聚氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂处理染料废水的研究

研究了聚氯化铝-Fe_3O_4-聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水的去除效果。研究结果表明,该复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水具有较好的絮凝效果,在絮凝剂投加量为20 mg/L、废水pH值为8.0的条件下,该复合絮凝剂对硫化黑染料废水的浊度、色度、COD的去除率分别为95.59%,97.67%,85.55%。     

城市溢流雨水的磁絮凝净化初步研究

采用磁絮凝方法处理城市溢流雨水,以自制的絮凝剂PSFS和磁种为原料做絮凝试验,研究了磁场、絮凝剂投加量、磁种投加量、废水pH等参数对絮凝效果的影响.实验结果表明,磁场可以改变絮凝剂的理化性质,增强絮凝剂的净水效果.通过实验确定了最佳实验条件,在场强为8000 Cs,磁种投加量为200mg/L,絮凝剂投加量为4 mL/L...     

壳聚糖絮凝剂处理废水的研究进展

壳聚糖是一种新型天然高分子絮凝剂，对动植物无毒、无害。壳聚糖可以用于处理印染、味精、食品、含重金属离子废水等。系统地阐述了壳聚糖絮凝剂的结构及在水处理方面的研究应用情况，讨论了其絮凝机理，提出了看法。     

复合絮凝剂XG用于工业废水的处理

利用自制的复合絮凝剂 XG处理多种工业废水 ,研究了废水处理工艺过程和处理条件对絮凝剂处理废水效果的影响。实验结果表明 ,XG应用于造纸、毛巾厂、化工等工业废水处理 ,CODCr去除率达 75%～ 80 % ,脱色率 >80 % ,处理操作工艺简单 ,成本低 ,处理效果优于聚合氯化铝。     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究概况及例证

微生物絮凝剂是一类由微生物产生并分泌到细胞外具有絮凝活性的代谢产物。微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理比传统絮凝理论更复杂,国内外学者对此进行了大量研究。总结近年来国内外研究的相关文献,归纳了关于微生物絮凝剂絮凝理论的各种学说及其例证,指出了现在研究中存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

γ-聚谷氨酸与化学絮凝剂絮凝性能对比研究

比较了生物絮凝剂γ-聚谷氨酸与PAM、PAC及FeCl3等3种常规化学絮凝剂对5g/L高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效果.结果表明,γ-聚谷氨酸的絮凝活性较高,投加量在0.02g/L以上时均能获得》90%的絮凝率,其最佳投加量为0.30 g/L,此时上清液浊度为3.2NTU,絮凝率达97.82%,絮体粗大,固液分离迅速,产泥量小,无毒.γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂处理各种浓度工业废水的结果表明,其对溶解性有机物的去除效率不高,较适用于处理低浓度工业废水以及河流水体的净化,其在中、高浓度工业废水的处理中并没有显示出比PAM和PAC等化学絮凝剂更为优异的絮凝效果,且与PAM相比,γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂的投加量偏大.     

新型环保絮凝剂的研究及应用

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝、硫酸铁和四硼酸钠为原料,制备了无机高分子絮凝剂.研究了絮凝动力学对絮凝效果的影响.当焦化厂生化后废水pH在8.0左右、加入量为10mg/L时,除浊率达到98%以上.并初步分析了絮凝剂的絮凝机理.     

SDF絮凝剂的研制及在印染废水处理中的应用

以甲醛、二氰胺为主要原料,氯化铵为催化剂及一定量的助剂研制出SDF阳离子絮凝剂.对模拟废水和工业废水的处理结果表明,在最佳操作条件下,SDF絮凝剂对工业印染废水和模拟印染废水均有理想的处理效果,脱色率和CODcr去除率超过95%和75%,在和其他絮凝剂比较时,SDF絮凝剂的综合性能明显优于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)等絮凝剂.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的初步筛选及条件试验

从活性污泥中筛选到18株絮凝剂产生菌,经复筛得到一株高效絮凝剂产生菌L-3.分别研究了碳源、氮源、无机盐、初始pH值、培养温度等对其产生絮凝剂的影响.结果表明,葡萄糖、玉米淀粉是较好的碳源,酵母膏为最佳氮源,最适宜培养温度为30 ℃,初始pH为7～9,摇床转速为160 r/min.     

两株微生物絮凝剂产生菌的絮凝条件优化及鉴定

以絮凝菌A9和BS-5及其产生的絮凝剂为研究对象,通过改变碳源、氮源及初始pH值等因素研究絮凝菌的适宜培养条件,采用紫外扫描、Molish、蒽酮呈色反应和红外光谱等方法对这两种絮凝剂的成分进行检测,采用分子生物学等方法对菌株A9和BS-5进行菌种鉴定.结果表明,菌株A9和BS-5产生絮凝剂的适宜碳源均为可溶性淀粉,适宜氮源分别为酵母膏和NaNO3,适宜初始pH值分别为9.0和6.0,在此条件下产生的絮凝剂的絮凝率均达到95％以上.紫外扫描和红外检测等结果表明,菌株A9所产絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质,菌株BS-5所产絮凝剂的主要成分为多糖类物质和少量蛋白质.系统发育树分析结果表明,絮凝菌A9属于类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.),絮凝菌BS-5属于代尔夫特食酸菌(Delftia acidovorans).     

聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合氯化铁(PFC)对活性污泥的影响

阐述了化学絮凝的反应机理,论述了在活性污泥污水处理系统中加入聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合氯化铁(PFC)絮凝剂后,对污水的生物处理系统有无影响,确定了影响范围,实验结果表明在一定的污泥浓度和pH值范围内,适当的絮凝剂投加量可以提高CODCr的去除率,为城市污水厂中水絮凝处理产生的污泥找到了出路。     

Dust explosion risk moderation for flocculent dusts

The research presented in this paper is focused on dust explosions of coarse and fine flocculent (or fibrous) samples of wood and polyethylene. Hybrid mixtures of fibrous polyethylene and admixed ethylene were also studied. Experimentation was conducted by following standardized test procedures and using standardized apparatus for determination of maximum explosion pressure, size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise, minimum explosible concentration, minimum ignition energy, and minimum ignition temperature. A general trend was observed of enhanced explosion likelihood and consequence severity with a decrease in material diameter, as well as enhanced consequence severity with admixture of a flammable gas to the combustion atmosphere. The same phenomena are well-established for dusts composed of spherical particles; this highlights the importance of inherently safer design and the principle of moderation in avoiding the generation of fine sizes of flocculent dusts and hybrid mixtures of such materials with flammable gases.In addition to presenting experimental findings, the paper describes phenomenological modelling efforts for the flocculent polyethylene using four geometric equivalence models: radial equivalence, volumetric equivalence, surface area equivalence, and specific surface area equivalence. The surface area equivalence model was found to yield the best estimates of maximum rate of pressure rise for the flocculent polyethylene samples investigated experimentally.     

Modelling of the effect of size on flocculent dust explosions

The effect of size on the severity of explosions involving flocculent materials has been simulated by means of a model previously developed for spherical particles and here extended to the cylindrical geometry of flock. The model consists of the identification of the regime (internal and external heating, pyrolysis/devolatilization reaction, and volatiles combustion) controlling the explosion by the evaluation of dimensionless numbers (Bi, Da, Th and Pc) and then of the estimation of the deflagration index as a function of flocculent size. The model has been validated by means of explosion data of polyamide 6.6 (nylon) at varying diameter and length. The comparison between model and experimental data show a fairly good agreement.     

微生物絮凝剂处理造纸中段废水的实验研究

实验从土壤中分离筛选出1株絮凝活性较高的絮凝剂产生菌,经鉴定为1株黑曲霉.采用其产生的微生物絮凝剂M-2处理造纸中段废水,对絮凝条件进行了优化,在最佳絮凝条件下,M-2对造纸中段废水的CODcr去除率可达70.6%,浊度去除率可达91.7%,其絮凝效果优于传统的絮凝剂.     

絮凝--催化氧化法处理造纸中段废水

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）为絮凝剂,Fe^2＋／H2O2（Fenton试剂）为催化／氧化剂,采用絮凝-催化氧化法处理造纸中段废水。探讨了影响COD去除率的各种因素,确定了最佳的絮凝和催化氧化条件。研究结果表明：该法可使原水COD从1728mg／L降至52mg／L,废水COD与色度的去除率分别可达97．0％与98．5％,出水清澈透明,可以回收利用,为造纸废水的处理提供了新的技术方案。     

BFA-60微生物絮凝剂絮凝效果实验研究

从土壤中分离筛选得到一株产絮凝剂的菌株A-60,以其发酵液作为絮凝剂,取名为BFA-60.实验表明,BFA-60对各种菌悬液和固体悬浊液都有良好的净化效果.通过实际废水絮凝实验发现,该絮凝剂在污水处理行业及发酵工业的固液分离中具有较好的运用前景.     

用复合絮凝剂处理含乳化油废水的试验研究

本文对处理含乳化油废水所用的破乳絮凝剂进行了试验研究.分别采用电解质、无机高分子聚合物及电解质与高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水.结果表明,与采用单一药剂相比,电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合处理含乳化油废水具有投药量小、药剂费用低、处理效果好、pH值适用范围宽等特点.本文还探讨了电解质与无机高分子聚合物复合破乳的机理,并且提出处理不同浓度的含乳化油废水时电解质与高分子聚合物的最佳复配比例及配比规律.还讨论了投加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的协同作用.这些为工业应用提供了必要的技术参数.     

絮凝剂聚硅酸锌铁(PZFSiC)的研制和性能

在高模数水玻璃溶液中加入酸制备出聚硅酸,再引入适量的金属离子M(Zn、Fe),研制出一种新型的无毒无机复合高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸锌铁(PZFSiC).探讨了M与SiO2不同浓度比和不同pH值对PZFSiC的絮凝效果的影响,通过正交实验找出了最佳的制备工艺条件.在此基础上,进一步对两种不同的水样进行了絮凝实验,确定出水处理中最佳絮凝工艺条件.结果表明,PZFSiC具有较好的贮存稳定性,在使用PZFSiC时,适应的pH范围广.在实验过程中形成大而致密的絮体,沉降迅速,浑浊度去除率超过98%,COD去除率达93%.处理后的废水,出水水质好,水样澄清透明.在与同类絮凝剂对比实验中,效果优于PZSiC和PFSiC.     

天然有机高分子絮凝剂DXSL-I应用及环境效应的研究

对自制天然有机高分子絮凝剂DXSL-I实际应用和环境生物效应进行初步的实验研究。实验结果表明,DXSL-I对高浓度油污水具有较高的处理效率;当油份浓度大于2000×10-6g/L时,只需要处理10h,处理效率就能达到60％以上,可用于高浓度油污水的快速预处理。通过生物实验可以明显的观察到,孔雀鱼的LD50约为416×10-6g/L,泥鳅的LD50约为870×10-6g/L,因而可以推定其具有相对较高的环境安全性;而且经过DXSL-I常规浓度处理的养殖用水对某些水产养殖生物的生长具有改善促进作用。表明,DXSL-I在水处理中具有较理想的实际应用前景。     

Explosibility of polyamide and polyester fibers

The current research is aimed at investigating the explosion behavior of hazardous materials in relation to aspects of particulate size. The materials of study are flocculent (fibrous) polyamide 6.6 (nylon) and polyester (polyethylene terephthalate). These materials may be termed nontraditional dusts due to their cylindrical shape which necessitates consideration of both particle diameter and length. The experimental work undertaken is divided into two main parts. The first deals with the determination of deflagration parameters for polyamide 6.6 (dtex 3.3) for different lengths: 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm; the second involves a study of the deflagration behavior of polyester and polyamide 6.6 samples, each having a length of 0.5 mm and two different values of dtex, namely 1.7 and 3.3. (Dtex or decitex is a unit of measure for the linear density of fibers. It is equivalent to the mass in grams per 10,000 m of a single filament, and can be converted to a particle diameter.) The explosibility parameters investigated for both flocculent materials include maximum explosion pressure (P_max), size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (K_St), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), minimum ignition energy (MIE) and minimum ignition temperature (MIT). ASTM protocols were followed using standard dust explosibility test equipment (Siwek 20-L explosion chamber, MIKE 3 apparatus and BAM oven). Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were undertaken as indicated by the following examples. Qualitative observation of the post-explosion residue for polyamide 6.6 indicated a complex interwoven structure, whereas the polyester residue showed a shiny, melt-type appearance. Quantitatively, the highest values of P_max and K_St were obtained at the shortest length and finest dtex for a given material. For a given length, polyester displayed a greater difference in P_max and K_St at different values of dtex than polyamide 6.6. Long ignition delay times were observed in the BAM oven (MIT measurements) for polyester, and video framing of explosions in the MIKE 3 apparatus (MIE measurements) enabled observation of secondary ignitions caused by flame propagation after the initial ignition occurring at the spark electrodes.