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1.
Regine?Gries Aurélia ?Reckziegel Herman?Bogenschütz Hans-Günter?Kontzog Christian?Schlegel Wittko?Francke Jocelyn?G.?Millar Gerhard?Gries
Summary. Our objective was to identify sex pheromone
components of the oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea
processionea (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), whose larvae
defoliate oak, Quercus spp., forests in Eurasia and impact
human health. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic
detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric
(MS) analyses of pheromone gland extract of female
T. processionea revealed two consistently EAD-active compounds.
They were identified as (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienyl
acetate (Z11,Z13-16:OAc) and (Z,E)-11,13,15-hexadecatrienyl
acetate (Z11,E13,15-16:OAc) by comparative GC,
GC-MS and GC-EAD analyses of insect-produced compounds
and authentic standards. In replicated field experiments
(2000, 2001) in Nordbaden, Südbaden and Sachsen-Anhalt
(Germany), Z11,Z13-16:OAc and Z11,E13,15-16:OAc in
combination, but not singly, attracted significant numbers of
male moths. It will now be intriguing to investigate whether
Z11,E13,15-16:OAc, or its corresponding alcohol or aldehyde,
serves as a pheromone component also in other species of
the Thaumetopoeidae. 相似文献
2.
Summary. In a local population of Ostrinia zaguliaevi Mutuura & Munroe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), extensive variation was found in the blend ratio of three sex pheromone components,
(Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc, 10.2-63.8%), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc, 32.2-86.8%), and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc, 2.1-11.9%). The variation was observed over a three-year period (2002-2004). Mother-daughter
regression analyses have shown that although the heritability of the minor component E11-14:OAc was not significant, the heritability
of the proportions of Z9-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc were substantial (0.5–0.6). In artificial selection experiments, the mean % Z9-14:OAc in the sex pheromone changed significantly within three generations (37% in the control line, 48 and 52% for two
lines selected for increase, and 23 and 30% for two lines selected for decrease). Despite these changes, the amounts of fatty
acyl pheromone precursors, (Z)-9-, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenoate, in the pheromone gland were not significantly affected by the selection. Taken together, variation in
the pheromone blend of O. zaguliaevi is likely to be attributable to a few genes involved in the reduction or acetylation of fatty acyl pheromone precursors,
the last two steps in pheromone biosynthesis. 相似文献
3.
Summary. Male locust borers, Megacyllene robiniae
(Förster), responded to females only after contacting them
with their antennae, indicating that mate recognition was
mediated by a contact sex pheromone. GC-MS analyses of
whole-body extracts of males and females determined that the
profiles of compounds in the extracts were qualitatively similar,
but differed considerably in the ratios of compounds
between sexes. Biological activities of reconstructed blends
of the most abundant straight-chain (nC23, nC24, nC25, nC26),
methyl-branched (3me-C23, 3me-C25), and unsaturated
(Z9:C23, Z9:C25, Z9:C27 compounds in extracts from females
were assessed in arena bioassays, assessing four distinct steps
in the mating behavior sequence of males (orientation, arrestment,
body alignment, mounting and attempting to couple the
genitalia). Males were unresponsive to freeze-killed, solventwashed
females treated with blends of straight-chain and
methyl-branched alkanes, but responded strongly to females
treated with the blend of alkenes. Further trials determined
that the complete sequence of mating behaviors, up to and
including coupling the genitalia, was elicited by Z9:C25 alone.
Z9:C25 comprised 16.4 ± 1.3% of the total hydrocarbons in
whole-body hexane extracts of females and was co-dominant
with two other hydrocarbons that were not active. In contrast,
in solid phase microextraction (SPME) wipe samples from
several areas of the cuticle, Z9:C25 appeared as the single
dominant peak, comprising 34.6 – 37.8% of the sampled
hydrocarbons. Our data indicate that Z9:C25 is a contact sex
pheromone of M. robiniae, being the most abundant hydrocarbon
on the surface of the cuticular wax layer of females
where it is readily accessible to the antennae of males. 相似文献
4.
Summary By means of gas chromatography, gas chromatographic coupled mass spectrometry, trail-following experiments and electrophysiological recordings from worker antennae, the major trail pheromone components from the hindgut of the formicine speciesCamponotus atriceps andC. floridanus were identified as 3,5-dimethyl-6-(1-methylpropyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one and nerolic acid, respectively. The Dufour's gland contents of both species, investigated by gas chromatographic coupled mass spectrometry, show significant differences.Pheromones 104: Janssen E, Übler E, Bauriegel L, Kern F, Bestmann H-J, Attygalle AB, Steghaus-Kovacs S, Maschwitz U: Trail pheromone of the Ponerinae antLeptogenys peuqueti (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a multicomponent mixture of related compounds 相似文献
5.
Summary. Three components that elicited antennal response from male Choristoneura conflictana were found from female gland extracts analyzed using a coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detector system.
The main component in gland extracts was (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Ald). Two minor components also elicited antennal response: (E)11-tetradecenal (E11-14:Ald) and (Z)-11- tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH). Analysis of effluvia indicated that calling virgin females release mostly Z11-14:Ald and trace amounts of Z11-14:OH. Field and wind tunnel behavioral studies showed that Z11-14:Ald alone attracted male moths in a dose response pattern. Tests comparing male response to blends of components detected
in gland extracts showed that addition of 1.8% of E11-14:Ald to Z11-14:Ald did not influence male moths in the wind tunnel, but resulted in significantly lower trap captures in the field.
The threecomponent blend [Z11-14:Ald (100), E11-14:Ald (1.8), Z11-14:OH (11)], was less attractive than Z11-14:Ald alone in both field and wind tunnel studies. Traps baited with two virgin female moths were equally attractive to
males as traps baited with the three-component synthetic blend but less attractive than traps baited with Z11-14:Ald alone. Field tests of various blends of the two components (Z11-14:Ald, Z11-14:OH) detected in the females’ effluvia showed that the addition of 1–10% Z11-14:OH to Z11-14:Ald did not affect the males’ response to Z11-14:Ald. Our data demonstrate that female C. conflictana release sex pheromone components in a different ratio than they are stored in the pheromone gland. The sex pheromone is comprised
of a single component, Z11-14:Ald, that can be used to monitor mated and virgin male C. conflictana throughout their flight period. 相似文献
6.
Gábor Szőcs Miklós Tóth Zsolt Kárpáti Junwei Zhu Christer Löfstedt Ernst Plass Wittko Francke 《Chemoecology》2004,14(1):53-58
Summary. In order to elucidate the composition of the female sex pheromone of the
northern (beech) winter moth, Operophtera fagata
Scharf. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), ovipositor extracts of unmated, calling females
were analysed by gas chromatography with simultaneous electroantennographic and flame
ionization detection (GC-EAD/FID). Male antennal responses indicated three active
components, two of which had distinct matching peaks in the FID trace. Using coupled
gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), these two compounds were identified as
(9Z)-nonadecene (9Z-19:Hy), and (6Z,9Z)-nonadecadiene (6Z9Z-19:Hy), respectively. The
third component, present in very small amounts only, was identified as (1,3Z,6Z,9Z)-nonadecatetraene
(1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy), known as the sex pheromone of the common winter moth,
O. brumata. Field tests revealed that traps baited with 6Z9Z-19:Hy
and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy caugth large numbers of male O. fagata.
Both compounds were found to be essential for attraction of
O. fagata. In addition,
the diene prevented captures of co-occurring O. brumata.
In contrast, 9Z-19:Hy neither influenced the attractiveness of the two-component mixture
towards O. fagata nor contributed to bait specificity.
A binary mixture of 6Z9Z-19:Hy and 1,3Z6Z9Z-19:Hy in a ratio of 10:1, applied to pieces
of rubber tubing, constituted a highly attractive and species-specific bait for
O. fagata, which can be used for monitoring of the
flight of this defoliator pest of deciduous forests. 相似文献
7.
Host-plant green-leaf volatiles synergize the synthetic sex pheromones of the corn earworm and codling moth (Lepidoptera) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Douglas M. Light Robert A. Flath Ronald G. Buttery Frank G. Zalom Richard E. Rice Joseph C. Dickens Eric B. Jang 《Chemoecology》1993,4(3-4):145-152
Summary The capture of adult male moths in female sex pheromone traps of two key agricultural pests, the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), is enhanced or synergized by a certain group of host-plant volatiles, the green-leaf volatiles (GLVs). Since female adults of both species call and release their sex pheromones while perched upon the leaves of their host-plants, the volatile constituents from the leaves of a number of host-plants were compared. Sex pheromone traps containing one of the prominent leaf volatiles of certainH. zea hosts, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, not only significantly increased the capture ofH. zea males but were preferred over traps baited only with sex pheromone. Similarly, traps baited with synthetic sex pheromome ofC. pomonella plus a blend of GLVs captured significantly more males than traps baited only with sex pheromone. Since male moths are not captured in traps baited only with these GLVs, it appears that these GLVs act as pheromone synergists which increase or enhance the attraction or arrestment of male moths in pheromone traps. 相似文献
8.
Summary Males ofCarpophilus freemani Dobson (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) produce an aggregation pheromone to which both sexes fly in a wind-tunnel bioassay. The major pheromone component (ca. 30 ng per male per day in volatile collections) was identified as (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-methyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. A minor component, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-7-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-undecatetraene, was 3–10% as abundant as the major triene and was 5–20% as active when compared at relative doses ranging from natural proportions to 1:1. These compounds act synergistically: a mixture of major and minor components in natural proportions attracted more than twice as many beetles as the major component alone, and the mixture fully accounted for the activity of male-derived volatile collections. Six other male-derived conjugated hydrocarbons, ranging from 2% down to 0.04% as abundant as the major component, were also identified. These are (in order of decreasing bioassay activity when compared on an equal-weight basis): (3E,5E,7E)-6-ethyl-4-methyl-3,5,7-decatriene, (2E,4E,6E)-5-ethyl-3-me-thyl-2,4,6-octatriene, (3E,5E,7E,9E)-8-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-3, 5,7,9-dodecatetraene, (2E,4E,6E,8E)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4,6, 8-undecatetraene, (3E,5E,7E)-5-ethyl-7-methyl-3,5,7-undecatriene, and (2E,4E,6E)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-nonatriene. All structure identifications were confirmed by synthesis. In the wind tunnel, the pheromone acted synergistically with host-type volatiles such as propyl acetate, valeric acid, and ethanol. This concept was verified by fields tests in California, in which there was dramatic synergism between the pheromone and fermenting host materials. Pheromone biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Joan Solé Albert Sans Magí Riba Gloria Rosell Esmeralda Rosa Lourdes Muñoz Maria Pilar Bosch Angel Guerrero 《Chemoecology》2008,18(2):99-108
Summary. The differing antagonist activity of (Z)-13-hexadecen-2-one (Z11 – 14 :MK, 1) and its 1,1,1-trifluoro derivative (Z11 –14 :TFMK, 2), two closely related analogues of the European corn borer pheromone Ostrinia nubilalis (Z strain), and their rationale is reported. Both chemicals exhibited some electrophysiological activity, and topical application
of 10 pg of pheromone analogue on male antennae was sufficient to induce significantly lower depolarization responses to the
pheromone versus untreated insects. In a wind tunnel, the number of European corn borer males attracted to sources containing
mixtures of 1 + pheromone in ratios ≥ 1 :1 was significantly lower than the number attracted to a source containing pheromone alone. Source
contact behaviour was dramatically impaired when the 1 + pheromone blend reached a ratio of 10 :1, in which only 2% of males displayed source contact in the presence of antagonist.
When compound 1 was present at the source, males usually flew upwind with occasional downwind reversals; when compound 2 was present at the lure, males performed wider crosswind reversals, with little progress toward the source. In the field,
traps baited with mixtures of both compounds with the pheromone in ratios of 5 :1 and 10 :1 elicited a significantly decreased
number of male catches. In esterase inhibition assays, compound 2 was a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 70 nM), whereas the non-fluorinated compound 1 was not. The different activity of both compounds is presumed to be due to different mechanisms of action; considerations
for using methyl ketone analogues as new behavioural antagonists of the pheromone are outlined. 相似文献
10.
Sven Steiner Johannes L.M. Steidle Joachim Ruther 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(2):111-120
Sexual selection by competition for mates is a formidable force that has led to extraordinary adaptations in males. Here we present results suggesting a novel case of pheromone mimicry in males of Lariophagus distinguendus, a parasitic wasp of beetle larvae that develop in stored grain. Females of L. distinguendus produce a pheromone even before they emerge from a grain. Males are attracted to the parasitised grain and wait for females to emerge. Males emerging later than others are under enormous selection pressure since females mate only once. We show evidence that developing males fool their earlier emerging competitors by mimicking the female pheromone. Males exposed to pupae of either sex exhibit typical courtship behaviour. Searching males are not only arrested by grains containing developing females but spend as much time on grains containing developing males. Hence, by distracting their competitors away from receptive females late males may increase their own chance to mate with these females. After emergence, males decompose the active compounds within 32 h probably to decrease molestation during their own search for mates. Chemical analyses of active pheromone extracts and bioassays using fractions demonstrate that the active compounds are among the cuticular hydrocarbons. 相似文献
11.
Olivier Roux Charles Gers Josèphe Nathan Tene-Ghomsi Laurence Arvanitakis Dominique Bordat Luc Legal 《Chemoecology》2007,17(1):13-18
Summary. Cotesia plutellae is a specialist parasitoid of Plutella xylostella. This specificity is potentially under the control of several factors before and after oviposition. Thereby, the stimuli
that lead female parasitoids to host locations and to oviposition, might be at the basis of the specificity. We explore here
the response of C. plutellae females exposed to host cuticular lipids. A total cuticular lipid extract of host caterpillars was fractionated into a hydrocarbon
fraction and a non-hydrocarbon fraction. Neither fraction alone had any effect on oviposition behaviour in C. plutellae but the hydrocarbon fraction alone did seem to have a positive effect on the rate of antennal contact by the females. To
induce oviposition behaviour, both fractions were necessary and reflect cooperation between at least one compound in each
fraction. Identification of cuticular lipids shows that hydrocarbons were dominant (77%). Non-hydrocarbon compounds were mainly
represented by 15-nonacosanone (18% of the total lipid extract). This ketone is rare in insect cuticle lipids and is thought
to originate from the cabbage epicuticle where it is dominant with n-C29 and 14- and 15-nonacosanol also found among the cuticular lipids of the host caterpillar. 相似文献
12.
Volker Witte Leif Abrell Athula B. Attygalle Xiaogang Wu Jerrold Meinwald 《Chemoecology》2007,17(1):63-69
Summary. Dufour glands of Paratrechina longicornis were analyzed chemically using GC-MS techniques. The glands contained twelve alkanes between C9 and C20 chain length with undecane and tridecane as the main components, six alkenes (1- and 4-undecene, 1-, 4-, and 6- tridecene,
and heptadecadiene), two alkyl formates (C11 and C13), and saturated and polyunsaturated acids. Many of the alkanes and alkenes were behaviorally active causing a short lasting
attraction of ants with different intensity. Detection of the major gland compound undecane in recruitment trails by in vivo
SPME sampling provided evidence for its use as a recruitment pheromone. Both poison gland (formic acid) and Dufour gland (undecane)
contents were detected on SPME fibers which had been attacked by the ants. 相似文献
13.
14.
Gabriel P. Hughes Annie E. Spikes Jeffrey D. Holland Matthew D. Ginzel 《Chemoecology》2011,21(2):99-105
Contact pheromones mediate mate recognition and play important roles in mating systems of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera:
Cerambycidae). One common bioassay of contact chemoreception in cerambycids involves presenting a freeze-killed female to
a male in a Petri dish arena. If the male attempts to mate with the female carcass, it confirms that mate recognition signals
are present and intact and behavior is not involved. Cuticular hydrocarbons are then stripped from the female with successive
solvent washes, rendering her unattractive to males and also resulting in a crude extract containing the cuticular hydrocarbons.
To test the bioactivity of the crude extract, the same female is then treated with the extract and presented again to the
male. Males of some species, including Megacyllene robiniae (F?rster), respond less readily to reconstituted females than to those same beetles before they were solvent-extracted. In
the present study, we test the hypothesis that the contact pheromone of M. robiniae, Z9:C25, exists as a layer on the surface of the epicuticle. We used solid phase microextraction (SPME) to sample cuticular hydrocarbons
of female beetles after they were freeze-killed, solvent washed, and treated with crude cuticular extracts. We found that
extracting cuticular hydrocarbons from females and applying the resulting crude extract back onto the solvent-washed cadaver
scrambles the wax layer and decreases the abundance of the contact pheromone presented on the surface of the insect. 相似文献
15.
Summary Sex pheromone communication in the nine European species of small ermine moths (Yponomeuta) is reviewed in regard to the potential role of pheromones in the speciation process. Six of the nine species studied (viz.,Y. evonymellus, Y. cagnagellus, Y. padellus, Y. irrorellus, Y. plumbellus, andY. vigintipunctatus) use a mixture of (E)-11-and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in different ratios as primary pheromone components, with combinations of tetradecyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and the corresponding alcohols of the acetates as additional pheromone components. Analysis of (Z)- to (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratios produced by individual females of these species demonstrated significant variation among females of all species. However, the ranges of ratios produced byY. cagnagellus, Y. irrorellus, andY. plumbellus, sharing the same host-plant species, spindle tree, did not overlap. Niche separation of all six species mentioned required consideration of at least one additional pheromone component or of temporal aspects. The remaining three species,i.e. Y. malinellus, Y. mahalebellus andY. rorellus, have pheromones that differ qualitatively.Biosynthetic routes to the pheromone components identified are proposed on the basis of fatty acid pheromone precursors found in the pheromone glands. A phylogenetic tree for the genus is constructed based on allozyme frequency data and changes in pheromone composition are superimposed on this tree. We suggest that the ancestral ermine moth pheromone is a mixture of (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and the corresponding alcohols, and a scenario of how present-day patterns evolved is outlined. The pheromone differences among the three species using spindle tree as their host-plant might have evolved throughreproductive character displacement upon secondary contact between populations that had already diverged genetically in allopatry. Pheromone differences within the so-calledpadellus-complex (includingY. cagnagellus, Y. mahalebellus, Y. malinellus, Y. padellus, andY. rorellus) in which species might have originated sympatrically, may have evolved byreinforcing selection as these species still hybridise and produce viable offspring when confined in cages. The role of pheromones in reproductive isolation amongYponomeuta species is emphasised by (1) the function of pheromone components of some of the species as behavioural antagonists to other species, (2) the cross-attraction under experimental conditions between allochronic species with similar pheromones, and (3) the formation of hybrids in the laboratory between species that are isolated in nature by pheromone differences. 相似文献
16.
A sex pheromone component novel to Ostrinia identified from Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takuma Takanashi Suguru Ohno Yongping Huang Sadahiro Tatsuki Hiroshi Honda Yukio Ishikawa 《Chemoecology》2000,10(3):143-147
Summary. Extracts from the sex pheromone gland of Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry.
Only an EAD-active compound was detected in the extract, and it was identified as (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH). In a wind-tunnel bioassay, E11-14:OH elicited a series of mate finding behaviors from males, although it was far less active than virgin females and crude
extract of the pheromone gland. The attractiveness of E11-14:OH to O. latipennis males was confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these findings, we concluded that E11-14:OH, which is novel to the genus Ostrinia, is a major component of the sex pheromone in O. latipennis. The significance of the use of alcohol in place of the usual acetates in Ostrinia is discussed in relation to the pheromone biosynthesis system.
Received 9 December 1999; accepted 14 March 2000 相似文献
17.
M. Subchev T. Toshova C. Koshio S. Franke A. Tröger R. Twele W. Francke J. A. Pickett L. J. Wadhams C. M. Woodcock 《Chemoecology》2009,19(1):47-54
The plum moth, Illiberis rotundata Jordan (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae), is a pest of orchards in Japan and China. Few chemical ecological studies
have been directed towards the Zygaenidae and particularly the Procridinae. To investigate the sex pheromone of this species,
extracts of pheromone glands from adult female I. rotundata were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). Whilst GC-EAG on male moths showed an active peak, identified as 2-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate, GC-MS also revealed the presence of the homologue 2-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate. Electroantennographic investigations, as well as field tests, strongly suggested the natural compounds to
have the (R)-configuration at the stereogenic centre. Field results demonstrate 0.2 mg of a 1:1-mixture of (2R)-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate and (2R)-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate to be a powerful lure that may be used in pest control measures against I. rotundata. The chemical structures of the new pheromone components show the same features as those of other zygaenid species: unsaturated
fatty acids esterified with a short chain chiral alcohol. This is the first example of a two-component blend constituting
the pheromone of a procridinid species. 相似文献
18.
Summary. Trail-following behavior of Lasius japonicus was colony-specific in the field, while trail pheromone activity was not. We found that the footprint substance caused colony-specific trail-following behavior only when working in conjunction with the trail pheromone. The footprint substance alone did not lead the workers to follow trails. The substance consisted mainly of hydrocarbons with composition almost identical to that of cuticular hydrocarbons, except for the absence of n-alkanes. Nestmate workers shared footprint hydrocarbon profiles as well as cuticular hydrocarbons, but the profiles differed among colonies. We therefore consider that the footprint hydrocarbon profiles serve as the trail discrimination signal in L. japonicus. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Ips duplicatus withI. typographus co-inhabiting Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) would benefit from a pheromone blend distinct from that of the larger competitorI. typographus. GC-MS analysis showed thatI. duplicatus males feeding in the host produced ipsdienol (Id),cis-verbenol (cV),trans-verbenol (tV), myrtenol (Mt), andE-myrcenol (EM) and traces of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MB).I. duplicatus produced Id in approximately racemic form (48.9-54.5% (+)-(S)-isomer). The amounts of Id and EM released over a 9 day period had a maximum of 250 and 5 ng/h/male, respectively, on day 2. Exposure ofI. duplicatus males to myrcene and -pinene resulted in the production of small amounts of Id, cV, tV, Mt, andtrans-pinocarveol, but not of EM. In laboratory bioassays with walking beetles, the pheromone component Id alone was weakly attractive while EM was inactive, but in binary combination with Id strongly synergized attraction. A combination of EM and Id at a release rate equivalent to 100–200 males was more attractive in the field than 70 unmated males in a spruce log. The addition of myrcene ( a suggested pheromone precursor of Id) to Id did not enhance trap caches, while addition of EM increased catches > 10-fold. Subtracting EM from a blend of Id, EM, cV and MB drastically reduced trap catches while subtraction of cV or MB or both had no significant effect. Addition of EM over a wide concentration range to the synthetic pheromone ofI. typographus did not reduce the attraction of females of this species in the laboratory. A two-species pheromone interaction field test releasingI. typographus pheromone components (MB + cV) at 10–1000 male equivalents (ME) andI. duplicatus pheromone (Id + EM) at 0, 10–1000 ME in all possible combinations showed both positive intraspecific dose-response effects and an interspecific inhibition. Higher release rates of EM appeared to inhibitI. typographus, especially males. In a tree colonization model, the response of the two competing species to their respective pheromones show a good separation during the mass-attack with a small initial cross-attraction. It remains to be shown whether either of the two pheromone systems have in fact evolved in the present sympatry, or if they are an incidental effect of ancestry of these phylogenetically distantIps. 相似文献
20.
Summary. To gain insight into the evolution of the sex pheromone communication system in Ostrinia (Lepidoptera Pyralidae), the sex pheromone of the burdock borer, O. zealis was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), GC-mass spectrometry and a series of
bioassays. Four EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as
tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:OAc), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc). The average amounts (ratio) of the four compounds in single sex pheromone glands were 2.5 ng (13%), 11.6 ng (61%),
4.1 ng (21%) and 0.9 ng (5%), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9-, E11- and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin
females. 14:OAc did not show any enhancement or inhibition of the males’ behavioral responses when added to the ternary blend.
The attractiveness of the 3-component lure to O. zealis males was also confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. zealis is composed of Z9-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio of 70:24:6. The evolutionary changes of the sex pheromones in Ostrinia are also discussed based on the presently available information on the sex pheromones and phylogenetic relationships of Ostrinia spp.
Received 25 September 1998; accepted 2 December 1998. 相似文献