天津市臭氧污染现状与污染特征分析

通过臭氧监测实验,系统研究了天津市城区的臭氧污染现状、污染特征和时空分布规律,并从空间上确定了城市城区易发生光化学污染的敏感区域、高发区域.     

作者投稿须知

为提高工作效率,《中国环境监测》编辑部网上采编系统现已使用,形成了籍于稿件处理过程中录用信息、版面费、发票等情况查询一体的业务流程。投稿时,请作者登录《中国环境监测》编辑部网站     

投稿须知

正投稿请登录本刊网站:http://hiicgl.cnjournals.net,在"作者登录"区注册投稿。稿件中请注明联系电话、通信地址。3个月未见本刊修改意见或录用通知,作者可自行另投他刊。来稿若属基金项目、国家攻关项目     

日本城市环境监测技术系统运营管理研究与借鉴

日本城市环境监测技术系统管理经历多年探索和总结,形成了成熟的运营模式,对我国现行技术系统的管理实践极有借鉴价值.目前环保部门在相应的管理、技术和人才等方面准备不足,面对社会专业化公司的参与,在管理和运营中暴露出一些问题,比较和借鉴国外市场化运营理念,将促进我们管理思路的创新.     

徐州城市主要环境功能区空气微生物污染状况评价

通过对徐州城市主要环境功能区空气微生物(细菌总数和霉菌总数)进行监测,对照有关评价指标,作出空气微生物污染状况评价,对不同时间、不同区域的差异成因进行了初步分析.     

作者投稿须知

为提高工作效率,《中国环境监测》编辑部网上采编系统现已使用,形成了籍于稿件处理过程中录用信息、版面费、发票等情况查询一体的业务流程。投稿时,请作者登录《中国环境监测》编辑部网站(http://www.cnemce.cn),注册后按     

中国环境规划的探析

阐明了环境规划与国民经济和气候变化的关系。通过中美环境规划差异的比较和分析,指出健全和完善环境规划制度的重要性。对旧的环境规划体系进行改革,建立新的科学的环境规划体系是中国环境规划发展的必然趋势。     

创建国家环境保护模范城市软件资料体系的建立

软件资料的收集、整理与归档是创建国家环境保护模范城市(以下简称创模)的重点工作之一,贯穿创模的全过程.通过查看资料,可以了解该地区的环境状况是否达到模范城市的要求,同时参照创模考核指标,及时发现存在的重点、难点问题[1],以此推动城市基础设施建设.完整齐全的软件资料,可以使考核专家组在短暂的创模技术评估考核期间了解该地区的基本信息、社会经济发展程度、环境质量与管理情况、基础设施建设进展、污染源布局及治理达标等环境状况,便于专家组全面检查.因此,建立完备的软件资料体系是创模成功的重要保障.     

公众意见调查在建设项目竣工环保验收监测中的作用

阐述了建设项目竣工验收监测中公众意见调查的意义、特点、方法,以及公众意见调查在验收监测中的作用,指出公众意见调查在建设项目竣工环保验收监测中存在的问题是调查方法选择、公众环境意识局限性、公众代表性、公众意见调查内容设计、公众意见解决和落实,为此提出了改进建议.     

环境监控与预警征稿启事

<正>《环境监控与预警》公开发行(双月刊)经国家新闻出版总署批准,于2009年10月面向全国。刊物由江苏省环境保护厅主管、江苏省环境监测中心主办,南京大学环境学院与江苏省环境监测协会共同协办。国内统一连续出版物号为CN32-1805/X,国际标准刊号ISSN1674-6732.     

德阳市农用地土壤中镉的分布特征及异常来源分析

通过龙门山区域的德阳市6个县市农用地土壤中镉的采样监测,分析了该区域镉的分布特征及区域分异原因,并对其环境生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,德阳市农用地土壤中镉含量总体水平为0.11~4.68 mg/kg,呈现西北到东南逐渐降低的分布特征;西北部绵竹和什邡市农用地土壤中镉出现超标的范围较广,2个城市约62.5%的监测点土壤中镉出现超标,且绵竹市农用地土壤中镉超标程度和生态风险程度最重,绵竹地区约25%的监测点土壤中镉出现了轻中度超标;监测区域土壤中镉出现较重生态风险点共有4个,均出现在绵竹;但较高含量的镉在该区域并非大范围连片存在;区域农用地土壤中镉异常的来源主要为龙门山中段的地质背景和部分以矿石为原料企业的综合影响。     

Patchy Distribution Fields: An Interleaved Survey Design and Reconstruction Adequacy

A mathematical model was used to compare the effects of a regular (one-pass) or interleaved (two-pass) acoustic survey on the adequacy of reconstructing patchy distribution fields. The model simulates fish or plankton patches of different shapes and spatial orientations, and a set of parallel or zigzag transects forming a regular or interleaved acoustic survey. The efficiency of a survey is determined by the adequacy of a reconstructed field to that originally generated, which is evaluated by calculating their correlations. Regarding the immovable fields, the efficiency of a regular or interleaved acoustic survey was tested with the following two alternative assumptions: (1) the entire survey was completed; (2) the survey was interrupted for some reason at the moment when one transect remained non-accomplished. In the former case, the efficiencies of both acoustic surveys were nearly the same; in the latter case, the efficiency of an interleaved survey was superior to that of a regular one. With respect to movable fields, the efficiency of the completed interleaved surveys was even higher than that of the regular ones. Thus, the results obtained allow us to conclude that an interleaved survey is expedient in cases where there is no preference regarding the position of a vessel for further work.     

Topsoil and Housedust Metal Concentrations in the Vicinity of a Lead Battery Manufacturing Plant

The aim of the study was to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of a lead battery manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic, both in the general environment and within homes. Topsoils (0–5 cm) were sampled from 100 sites along 4 transects which crossed the battery factory, the town centre and outlying rural areas. Housedust samples were collected from 15 plant-workers' homes and 15 non plant-workers' homes located at various distances from the factory. Samples were analysed for levels of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb, using ICP-AES. Soil concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Sb peaked at the perimeter fence of the battery factory with Pb levels of up to 12 650 g g> ^-1. Concentrations of these metals decreased exponentially within 500 m of the plant. Whilst the battery factory does appear to be a source of all the metals with the exception of Zn, emissions do not appear to be transported to any great extent over distances of more than 0.5 km. Topsoil and housedust concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, As and Sb in the general Mlada Boleslav area do not appear to be significantly different from those recorded in a large scale survey of urban soils in the United Kingdom. A comparison of housedust Pb concentrations in homes of plant workers and non-plant workers suggests that there may be a small input of Pb into the home environment by battery plant employees.     

Plant Bioassays for an in Situ Monitoring of Air Near an Industrial Area and a Municipal Solid Waste – ŽILINA (SLOVAKIA)

The process of a bioindication of genotoxic effects of complex mixtures on the environment using higher plants is very appropriate and effective. We present the results of an in situ indication of the genotoxic effects of polluted environment near Žilina city. For a more complex monitoring we used: the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay, the Tradescantia microspore test and an evaluation of the abortivity of the pollen grains of native plant species. We found significant differences in the frequency of the micronuclei when using the Trad-MCN test in local of Dubeň. The Tradescantia pollen abortivity test showed significant differences in the frequency of the abortive pollen grains between the exposed groups and the control group. By using native plant species in the pollen abortivity test we found significant differences in both of the two locations for the four following species during two consecutive years: Artemisia vulgaris, Melilotus albus, Trifolium pratense, Typha latifolia.     

重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜中Hg、Pb的污染特征及相关性分析

通过对重庆市菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb的含量分析 ,发现土壤 Hg含量远远大于背景值 ,并且土壤 Hg的含量与菜地周围的环境密切相关 ;土壤 Pb的含量同背景值相差不大。Hg、Pb在土壤和蔬菜中的污染特征表现为主城区 >近郊区 >远郊区 ;并且不同蔬菜品种中 Hg、Pb的含量差异较大 ,在不同蔬菜种类表现为叶菜类 >果菜类 >根菜类。相关性分析表明同一菜地土壤和蔬菜中 Hg、Pb含量无相关性 ;不同菜地土壤和蔬菜 Hg、Pb含量不具有相关性。     

水样中双酚A检测技术研究

介绍了水样中双酚A检测技术的最新研究进展,评述了光谱分析、传感器检测、免疫检测及生物检测等四种方法的特点及实际应用情况,探讨了水样中双酚A检测技术的发展方向.     

我国城市噪声污染现状与特征

通过对8个大城市功能区噪声监测数据的分析,阐述了我国城市噪声主要污染区域、主要超标时段、噪声时间分布及季度变化等特征,为管理部门制定噪声防治政策提供参考.     

Sampling Scale Effects in Random Fields and Implications for Environmental Monitoring

The concept of a sampling scale triplet of spacing, extent and support is used to define the spatial dimensions of a monitoring network or a field study. The spacing is the average distance between samples, the extent is the size of the domain sampled and the support is the averaging area of one sample. The aim of this paper is to examine what is the bias and the random error (uncertainty) introduced by the sampling scale triplet into estimates of the mean, the spatial variance and the integral scale of a variable in a landscape. The integral scale is a measure of the average distance over which a variable is correlated in space. A large number of two dimensional random fields are generated from which hypothetical samples, conforming to a certain sampling scale triplet, are drawn which in turn are used to estimate the sample mean, spatial variance and integral scale. The results indicate that the biases can be up to two orders of magnitude. The bias of the integral scale is positively related to the magnitude of any of the components of the scale triplet while the bias of the spatial variance is different for different components of the scale triplet. All sampling scale effects are relative to the underlying correlation length of the variable of interest which is closely related to the integral scale. The integral scale can hence be used for sampling design and data interpretation. Suggestions are given on how to adjust a monitoring network to the scales of the variables of interest and how to interpret sampling scale effects in environmental data.     

土壤背景值数据差异的来源分析及土壤类型对背景值的影响

本文阐述了在我国共８６０多个土壤样品、４１种土类中的４８种元素背景值调查研究中,元素含量差异的来源并估计了各部分来源的差异所占比例;同时采用单因素方差分析法,研究了土壤类型对４８种元素背景值的影响。结果表明,土壤背景值数据的伯差主要来源于样品本身固有的差异;常量元素的采样偏差大于分析测试过程产生的偏差;而微量元素的分析测试偏差大于采样偏差。     

Knowing, Mapping and Understanding st. Lawrence Biodiversity, with Special Emphasis on Bird Assemblages

Environment Canada and the Québec Department of the Environment, partners in the St Lawrence Vision 2000 Action Plan, set out to prepare a compendium of knowledge of the flora and fauna of the St Lawrence and to identify potential conservation sites. The resulting Portrait is an Internet site that presents the current knowledge base of the river's ecological and biological diversity (http://lavoieverte.qc.ec.gc.ca/faune/biodiv/index.html). The Portrait provides information on over 5,000 species of flora and fauna. On the website, you will find a detailed ecological analysis of the richness, rarity and vulnerability of several broad groups of plant and animal species. Furthermore, you will find a list of species for each of the 700 survey units and a distribution map for 2,500 species recorded along the St Lawrence., in atlas form, along with a detailed conservation plan. The plan encompasses the most unique and heterogeneous landscapes of the St Lawrence, some of which have no protection at present. The Portrait provides an overview of the sites that are currently protected by public agencies and private-sector organisations and identifies new sites of interest for conserving biodiversity and protecting species at risk. This paper exposes the content of this extensive compendium on the biodiversity of the St. Lawrence. For conciseness, it presents some of the analyses conducted on birds to illustrate a few of the analytical approaches that were used. Then, the information on species richness and concentration areas for priority species of vascular plants, breeding birds and herpetofauna will serve to identify the terrestrial sites of significance for biodiversity. Finally, a similar approach having been applied to the aquatic environnement, we will conclude with a conservation plan that identifies the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the geographic sites where the most important elements of St. Lawrence biodiversity are concentrated. Our analysis of the biodiversity of the most thoroughly studied taxa of the St. Lawrence clearly shows the importance of wetlands, particularly those located at the mouths of rivers or within archipelagos or delta complexes, such as the groups of islands and channels found at both ends of the Montréal Archipelago. These aquatic landscapes are sites of intense biological production, combining in a small geographical area spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for a large number of fish species and breeding, rearing and foraging areas for aquatic birds. Variable flooding conditions, associated with seasonal flooding or daily tidal fluctuations, create a complex mosaic of wetland and aquatic habitats. Although wetlands occupy only a small area in comparison with terrestrial habitats, they support a large number of rare plant and animal species in relation to their size. At present, 10% of the vascular flora and 27% of the herpetofauna of the St. Lawrence are at risk. In the case of reptiles and amphibians, the situation is especially worrisome because nearly all of the most threatened species live in a narrow band along the river corridor. Not only is this the sector that is under the greatest pressure from human development, very little public land remains here, making it difficult to create protected areas. Increased participation by non-governmental organisations and individuals, through private stewardship arrangements, is an essential precondition for completing the network of conservation areas in this part of the St. Lawrence. Along the estuary and the Gulf, habitat integrity has not been affected as much by the expansion of Québec's human population. This is a vast territory, and sites have been identified with a view to making up for the deficiencies in the present network of protected sites in terms of representing biodiversity.