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1.
为探讨累积在MBR中的SMP浓度变化对生物除磷的影响,制备了不同SMP含量的污泥样品进行生物除磷间歇试验,研究SMP含量对污泥除磷能力的影响.结果表明,SMP含量较高的污泥样品具有较高的好氧吸磷速率,达0.20 mg-P·(g-MLSS)-1·min-1,并在MBR脱氮除磷工艺长期运行过程中,保持较高的好氧吸磷速率.对污泥吸磷和释磷过程中上清液组成变化的研究发现,在好氧条件下,存在水相中SMP向污泥相转移的过程.根据这一过程中Zeta电位绝对值的减小推测,上清液中的胶体可能逐步失稳而向污泥相转移,胶体磷由此进入污泥相;此过程可能伴随着对自由磷酸盐的捕集和卷扫,从而促进了污泥的好氧吸磷. 相似文献
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采用模拟生活污水,在相同的运行条件下,对比研究了膜-生物反应器(MBR)与序批式活性污泥法(SBR)对10种典型药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)的去除效果.研究结果表明,两种反应器对不同目标物PPCPs的去除效果存在一定的差异:MBR和SBR对甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TRM) 和红霉素(ERY)的去除无明显差别;苏必利(SLP)和卡马西平(CBZ)在两反应器中均不能得到有效去除;但对于其他目标物,尤其是咖啡因(CAF)、酮洛芬(KTP)、避蚊胺(DEET),MBR的去除率明显高于SBR.总体上,MBR在出水的安全性和稳定性上存在着一定的优势. 相似文献
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为揭示投加具有反硝化聚磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(B8)强化序批式反应器(SBR)除污特性和微生物种属,将B8菌液和干粉菌剂分别引入SBR,构成液态型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统A和干粉型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统B,以不接菌的SBR污水处理系统C为对照,分别考察了在厌氧-缺氧条件下运行的各反应器除污效果.结果表明,各SBR(A、B、C)对COD去除率均达到90%以上;第49-77天时A系统、B系统和C系统NO3-平均去除率分别为61.62%、68.58%和26.72%;第62-77天时A系统、B系统和C系统TP平均去除率分别为53.66%、55.45%和46.61%;投菌强化系统在缺氧段对TP降解过程符合一阶指数衰减动力学模式,在第71天时,A号吸磷动力学系数KP为1.2584,B号吸磷动力学系数KP为2.0379;对SBR内活性污泥菌种16S rDNA测序及GenBank BLAST,A系统和B系统中占优势菌种依次是溶血不动杆菌、恶臭假单胞菌和粪产碱菌,而未投菌C系统占优势菌类依次是溶血不动杆菌、粪产碱菌和产碱假单胞菌,表明投加的B8菌在液态型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统和干粉型DNPAOs-SBR污水处理系统内得到生长富集,从而成为优势菌群. 相似文献
4.
应用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理实际垃圾渗滤液,在DO浓度分别为0.45mg·l-1和1.19mg·l-1条件下,研究了系统的有机物,氨氮和总氮去除特性以及游离氨(FA),DO对系统同步硝化反硝化(SND)类型的影响.250d试验研究表明:SBRR系统能够稳定高效地同步去除渗滤液内高浓度有机物和高浓度氨氮.在初始COD浓度为122—2385mg·l-1的情况下,出水COD浓度为23—929mg·l-1,有机物最大去除速率25.6kgCOD·m-2载体·d-1.在初始NH4+-N浓度为40—396.5mg·l-1的情况下,出水NH4+-N浓度为0—41.2mg·l-1,最大硝化速率2.87kgN·m-2载体·d-1.SBBR系统内发生了明显的同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象,TN平均去除率分别为73.8%(DO=0.45mg·l-1)和30%(DO=1.19mg·l-1)左右.当FA浓度在1.5—11.6mg·l-1范围内时,系统中共存硝酸型SND和亚硝酸性SND.当FA从18.6mg·l-1增加到56mg·l-1,系统中形成稳定的亚硝酸SND.因此,FA是影响系统SND类型的主要因素,DO可促进亚硝酸性SND向硝酸型SND转化. 相似文献
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为更加全面、准确评估蔬菜中重金属铬(Cr)生物可给性及对人体健康风险的影响,本文利用生物原理提取法(physiologically based extraction test,PBET)联合微生物生态系统(simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem,SHIME)模拟实验,系统分析了贵州某铅锌矿区4种常见蔬菜(辣椒、芥菜、小白菜和甘蓝)在不同食用条件(生和熟)下Cr的含量变化,探究在肠道微生物影响下蔬菜Cr在不同消化吸收阶段(胃、小肠和结肠)中生物可给性差异,并对比了各消化阶段的膳食暴露风险. 结果表明,4种蔬菜样品中Cr的含量(干重)表现为小白菜(13.86±7.33)mg·kg−1>芥菜(9.84±1.79)mg·kg−1>甘蓝(9.53±1.60)mg·kg−1>辣椒(5.28±2.48)mg·kg−1;虽煮熟处理可显著降低4种蔬菜样品中的Cr含量(降低范围54.98%—63.44%,P<0.05),但生熟蔬菜样品中Cr含量仍超过国家食品卫生标准中的标准限值(GB 2762—2017:0.5 mg∙kg−1). 此外,研究发现结肠阶段中Cr的生物可给性最高,分别为成人:(22.56%±9.23%)—(36.04%±11.45%);儿童:(19.74%±8.26%)—(34.53%±10.82%),分别是小肠阶段的1.10—6.00 倍和1.05—5.77 倍,且蔬菜高温处理后增加了结肠阶段Cr的生物可给性(6.11%—21.51%). 对比各消化阶段的危害商指数(HQ)发现,基于结肠阶段生物可给性计算的HQ累计概率较高,相比小肠阶段提高了约6.17%—62.12%,表明结肠阶段中肠道微生物作用下可增加蔬菜中Cr的生物可给性和提高人体健康风险. 因此,在未来开展人体健康风险评估时,需综合评估不同食用条件下食物中重金属在结肠阶段中生物可给性的健康风险,以期为我国膳食重金属暴露的人体健康风险评估提供更多科学参考. 相似文献
7.
本文主要研究了不同pH值对SBR工艺污泥膨胀和微生物结构的影响,试验进水pH值为5.0-10.0.实验结果表明,在试验初期,污泥容积指数(SVI)值无明显变化.但随着时间的增长,在pH值为5.0和6.0时,开始出现污泥膨胀.在不同pH下提取总细菌的DNA组进行PCR扩增,分析总细菌的Shannon多样性指数,对微生物群落的部分优势总细菌进行克隆测序和系统发育树分析.结果表明,在不同pH条件下微生物结构以及数量有所区别,在酸性条件下以丝状菌为主,易发生污泥膨胀;而在中性和偏碱性条件下以菌胶团为主,污泥活性较为稳定. 相似文献
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气升式反应器中微生物对H2S的脱除研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
筛选驯化得到具有高效脱硫性能的菌群,在气升式反应器中进行了H2S脱除实验研究. 在温度为28 ℃、初始pH 8.0的条件下考察了不同通气量对反应体系中H2S脱除能力、脱除效率的影响以及H2S进气负荷和通气量对SO2-4生成率的影响. 结果表明,最佳通气量为0.2 L/min.在此通气量下,当H2S进气负荷为5.76 kg m-3 d-1时,脱除负荷可达5.62 kg m-3 d-1,而脱除率可以保持在97.8%以上;当H2S负荷为4.37~4.93 kg m-3 d-1时, H2S去除率可达到99%以上,且主要副产物为单质硫.通过增大进气负荷、降低通气量可以获得较高的单质硫回收率.图3表2参15 相似文献
9.
本文在软性填料序批式生物膜法同步脱氮除磷工艺探讨研究的基础上,再加一缺氧段,以进行反硝化,进一步提高脱氮效率,并对内源脱氮及不同添加比时的外源脱氮进行了比较,确定了该法脱氮除磷的最佳工艺及相应的工艺参数。 相似文献
10.
Mohammad-Reza Zare Mohammad Mehdi Amin Saeedeh Hemmati-Borji Mahnaz Nikaeen Seyed Hamed Mirhosseini 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(5):552-562
In this study, a traditional assay was modified to evaluate the effect of Hg, Cd, and Zn on the bacterial community of a sequencing batch reactor and activated sludge plants and heavy metal-resistant bacterial species were determined. After the isolation of metal-resistant bacteria, their 16S rRNA gene fragments were sequenced. The BLAST program was used to compare the resulting 16S rRNA sequences with those in GenBank database to identify the isolated bacterial species. Hg was found to be the most toxic metal for both bacterial communities investigated. Sequence batch reactor bacteria were comparatively more resistant to Hg, Cd, and Zn than those from activated sludge. The resistant strains were close to the members of genus Pseudomonas, Kocuria, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. The modified dehydrogenase enzyme assay seems to be simple, robust, and competent for evaluation of the impact of metals on bacterial activity. Sequencing batch reactor systems should be preferred over activated sludge when wastewaters containing hazardous metals are to be treated. 相似文献
11.
序批式生物膜法同步除磷脱氮特性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对淹没序批式生物膜法去除有机物和磷及同步部分脱氮的特性进行了研究。其适合的载体装填密度为30%,水力停留时间为9h,其中厌氧3h,好氧6h,进水COD负荷从0.27kg/(m^3.d)到1.32kg/(m^3.d)均可使除磷率达90%以上,脱氮率达50%-60%。淹没式生物膜法除磷脱氮工艺中的优势菌属为假单胞菌属,其次依顺序为气单胞菌属,芽孢杆菌属,微球菌属,硝化矸菌属,生物膜具有生物量大(MLVSS达5531.7mg/L),脱落污泥含磷量高(达5.67%),沉降性好(SVI为101.7)的特点,污泥产率为0.1996kg干泥/kgCOD。 相似文献
12.
P. Plangklang 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1):44-57
The performance of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) augmented with immobilised Burkholderia cepacia PCL3 on corncob for biodegradation of carbofuran in basal salt medium (BSM) was studied. A 2.0-L SBR with a working volume of 1.5 L was operated for a total cycle of 48 h, consisting of 1.0 h fill phase, 46 h react phase and 1.0 h decant phase. The initial pH of the feed medium was 7.0. Air was fed into the reactor at a controlled flow rate of 600 mL·min ?1. The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) (14 to 6 days) on carbofuran-degradation efficiency was investigated at a carbofuran concentration in the feed medium of 20 mg·L ?1. The shortest HRT resulting in complete degradation of carbofuran was 8 days. At 75% of the optimum HRT (6 days), the effects of biostimulation using organic amendments, i.e. molasses, cassava pulp, rice bran and spent yeast, and the effect of carbofuran concentration in the feed medium (20–80 mg·L ?1) were investigated. The optimum conditions for SBRs were an initial carbofuran concentration of 40 mg·L ?1 and 0.1 g·L ?1 of rice bran as a biostimulated amendment. Complete degradation of carbofuran with a first-order kinetic constant (k 1) of 0.044 h?1 was achieved under these optimum conditions. 相似文献
13.
Lin LIU Qiyu YOU Valerie GIBSON Xu HUANG Shaohua CHEN Zhilong YE Chaoxiang LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(6):1139-1148
The granulation process, physic-chemical properties, pollution removal ability and bacterial communities of aerobic granules with different feed-wastewater (synthetic wastewater, R1; swine wastewater, R2), and the change trend of some parameters of two types of granules in long-term operated reactors treating swine wastewater were investigated in this experiment. The result indicated that aerobic granulation with the synthetic wastewater had a faster rate compared with swine wastewater and that full granulation in R1 and R2 was reached on the 30th day and 39th day, respectively. However, although the feed wastewater also had an obvious effect on the biomass fraction and extracellular polymeric substances of the aerobic granules during the granulation process, these properties remained at a similar level after long-term operation. Moreover, a similar increasing trend could also be observed in terms of the nitrogen removal efficiencies of the aerobic granules in both reactors, and the average specific removal rates of the organics and ammonia nitrogen at the steady-state stage were 35.33 mg·g−1 VSS and 51.46 mg·g−1 VSS for R1, and 35.47 mg·g−1 VSS and 51.72 mg·g−1 VSS for R2, respectively. In addition, a shift in the bacterial diversity occurred in the granulation process, whereas bacterial communities in the aerobic granular reactor were not affected by the seed granules after long-term operation. 相似文献
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利用混合菌群活性污泥法实现生物可降解塑料PHA的合成 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
PHA是一种生物可降解塑料,可从污水有机物中合成。文章在简要说明现阶段工业生产PHA情况的基础上,总结了利用混合菌种活性污泥法从污水有机物中合成PHA的优点。重点对两种从污水中生产PHA工艺——厌氧-好氧活性污泥工艺和好氧瞬时供料工艺进行了介绍,并给出了相应工艺流程。通过使用廉价的有机底物可以使PHA的生产价格降低到原来的一半,大约为每公斤4欧元左右。文章还讨论了控制工艺运行条件对PHA合成的重要性,并说明了不同底物组成对合成PHA性质的影响。 相似文献
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Zhaoxu PENG Yongzhen PENG Zhenbo YU Xuliang LIU Xiaoling LI Randeng WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(6):884-891
Low dissolved oxygen (DO) is an energy-saving condition in activated sludge process. To investigate the possible application of limited filamentous bulking (LFB) in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), two lab-scale SBRs were used to treat synthetic domestic wastewater and real municipal wastewater, respectively. The results showed that prolonging low DO aeration duration and setting pre-anoxic (anaerobic) phase were effective strategies to induce and inhibit filamentous sludge bulking, respectively. According to the sludge settleability, LFB could be maintained steadily by adjusting operation patterns. Filamentous bacteria content and sludge volume index (SVI) were likely correlated. SVI fluctuated dramatically within a few cycles when around 200 mL·g-1, where altering operation pattern could change sludge settleability in spite of the unstable status of activated sludge system. Energy consumption by aeration reduced under low DO LFB condition, whereas the nitrification performance deteriorated. However, short-cut nitrification and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) were prone to take place under such conditions. When the cycle time kept constant, the anoxic (anaerobic) to aerobic time ratio was determining factor to the SND efficiency. Similarity keeping aerobic time as constant, the variation trends of SND efficiency and specific SND rate were uniform. SBR is a promising reactor to apply the LFB process in practice. 相似文献
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Qing XIA Rui LIANG Yuning HONG Lili DING Hongqiang REN Yuxiang MAO Mingyu ZHAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(3):369
Batch experiments were conducted to study the short-term biological effects of rare earth ions (La3+, Ce3+) and their mixture on the nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The data showed that higher NH+4―N removal rate, total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency, and denitrification efficiency were achieved at lower concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) (<1mg/L). In the first hour of the aeration stage of SBR, the presence of REEs increased the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and NH+4―N removal efficiency by 15.7% and 10%―15%, respectively. When the concentrations of REEs were higher than 1mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency decreased, and nitrate was found to accumulate in the effluent. When the concentrations of REEs was up to 50.0mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency was less than 30% of the control efficiency with a high level of nitrate. Lower concentrations of REEs were found to accelerate the nitrogen conversion and removal in SBR. 相似文献