫比为1添加有机钙可以获得较高的脱硫率,继续增加钙基添加剂,脱硫率的提高效果不明显.表明有机钙是一种脱硫效率较高的优良吸收剂,醋酸钙镁的脱硫效果最好.     

湿式氧化处理高浓度难降解有机废水研究

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,系统地研究了高浓度难降解乳化废水的影响因素和动力学特征.结果表明:湿式氧化温度以220℃为宜;TOC去除率为73 2%～82 1%;供氧量以1 0～1 25倍理论需氧量为宜;在较宽浓度范围内仍具有良好的处理效果;并建立基于TOC指数型经验模型.     

高盐度有机废水生物处理技术分析与展望

随着工业发展而产生的大量高盐度有机废水具有难处理的特点。通过对国内外高盐度有机废水处理工艺的研究进展进行分析,对包括物理法、化学法、生物法以及组合法处理高盐度有机废水的技术进行了综合比较,重点针对生物法阐述了高盐度对生物的影响以及微生物的耐盐机理,提出了采用组合工艺处理高盐度有机废水的良好发展前景。     

LPWCO method for the treatment of high concentrated organic wastewater

Based on wet air oxidation (WAO) and Fenton reagent, thispaper raises a new low pressure wet catalytic oxidation(LPWCO)which requires low pressure for the treatment of highlyconcentrated and refractory organic wastewater. Compared withgeneral wet air oxidation, the pressure of the treatment(0.1-0.6MPa) is only one of tens to percentage of latter(3.5-10MPa). Inaddition, its temperature is no more than 180℃.Compared withFenton reagent, while H2O2/COD(weight ratio) less than 1.2, theremoval of COD in the treatment is over twenty percents more thanFenton's even the value of COD is more than 14000mg/L. In thispaper, we study the effect factor of COD removal and the mechanismof this treatment. The existence of synergistic effect (catalytic oxidation and carbonization) for COD removal in H2SO4-Fenton reagent system under the condition of applied pressure and heating (0.1-0.6MPa, 104-165℃) was verified. The best condition of this disposal are as follows:H2O2/COD(weight ratio)=0.2-1.0, Fe2+ 0.6×10-3 mol, H2SO4 0.5mol, COD>1×104mg/L, the operating pressure is 0.1-0.6MPa and temperature is 104-165℃. This method suit to dispose the high-concentrated refractory wastewater, especially to the wastewater containing H2SO produced in the manufacture of pesticide, dyestuff and petrochemical works.     

厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术是一种新型自养生物脱氮工艺,处理低C/N比、高浓度氨氮废水具有突出优势.本文总结了厌氧氨氧化技术的应用现状和不同工业行业高氨氮废水的水质特征,分析了氨氮、有机物等因素对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,讨论了厌氧氨氧化技术处理高氨氮工业废水的可行性,最后对其在工业废水处理领域的研究重点做出了展望.     

含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水生物处理技术

采用硫酸盐还原一硫化物生物氧化一产甲烷-接触氧化工艺处理青霉素废水,硫酸盐还原与有机物甲烷化分别在两个反应器中进行,有效地避免了硫酸盐还原菌对产甲烷菌的竞争抑制;利用无色硫细菌将硫酸盐还原产物一硫化物氧化成s,消除了硫化物对产甲烷菌的毒害作用研究结果表明,当系统进水COD为4500～5000mg/L,SO₄^2-浓度为1500－1600g/L时,系统出水中COD为310～348mg/L,COD平均去除率为93．2％,SO^2-平均去除率为91．2％     

SBR工艺处理高盐有机废水的试验研究

采用SBR工艺分别研究了不同盐度驯化下的活性污泥的生物相和结构,及对COD、NH4＋-N、TP的去除率。结果表明,随着盐度的升高,活性污泥的微生物种类减少,结构变得紧密细小;盐度在1.5%范围内,SBR工艺对COD、NH4＋-N的去除率均达到90%以上;盐度为1%时,TP的去除率为76%。     

Effect of a high strength chemical industry wastewater on microbial community dynamics and mesophilic methane generation

A high strength chemical industry wastewater was assessed for its impact on anaerobic microbial com- munity dynamics and consequently mesophilic methane generation. Cumulative methane production was 251 mL/g total chemical oxygen demand removed at standard temperature and pressure at the end of 30 days experimental period with a highest recorded methane percentage of 80.6% of total biogas volume. Volatile fatty acids （VFAs） analysis revealed that acetic acid was the major intermediate VFAs produced with propionic acid accumulating over the experimental period. Quantitative analysis of microbial communities in the test and control groups with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction highlighted that in the test group, Eubacteria （96.3%） was dominant in comparison with methanogens （3.7%）. The latter were dominated by Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales while in test groups increased over the experimental period, reaching a maximum on day 30. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile was performed, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Eubacteria and Archaea, with the DNA samples extracted at 3 different time points from the test groups. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for the sequences using the neighborhood joining method. The analysis revealed that the presence of organisms resembling Syntrophomonadaceae could have contributed to increased production of acetic and propionic acid intermediates while decrease of organisms resembling Pelotomaculum sp. could have most likely contributed to accumulation of propionic acid. This study suggested that the degradation of organic components within the high strength industrial wastewater is closely linked with the activity of certain niche microbial communities within eubacteria and methanogens.     

含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水酸化规律研究

以糖蜜酒精废液为材料,通过梯度稀释和序批式酸化实验,研究了含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水的一般酸化规律.结果表明,糖质废水酸化的挥发酸(VFA)组分以乙酸和丁酸为主要形式;VFA对硫酸盐还原的完全抑制浓度介于23553～35241mg/L(以COD计)之间;VFA对产酸过程的反馈抑制浓度介于35241～37109mg/L之间;不同稀释度废水酸化后的可生化性提高幅度平均为10%.     

水质型缺水城市污水再生回用探讨

系统分析了水质型缺水城市污水再生回用的意义、可行性和用户的选择,对回用中存在的障碍及其相应的对策进行分析,以期为水质型缺水城市污水再生回用提供参考.     

Influence of osmotic distillation on membrane absorption for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia could not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference(MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation (MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method.     

厌氧酸化-好氧光合细菌法处理含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水

采用抑制硫酸盐还原的厌氧酸化工艺与两级好氧光合细菌工艺组合技术,处理含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水,实现了硫酸盐不转化状态下的污染物高效去除.结果表明,当连续流酸化反应器内挥发酸浓度达31112mgCOD/L以上时,硫酸盐还原将被完全抑制.酸化段采用CODCr为44251mg/L的较高进水浓度,容积负荷25.0kgCOD/(m³·d),出水经稀释后进入容积负荷为4.0kgCOD/(m³·d)的两级好氧膜法光合细菌反应器,最终COD_Cr去除率达99.0%,总氮去除率67.5%,而硫酸盐还原被完全抑制.在两级PSB反应器中,PSB2反应器主要起脱氮作用,较高的DO(5.0～6.0mg/L)有利于脱氮.     

Flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance of a pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale airlift oxidation ditch using bubble diffuser and baffle as aerator was operated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to investigate its flow characteristic and wastewater treatment performance. Compared with the conventional oxidation ditch process, effective depth and oxygen utilization efficiency of this new process was improved by underwater aeration. Furthermore, it had a reversed velocity distribution, which decreased from the bottom to the top on vertical section. Velocity measurement showed that a velocity over 0.2 m/s at the bottom was sufficient to prevent sludge settlement during long term operation. Application of these concepts would save land area and energy consumption by about 25%–50% and 55%, respectively. In this new system, organic biodegradation and nitrification could be well achieved. Denitrification could occur steadily in the straight part by adjusting the airflow rate. An average TN removal rate of 63% was achieved with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations between 0.6 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. The main pollutants in the effluent could meet the strictest discharge standard (COD<50 mg/L, NH₄ ⁺−N < 5 mg/L, and TN < 15 mg/L) in China now.     

高盐有机废水真空膜蒸馏处理中膜污染的微纳米气泡控制研究

为探究真空膜蒸馏处理高盐废水过程中有机物和盐类对膜污染的贡献以及微纳米气泡对不同类型膜污染的控制作用,选取腐殖酸、牛血清蛋白、海藻酸钠为典型有机污染物代表,分别考察单一有机物、有机物与盐共存对膜污染的影响以及采用微纳米气泡曝气对上述情况产生的膜污染的控制作用。结果表明：3种有机物中,海藻酸钠造成的膜污染最严重,当海藻酸钠浓度为100 mg/L时,真空膜蒸馏系统运行7 h后,相对膜通量降至67.07%;腐殖酸与盐共存造成的复合污染最严重,当进料液腐殖酸浓度分别为10、50和100 mg/L时,系统运行7 h后,相对膜通量分别降至36.33%、33.15%和20.59%;3种有机物与盐共存时,造成的膜污染比单一有机物与盐共存时更严重;微纳米气泡可以有效控制有机物与盐共存时对真空膜蒸馏系统造成的复合污染。

     

Organobentonites as adsorbents for some organic pollutants and its application in wastewater treatment

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A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants

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有机废水湿式O_3氧化降解过程的研究

采用 O3 湿式氧化降解含氯乙烯的有机废水 ,实验研究了不同 p H、不同温度以及不同初始氯乙烯浓度对反应过程的影响 ,初步探讨了在高 p H时 O3 的自分解催化产生自由基 OH·机理和污染物的氧化降解过程。通过实验研究与分析 ,获得了氯乙烯有机废水 O3 氧化过程的动力学方程     

Nitrification performance evaluation of activated sludge under high potassium ion stress during high-ammonia nitrogen organic wastewater treatment

The recycling reverse osmosis（RO） membrane concentrate of some high-ammonia nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N） organic wastewater to the biological unit could cause potassium ion（K⁺） accumulation, thereby affecting the removal of NH₄⁺-N by activated sludge. Thus, the effects of high K⁺ stress on activated sludge nitrification performance was studied. The results showed that the high K⁺ stress promoted the floc sludge to produce more extr...