可燃及有毒气体报警器的规范化管理

科研单位在科研生产中存在着可燃及有毒气体泄漏的危险。基于风险管控要求,通过对中国石化北京化工研究院院本部设置的可燃及有毒气体报警器的统计,分析了科研一线部门和服务保障部门使用报警器的分布情况,介绍了院本部使用最多的报警器的种类及其核心部件气体传感器的工作原理,总结了可燃及有毒气体报警器的安全管理经验,为提升和优化科研单位的安全生产工作提出意见和建议。     

锅炉原煤仓自燃预警与惰化防火装置

原煤仓存煤自燃是电站锅炉安全运行的重要隐患，长时间以来缺少有效监测和控制手段。通过PLC模块对原煤仓仓壁敏感区域进行连续测温，辅以CO传感器和烟气感应器信号联合判断自燃趋势，避免了人工测量判断的主观误差的弊端。监测信号达到阈值时，自动控制电磁阀喷CO2灭火，实现全过程自动监测和灭火。对于未发生自燃的原煤仓也可自动定期进行气体惰化防火，降低存煤自燃概率，提高了整个系统的安全性。     

电除尘器检修管理信息系统的开发

介绍了电除尘器的应用情况及运行维护中主要检修内容。将需要除尘的电厂作为使用对象开发一个电除尘器检修管理信息系统,主要任务有前端应用程序的开发和数据库的设计与数据的准确录入,选用Visual Basic 6.0和Microsoft Access 2003相结合开发一个可视化的管理系统。该系统能为使用电除尘器的电厂提供基本的检修管理服务,从而保证电除尘器的安全、稳定运行。     

介绍一种含油污水处理新工艺

介绍了燃机电厂含油污水的来源、水质特性,说述了福州明达电厂采用的隔油-混凝沉淀-重力分离-粗粒化分离处理工艺的技术原理、工艺流程及运行效果。     

珠海发电厂脱硫改造及其运行调整

介绍珠海发电厂2×700 MW机组脱硫系统增容及取消旁路的实际改造情况,探讨了脱硫改造后系统运行的相关调整措施,确保了机组的安全、环保运行。     

脱硫石灰石粉生产线设计及应用

以姚孟电厂脱硫石灰石制粉工程为例,介绍了水泥粉磨技术在电厂脱硫剂制粉中的应用。运行结果表明,系统运行良好、效率高、能耗低,可作为电厂脱硫石灰石制粉的专门技术。     

田家庵电厂灰水炉烟处理系统运行现状及分析

针对田家庵电厂5号机组炉烟处理系统的运行现状，对结垢原因、除垢原理、运行参数分别进行了阐述。通过试验数据的统计分析，对系统有了完整的评价和认识，并就系统的安全、稳定运行提出了建议。     

欧盟国家燃煤电厂环保政策及技术路线分析

温室气体的排放控制作为全球性的环境问题受到了广泛关注。中国是火力发电的大国,其燃煤机组的温室气体排放总量巨大。《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13223-2011）提高了我国燃煤电厂的烟气污染物排放的要求,对火电厂烟气处理的技术选择和投资都会产生重大影响。针对中国燃煤电厂环保面临的新形势,阐述了欧盟国家的环保政策重点,并对欧盟国家燃煤电厂污染物控制的相关标准进行了分析,同时简要介绍了欧盟国家燃煤电厂环保的主要技术路线,在一定程度上可作为中国燃煤电厂污染物控制的借鉴和参考。     

可燃有毒气体的检测器与报警器

随着工业的发展,特别是以石油、天然气为主要原料的石油化学工业的发展,在使用、贮存或操作不当时,往往造成某些可燃有毒气体的泄漏,而导致火灾、爆炸、中毒事故的发生,给企业造成巨大的经济损失。因此,对可燃有毒气体的检测与报警已成为企业安全生产的必不可少的手段。为此,哈尔滨通江晶体管厂仪器分厂生产了几种类型检测器和报警器,以杜绝事故的发生。1.携带式可燃有毒气体检测器     

广东河源电厂循环水高浓缩倍率试验研究及工程应用

循环冷却系统浓缩排污水是电厂最大的排污水,是节水减排和废水零排放的关键问题之一。以河源电厂为例,分析了电厂进水水质条件;选用了5种水稳剂,采取极限碳酸盐硬度计算浓缩倍率的方法,通过静动态阻垢、防腐与杀菌试验,探明了各种药剂的极限浓缩倍率,论证了河源电厂循环冷却系统10倍以上的浓缩倍率运行方式的可行性。按试验所确定的原则,河源电厂循环冷却水系统按10倍的浓缩倍率运行,一年来未出现腐蚀与结垢现象。分析了实际运行期间的运行数据,对我国循环冷却水处理、节约用水、减少排污具有一定的示范意义。     

多炉一塔脱硫工艺取消增压风机的可行性研究

多炉一塔脱硫工艺中通常设置增压风机,但在工程实践中增压风机存在着喘振、失速、高能：耗等诸多运行问题。以某自备电厂3台220t／h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫工程为例,针对多炉一塔湿法脱硫工艺是否设置增压风机,从性能、能耗、运行维护成本等方面对设计方案进行了经济技术比较,并利用流场模拟对烟气系统进行了优化,最终通过引风机的改造替代了增压风机的设置,为小型燃煤电厂湿法脱硫工艺的系统设计提供参考。     

燃煤烟气中SO3成因、影响及其减排对策

煤燃烧过程中产生的SO3不仅造成了酸性烟雾,而且排放时会形成蓝色或黄色烟羽,增加了烟囱排放的烟羽浊度,破环了景观。近年来,火电厂烟囱常见的蓝烟/黄烟现象给周边大气环境带来一定的影响。针对部分燃煤电厂在脱硫、脱硝装置投运后,出现蓝烟/黄烟现象进行了研究,并提出了可供选择的控制对策和建议。     

选择性催化还原烟气脱硝技术在玉环电厂4×1000MW机组上的应用

以华能玉环电厂4×1000MW机组增设烟气选择性催化还原法（SCR）脱硝装置的技术改造为例,简要介绍了玉环电厂原机组增加SCR脱硝系统的工艺构成和流程特点、设计参数、总体布置,并对该工程中相关设备的改造进行了描述,为我国大型燃煤机组的脱硝改造工程提供参考。     

Treatment of tar pond sludge in a circulating fluidized bed combustor

A series of tests to burn mixtures of tar pond sludge and coal was carried out using a mini‐circulating fluidized bed combustor (mini‐CFBC). During the tests, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides in the flue gas were monitored continuously. Stack gas sampling was carried out for hydrochloric acid, metals, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total hydrocarbons, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Results showed that hydrochloric acid, mercury, particulate matter, PCDD/F, and metal concentrations were all below both the current limits and the gas‐release limits to be implemented in 2008 in Canada. The new 2008 emissions limits will reduce the maximum allowable concentrations of most pollutants by half. Thus, the maximum concentration for particulate matter will be 5 mg/m³ (from the current maximum concentration of 10 mg/m³);the maximum concentration for hydrochloric acid will be 5 mg/m³ (from 10 mg/m³); and the‐maximum concentration for dioxins and furans will be 0.032 ng/m toxic equivalent (from 0.08 ng/mcurrently). Sulfur capture efficiency was 89–91 percent. The percentage of fuel nitrogen converted to nitrogen oxides was of the order of 4.7 to 6.1, which is significantly lower than that of conventional pulverized coal‐fired boilers and well within the normal range for fluidized bed combustors (FBCs). PCB and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions levels were comparable or lower than levels reported in the literature for industrial‐scale FBCs. VOC concentrations were low except for benzene, for which the concentration was higher than that reported for pulverized coal‐fired utility boilers. In addition, carbon monoxide concentration was high at 1,200 to 2,200 parts per million. However, these carbon monoxide concentrations are typical of the mini‐CFBC firing coal. The trials showed that for 10 percent by weight tar pond sludge mixed with 90 percent by weight coal, the combustion was both stable and efficient. The tests demonstrated that CFBC technology is an environmentally sound option for eliminating tar pond waste sludge. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

模糊控制理论在湿法脱硫真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏控制中应用

随着国家节能减排工作的不断深入,燃煤电站脱硫装置的投运容量已占全国燃煤机组的一半左右。靖远第二发电公司4×300MW机组脱硫装置自投运以来多次出现真空皮带脱水机滤布跑偏的现象,造成真空皮带过滤机停车及滤布撕裂等严重后果,影响脱硫装置的正常投运。介绍了通过引进先进的模糊控制理论应用于滤布纠偏控制,并对控制硬件进行相应的改造,成功地解决了靖远第二发电公司湿法脱硫真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏控制中出现的问题。为燃煤电站湿法脱硫真空皮带脱水机滤布及其他行业相似工艺过程的纠偏控制提供参考。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统节能降耗探讨

为探讨石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统节能降耗措施,结合杨柳青电厂4×300 MW机组石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统的长期运行工况,在分析机组负荷、燃煤硫分、脱硫效率及石膏品质等因素对电耗、水耗及石灰石粉消耗量的影响规律基础上,主要从FGD系统运行方式调整、设备改造升级、运行维护管理提升等方面总结提出了FGD系统的节电、节水及节粉技术与管理措施。为脱硫系统的经济优质运行提供可靠保障,在兼顾环保、社会效益的同时,有望进一步降低电厂的脱硫成本。     

采用花岗岩水膜除尘器燃煤锅炉脱硫和除尘的工艺改造

为了使现有花岗岩水膜除尘器的燃煤锅炉烟气净化达标排放,在不更换水膜除尘器的前提下,探讨和比较了后继烟气吸收装置喷淋塔和鼓泡塔的脱硫和除尘机理,提出改进措施。该技术具有工艺流程简单,建设和运行成本低,适用于由于历史原因仍有相当大数量使用的花岗岩水膜除尘器的烟气净化工艺路线的改造。     

Co-gasification of solid waste and lignite - a case study for Western Macedonia

Co-gasification of solid waste and coal is a very attractive and efficient way of generating power, but also an alternative way, apart from conventional technologies such as incineration and landfill, of treating waste materials. The technology of co-gasification can result in very clean power plants using a wide range of solid fuels but there are considerable economic and environmental challenges. The aim of this study is to present the available existing co-gasification techniques and projects for coal and solid wastes and to investigate the techno-economic feasibility, concerning the installation and operation of a 30MW(e) co-gasification power plant based on integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology, using lignite and refuse derived fuel (RDF), in the region of Western Macedonia prefecture (WMP), Greece. The gasification block was based on the British Gas-Lurgi (BGL) gasifier, while the gas clean-up block was based on cold gas purification. The competitive advantages of co-gasification systems can be defined both by the fuel feedstock and production flexibility but also by their environmentally sound operation. It also offers the benefit of commercial application of the process by-products, gasification slag and elemental sulphur. Co-gasification of coal and waste can be performed through parallel or direct gasification. Direct gasification constitutes a viable choice for installations with capacities of more than 350MW(e). Parallel gasification, without extensive treatment of produced gas, is recommended for gasifiers of small to medium size installed in regions where coal-fired power plants operate. The preliminary cost estimation indicated that the establishment of an IGCC RDF/lignite plant in the region of WMP is not profitable, due to high specific capital investment and in spite of the lower fuel supply cost. The technology of co-gasification is not mature enough and therefore high capital requirements are needed in order to set up a direct co-gasification plant. The cost of electricity estimated was not competitive, compared to the prices dominating the Greek electricity market and thus further economic evaluation is required. The project would be acceptable if modular construction of the unit was first adopted near operating power plants, based on parallel co-gasification, and gradually incorporating the remaining process steps (gas purification, power generation) with the aim of eventually establishing a true direct co-gasification plant.     

电厂建设运行中的水土流失预测与水土保持设计

在燃煤电厂建设运行的同时,将引起一系列的水土流失问题.以四川国电金堂电厂二期扩建工程为例,简要说明项目区水土流失预测的内容和方法,并在其基础上对可能产生的水土流失和危害进行了分析,同时介绍了建设期和运行期采取的综合防治措施,为类似工程的水土保持提供借鉴.