安全与质量的协同管理研究

随着经济的快速增长,我国基本建设规模逐年增大,科技含量高、施工难度大的工程日益增多,工程质量风险、安全风险日益突出,给质量安全监管工作带来了新的困难和问题,提出了挑战。质量安全是工程建设的“底线”,它关系到投资效益的最大化,关系到和谐社会的建立。认真分析质量安全管理的共同点,正确处理两者的关系,将有利于提高质量管理水平,有效防范安全事故的发生。     

应用安全信息管理确保安全生产

叙述了安全信息管理在采煤生产管理中的应用、实施办法、步骤以及取得的效果。     

An investigation of occupational subgroups with respect to patient safety culture

There are varying views about the consistency of safety culture across a given organisation or industrial sector: some view it as homogeneous, whereas others have suggested the presence of sub-cultures that vary according to the work group or worksite. This paper reports on a study in which job characteristics and safety climate ratings from a sample of British community pharmacists (N = 860) were subjected to a cluster analysis, with the aim of identifying whether discrete groups can be identified on the basis of these ratings. A four-cluster solution was obtained from the analysis. Examination of quantitative and qualitative data from each cluster led to them being identified as: (i) the disenfranchising pharmacy; (ii) the perilous pharmacy; (iii) the safety-focused pharmacy; (iv) the challenging pharmacy. On the basis of the data obtained, safety culture appears to have both characteristics generic to all community pharmacies and characteristics specific to each cluster, with a number of social and organisational factors influencing the culture in any one setting. Implications for the modelling and assessment of safety culture are discussed.     

Factors influencing the implementation of a safety management system for construction sites

The objective of the study was to determine the influential safety factors that governed the success of a safety management system for construction sites. The number of incidences among construction workers and the level of awareness on matters concerning safety were also determined. The study involved a self-administered three-part questionnaire among the workers and interviews with industry experts involved in brick-laying, concreting and in related assorted trades. Part A of the questionnaire concerned personal particulars, Part B involved training and experience and Part C was based on 28 industry-accepted safety factor elements. The construction sites ranged from high rise buildings, landed houses and infrastructure renovation. The sample size was 275. From the survey it was found that the most influential safety factor was personal awareness followed closely by communication. Suggestions and recommendations on equipment design and improved work practices and procedures to improve the efficiency and productivity of construction workers were proposed. Management was urged to get their workers better informed about safety matters.     

煤矿安全管理探讨

煤矿安全管理是一项系统工程,是煤矿管理的重要环节,反映了煤矿综合素质的高低。要想打造＂本质安全型＂煤矿,必须提倡安全质量标准化和创新安全管理方法,全面推进煤矿安全管理工作走上规范化、制度化和法制化的轨道。具体管理措施包括：狠抓制度建设,实现标准化管理;营造＂安全文化＂氛围,树立以人为本理念;抓好安全培训工作,提高全员安全素质;转换安全管理思路,明确各级职责;实现现场安全管理法制化,促进安全管理健康有序发展;建设高质量安全监察队伍,提高安全监察效果。     

A comparative analysis of safety management and safety performance in twelve construction projects

IntroductionSafety management in construction is complicated due to the complex “nature” of the construction industry. The aim of this research was to identify safety management factors (e.g., risk management and site management), contextual factors (e.g., organisational complexity) and combinations of such factors connected to safety performance. Method: Twelve construction projects were selected to compare their safety management and safety performance. An analytical framework was developed based on previous research, regulations, and standards where each management factor was defined. We employed qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to produce case knowledge, compare the cases, and identify connections between the factors and safety performance. The material collected and analyzed included, for example, construction planning documents, reports from OHS-inspections, safety indicators, and interviews with project leaders and OHS experts. Results and conclusions: The research showed that: (a) the average score on 12 safety management factors was higher among projects with high safety performance compared to projects with low safety performance; (b) high safety performance can be achieved with both high and low construction complexity and organizational complexity, but these factors complicate coordination of actors and operations; (c) it is possible to achieve high safety performance despite relatively poor performance on many safety management factors; (d) eight safety management factors were found to be “necessary” for high safety performance, namely roles and responsibilities, project management, OHS management and integration, safety climate, learning, site management, staff management, and operative risk management. Site management, operative risk management, and staff management were the three factors most strongly connected to safety performance. Practical implications: Construction stakeholders should understand that the ability to achieve high safety performance in construction projects is connected to key safety management factors, contextual factors, and combinations of such factors.     

ACT method for safety training: An approach to improve on-site safety performance

Unsafe behavior is one of the main causes limiting the improvement of on-site safety performance. Safety training is an important means of preventing unsafe behavior. With changes in the scale of operations and employee characteristics, traditional training methods have largely failed to meet the practical demands. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of safety training, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the current training methods, demonstrates the potential value of accident cases for improving the training effect, and the advantages of 24Model for case analysis in safety training. Subsequently, this paper constructs a systematic training system with Accident-Cause-Training (ACT) as the training relationship chain, which runs the accident cases throughout the training process, 24Model is utilized to trace the unsafe behaviors that lead to accidents from the perspectives of organizational and individual level, and the training content is established according to the analysis results. This paper also conducts a case study to verify the operability of the ACT method, specifically, a training programme for limited space operations at a national-level oil and gas storage and transportation company is designed and implemented. Finally, by comparing the similarities and differences between the ACT method and other training methods from various perspectives, the universality and participation of the ACT method are proved, and the development trend of the ACT method is also discussed. It is believed that the proposed ACT method could enrich the types of safety training methods and provide an effective and scientific tool to enhance the safety performance of field operations.     

强化外委工程安全管理

武钢第二炼钢厂强化外委工程的安全管理,收到良好效果。     

谈谈中药制药企业抓好安全管理的经验和体会

中药制药企业安全工作虽进步很大,但仍存在一些问题.介绍了几点抓好安全生产管理的经验与体会.     

Diagnosis of safety culture in safety management audits

Based on the sociotechnical systems approach, an understanding of safety culture as deeply rooted assumptions about the interplay of people, technology, and organization in their relation to safety is presented. As a complement to audit methods aimed at assessing formal safety management, a questionnaire was developed which allows some indications of these assumptions to be captured by providing data on perceptions regarding operational safety, safety and design strategies, and personal job needs. Analyzing response patterns of different occupational, hierarchical, and organizational groups within a company in combination with formal audit results and the communicative validation of both in a feedback meeting can help the auditors as well as the members of the company to gain a deeper understanding of safety management and safety culture in that company. Results from seven audits in petrochemical plants are presented and discussed with respect to the validity and practicability of the chosen approach.     

太钢安全工作新思路的尝试

太钢自1996年以来,开始了“大安全”工作思路,狠抓了人身安全,职业卫生安全,设备设施安全,生产组织安全,技术工艺安全,交通安全,消防安全,后勤保障安全,医疗卫生安全,环境保护,社会活动安全等,取得了很大效果。     

冗余系统应用于安全管理的探讨

利用故障树方法证明了系统中增加有效的冗余件能大大增加系统的安全性，提高设备的本质安全化的水平，加强了安全管理的效果，同时对冗余系统的插入方式进行了分类，列举了应用实例。     

Enhancing regional process safety management

As industrial operations expand, major incidents continue to affect people, damage facilities, and impact the environment. In the last 20 years, about 50% of these incidents occurred in facilities that had implemented some form of Process Safety Management (PSM) and 50% came about in smaller facilities that did not include such planning (Demichela et al., 2004). The objective of this article is to use PSM principles to create practical recommendations at the regional level, to complement those previously developed for singular facilities. This article compares Strathcona County Emergency Service (SCES) in Alberta with Technical Standards & Safety Authority (TSSA) in Ontario, with respect to safety, facility licensing, permit requirements, risk assessment procedures and land use planning aspects to determine PSM enhancements for SCES. Furthermore, for a better overview, two supplemental provincial organisations in Alberta, namely Alberta Boiler Safety Association (ABSA) and Safety Codes Council (SCC), were also considered. We proposed that SCES could develop more detailed facility-specific licensing procedures, auditing, and inspection. SCES could also provide details of accredited organisations that carry out inspections and audits on their behalf. When reviewing the quantitative risk assessment processes for SCES and TSSA, we recommend that SCES should update their probability data sources used in their cumulative risk assessment study. Based on the authors’ experience and gathered data, the use of additional facility practices such as safety management system, internal audits, and checklists can enhance incident prevention.     

国内外危险化学品安全管理体系探讨

长期依赖法律法规的主导作用而忽略危险化学品安全技术的研究,使得危险化学品安全管理和安全技术的基础薄弱,已经严重阻碍了我国危险化学品安全管理体系的完善。本文介绍了国内外危险化学品安全管理的最新研究进展。在结合国际研究热点和先进安全管理模式的基础上分析了当前我国危险化学品安全管理存在的主要问题,并提出了我国危险化学品安全管理的应对措施、今后的研究重点和发展趋势。     

Exploring the information literacy of professionals in safety management

With the rapid development of increasingly complex technology and large scale industrial projects, all kinds of safety problems become extremely intricate in daily safety management (SM). It is therefore indispensable to effectively collect, analyze, assess, and synthesize information that is relevant to accident risk. In this paper, the concept of the information literacy (IL) of professionals in SM is proposed, and a conceptual framework is put forward. Further, determinants of the IL of safety professionals are suggested, including individual attributes, safety climate and culture, information infrastructure, information technology (IT) human resources, production technology and management, and national information policy, law and ethics. Of course, further research on the IL of safety professionals should be carried out for effective SM.     

安全管理系统工作平台建设与应用实践

为了规范管理工厂安全制度文件体系,完善企业的安全管理制度,在对商业化安全管理软件分析的基础上,该文设计开发了适合自己企业的安全管理系统工作平台．其构架主要由综合设计、规章制度管理、审核检查管理、安全活动管理、安全资料、职业健康法律法规等九个模块构成,并对主要的三个模块进行了详细地介绍。这个平台系统设计和实施过程,促进了企业安全生产制度体系的整理和完善,为提高企业安全生产管理水平提供了又一种新的技术保障手段。     

安全管理学视阈下的安全标语研究

为增强安全标语在安全管理应用中的有效性,从安全管理学视角,提出安全标语的概念和功能,构建安全标语功能的伞状结构;从大安全角度,划分安全标语的类型;分析安全标语的传播过程,构建安全标语的传播模型和目视管理模型。结果表明:发挥安全管理功能是安全标语设置的最终目的,保证安全标语有效传播是其发挥安全管理功能的基本前提。指出安全标语创作及应用目前主要存在的问题,其应遵循内容健康,引导正确等基本要求,并应具有实用性等6种倾向。     

论企业安全文化建设与安全管理体系运行

安全文化的概念被提出以来,国内外出现了多种安全文化的定义,对企业优秀安全文化特征的论述也多种多样。总体看来,优秀的企业安全文化应具有鼓励报告性、公平公正性、持续改进性和灵活可塑性四种基本属性。此外,在拥有优秀的安全文化的企业中,组织的全体成员应具有积极的安全态度、较高的风险认知能力和安全行为能力。优秀的安全文化不是自然形成的,需要正确的安全文化建设方法。基于对如何建设优秀安全文化的分析,建立了安全文化建设和安全管理体系运行之间的关系,分析了优秀安全文化的特征内容和安全管理体系要素之间的对应关系,提出了通过企业安全管理体系的有效运行来建设安全文化的思路,避免了企业安全文化建设和安全管理工作的重复和交叉。     

从安全生产管理体制到安全生产运行机制

“企业负责 ,行业管理 ,国家监察 ,群众监督”的安全生产宏观管理体制的确定 ,对我国安全生产工作起到了积极的促进作用。但是 ,随着我国改革开放的不断深入和市场经济体制的建立 ,该管理体制的概念和内容已不能适应当前形势发展的需要。为此 ,笔者建议使用“安全生产运行机制”的概念代替“安全生产管理体制”的概念 ,并提出我国应该建立和完善“国家监督 ,部门负责 ,企业自律 ,职工维权 ,中介服务”的安全生产运行新机制。     

企业外用工安全管理探讨

企业用工制度改革后,外用工越来越多,给企业安全管理带来了许多新的问题。叙述了对外用工安全管理中存在的问题,提出了改进措施。