涤纶碱减量废水环境影响及其资源化利用技术

在大量调研的基础上,通过分析碱减量废水来源、水质特点、产生的环境问题及废水处理的难点,结合碱减量废水资源化技术发展现状、技术应用情况、处理设备成套化水平及在应用中存在的问题,认为从碱减量废水中回收对苯二甲酸具有可行性和必要性。建议国家和地方在纺织产业结构调整过程中,通过制定技术政策和加强环境监督,引导企业积极对碱减量废水进行回收,实现环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。     

某企业高浓度碱减量废水预处理方案探讨与分析

印染行业产生的碱减量废水因其高COD和强碱性等特点难以处理。本研究利用含有钙盐的改良型混凝沉淀法和酸析法分别对某企业碱减量废水进行处理,并对药剂的选择、反应温度、反应时间和反应pH进行了探讨。结果表明：18℃条件下,调节pH=10,CaC12最佳投加浓度6g／L,混凝后废水COD降低75％;调节pH=3,投加PAM进行酸析处理,COD去除率为77％,回收的TA纯度为92％。结合企业要求与废水特点,改良型混凝沉淀法为现阶段适宜的处理方案。     

涤沦仿真丝印染废水治理技术的研究及其应用

采用化学法去除对苯二甲酸，对高浓度涤纶仿真丝印染废水进行治理。结果表明：该技术对碱减量废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ的去除有显著的效果。当废水的ｐＨ值在１２～１４，ＣＯＤＣｒ含量在１００００～３３０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，将废水的ｐＨ值调节到４～６，出水ＣＯＤＣｒ能降至１０００～２７００ｍｇ／Ｌ之间，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率为７７％～９５５％。为涤纶纺真丝印染废水治理达标排放奠定了基础     

日拟用聚酯纤维加工废液回收对苯二甲酸

由聚酯纤维减量加工时产生废碱液回收对苯二甲酸的项目，今年秋委将在日本福井县工业技术中心进行实用化研究。该项目由东丽、帝人、可乐丽等八家聚酯厂家共同进行，由日本化学纤维协会设立工作组，加强试验装置规模确定、设计等。为便聚酯长纤维织物具有柔软等新的手感，需在染色加工厂浸苛性碱液，溶解表面进行减量加工，由此产生的废碱液再资源化项目，系以回收碱液中的聚酯原料对苯二甲酸进行再资源化为目标。此项研究很早就进行过，但回收的对苯二甲酸纯度低，需要精制，成本非常高。有关专家认为，采用反渗透膜等分离膜可使成本降低。…     

水解酸化-复合式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理涤纶碱减量废水的试验研究

采用水解酸化复合式膜生物反应器组合工艺处理涤纶碱减量废水。实验结果表明,本工艺处理效果非常明显,系统出水CODCr为26.6～68.03mgL,系统的CODCr总去除率达到93%～98%,对苯二甲酸的降解率超过94%。水解酸化工艺对苯二甲酸的降解作用很小,降解率为0.23%～6.02%;但对乙二醇的降解作用却非常明显,降解率达到58.94%～71.49%,水解酸化工艺将废水的可生化参数BC提高了0.173～0.227。多孔柔性悬浮填料,一方面,提高了对膜表面的冲刷作用,减少膜表面的沉积层;另一方面,增加了原生动物和后生动物在MBR中的数量,有效地减轻了膜污染。     

活性炭对海岛纤维开纤剥离废水中回收TA吸附效果的研究

采用活性炭吸附做为海岛纤维开纤剥离废水直接酸析前的预处理,净化废水,提高回收TA的品质。对工艺条件进行了系统研究。以酸值、光密度和灰分为考核指标,设计正交实验,得出因素影响水平为:活性炭投入量>吸附温度>吸附时间>振荡速度,分析各因素对回收TA性能的影响趋势,建立回归方程。同时建立活性炭对废水中COD,TA的吸附理论模型(Langinulr和Freundlich等温方程),结果表明Freundlich等温方程能较好反应此吸附过程。     

含对苯二甲酸有机废水厌氧降解动力学

含易降解有机物的对苯二甲酸（TA）有机废水在厌氧处理时,其中易降解有机质通过甲烷发酵被优先利用,其中间代谢物对对苯二甲酸的降解有抑制作用,同时,TA自身的降解也存在底物抑制现象本文建立了有易降解有机质存在时TA厌氧降解的抑制动力学模型方程并利用非残性回归,确定了模型参数实验数据对该动力学方程能较好地拟合在此基础上提出了两段厌氧处理新工艺。     

利用印染厂碱减量废水脱硫试验及其应用研究

介绍了化纤印染厂坯布前处理工序产生的碱减量废水作锅炉烟气SO2脱硫剂的试验研究结果，分析了碱减量废水脱硫反应过程及其机理，同时设计了一套经济适用的新型的文丘里旋流湿式脱硫除尘器。工业性试验运行结果表明，利用碱减量废水脱硫以废治废，经济效益和环境效益显著。     

印染行业一种废碱液回收和利用方法

印染企业是用碱大户,不论是涤纶织物还是真丝生产工艺,还是棉布、T/C布炼漂工艺,都大量使用液碱或固碱作为生产原材料.按常规生产方法,用碱量大,产生的含碱废水污染负荷高,治理难度大.普通的化学混凝沉淀法和气浮法去除效果差,废水排入环境危害程度严重.目前,印染企业普遍采用碱减量法对涤纶织物进行前处理后再进行染色和印花.其工艺流程为:坯布→准备→常温炼糟碱减量处理→冲洗→酸洗→染色或印花→定型后处理.在常温炼糟碱减量过程中,浓碱对绦纶织物起到酯键水解催化作用.由于在碱溶液中进行水解时,生成的酸和碱作用生成盐,平衡被破坏,使水解反应可以进行到底,反应成为不可逆.这样使涤纶丝变细而柔软,达到仿真丝目的.炼糟中的碱浓度逐渐递减,杂质和色度增加,使用一段时间后就不符合生产要     

氨基-J酸废水处理及资源化研究

用PCW 5萃取剂对氨基 J酸废水进行了萃取处理 ,废水的CODCr去除率 >95 % ,萃取液用碱液反萃回收氨基 J酸产品 ,每立方米废水回收 2 7 9kg氨基 J酸 ,回收产品符合工业品质量要求     

黄浦江上游水源保护区工业废水的致突变性

对黄浦江上游水源保护区9家工厂工业废水应用Ames试验进行致突变性研究,结果表明,这些废水对TA_(98)菌株均有明显的致突变作用,其中有2家厂的废水未经活化对TA_(100)有致突变作用。通过计算最低致突变剂量和致突变指数,确认了排放大户,为有效地控制排放提供依据。     

预处理-两段好氧工艺处理PTA生产废水的开工运行

针对Amoco技术PTA生产排水中TA含量高的特点，采用预处理-两段好氧工艺处理该废水在洛阳石化总厂成功地实施了工业运行。介绍了开工过程并对有关问题进行了讨论。     

Stability of expanded granular sludge bed process for terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPD wastewater), containing averaged 710 mg/L terephthalic acid(TA) as the main carbon source and the character pollutant, was subjected to expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) process. The stability of the EGSB process was firstly conducted by laboratory experiment. TA ionization was the predominated factor influencing the acid-base balance of the system. High concentration of TA in wastewater resulted in sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the volatile fatty acids(VFA)generated from substrate degradation and provided strong base for anaerobic system to resist the pH decrease below 6.5. VFA and UFA caused almost no inhibition on the anaerobic process and biogas production except that pH was below 6.35 and VFA was at its maximum value. Along with the granulating of the activated sludge, the efficiency of organic removal and production rate of biogas increased gradually and became more stable. After start-up, the efficiency of COD removal increased to 57%—64%, pH stabilized in a range of 7.99—8.04, and production rate of biogas was relatively high and stable. Sludge granulating, suitable influent of pH and loading were responsible for the EGSB stability. The variation of VFA concentration only resulted in neglectable rebound of pH, and the inhibition from VFA could be ignored in EGSB. The EGSB reactor was stable for TPD wastewater treatment.     

Biodegradability of terephthalic acid in terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater

As the characteristic pollutant,terephthalic acid(TA)was in charge of 40%-78% of the total COD of terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPW-water).The studies on biodegradability of TA were conducted in a serial of activated sludge reactors with TPW-water.TA appeared to be readily biodegradable with removal efficiency over 96.5% under aerobic conditions,hardly biodegradable with removal efficiency below 10% under anoxic conditions and slowly biodegradable with a turnover between 31.4% and 56.0% under anaerobic conditions. TA also accounted for the majority of BOD in TPW-water.The process combined by anoxic,anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge reactor was suitable for TA degradation and TPW-water treatment.Further, the aerobic process was essentially much more effective than the anaerobic or anoxic one to degrade TA in TPW-water.     

静态混合器在污水处理装置上的应用

介绍了螺旋式管道静态混合器的结构和原理．在PTA污水处理装置上，采用三级静态混合器进行得水混合，代替了均质池加搅拌机的传统混合方法．收到了良好的效果．实现了投资省、耗能低、维修容易、混合效果好的目的．为污水处理领域进行污水混合提供了新的行之有效的方法．     

A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants

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以缓释肥的形式回收污泥溶解液中磷的研究

以聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为絮凝剂,单宁酸为助凝剂回收污泥溶解液中的磷。研究结果表明:在铁盐投加量为160mg/L,pH为8,单宁酸投加量为10 mg/L条件下,磷酸盐的回收率可达到97.0%。单宁酸促进了混凝沉淀物中磷的释放,表明利用该方法回收磷作为缓释肥的可行性。将沉淀物作为缓释磷肥施用于土壤中能够明显促进黑麦草的生长。     

Activated carbon supported TiO2-photocatalysis doped with Fe ions for continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor

Fe-doped TiO2 coated on activated carbon (Fe-TiO2/AC, FTA) composites were prepared by an improved sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray di ractometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and BET surface area analysis. Obtained FTA composites were applied to the continuous treatment of dye wastewater in a dynamic reactor. The e ects of Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate of the continuous treatment of dye wastewater on degradation e ciency were analyzed to determine the optimum operating conditions of dye wastewater degradation. Continuous photocatalytic experiments provided interesting results that FTA had a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate compared with TiO2, Fe doped TiO2 (FT) and TiO2 coated on activated carbon (TA). In particular, when using the FTA catalyst with a Fe ion content of 0.33%, the kinetic content (k = 0.0376) of COD removal was more than the sum of both TA (0.0205) and 0.33% FT (0.0166). FTA showed a high photoactivity because of a synergistic e ect between Fe ions and AC on TiO2, which is higher than the individual e ects of AC or Fe ions on TiO2. Additionally, for the photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater, the optimum Fe ion content, catalyst content, UV-lamp power and flowrate were 0.33%, 6 g/L, 60 W (two lamps) and 300 mL/hr, respectively. An investigation of catalyst reuse revealed that the 0.33% FTA showed almost no deactivation in photocatalytic degradation of naturally treated wastewater.     

PTA高效降解菌制备与PTA废水生物处理研究

筛选出了4株对苯二甲酸(TA)的高效降解菌,利用诱变技术,使菌种的DNA结构发生突变,提高了菌种降解性能,并对优化后的菌种进行固定化包埋,形成高效菌对苯二甲酸(PTA)废水生物处理技术,处理负荷达到5kgCOD/m3·d以上。