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1.
Abstract As part of a joint USA/USSR Environmental Agreement to determine the distribution and concentration of Chernobyl radioactivity in the northwest Black Sea area, the sediment from eight stations was collected and analyzed to assess the ability of this material to adsorb radiocaesium. Batch tests were conducted in which Cs-137 tracer was added to mixtures of sediment and bottom water, with contact solutions ranging from 85 Bq ml?1 to 1,760 Bq ml?1. This work was done in an argon atmosphere at 9.5°C, which is the average temperature of the sediment. Isotherms were linear for all cores and distribution ratios (RD) calculated from the slopes of the isotherms ranged from 660 to 1,660 ml g?1. These isotherms fit a simplified Freundlich isotherm. Correlations of RD to a number of sediment parameters describing texture and mineralogy were determined. A close relationship was observed between RD for caesium and the percentage of illite contained in the samples. 相似文献
2.
R. Delfanti C. Papucci C. Testa D. Desideri M. A. Meli C. Roselli 《Chemistry and Ecology》1996,12(4):247-251
Deep-sea sediments collected in two areas of the Mediterranean Sea having different sedimentological characteristics have been analyzed to determine present concentrations and inventories of 239,240Pu and to study the main mechanisms controlling them. Plutonium distribution in the deepest part of a submarine canyon (Taranto Valley, Ionian Sea) is compared to that obtained in an abyssal plain (north Algerian Plain). in the latter case, sedimentation is mainly due to the sinking of biogenic particles, while in the former lateral transport of terrigenous material along the slope of the canyon can significantly contribute to sediment accumulation on the bottom.
239,240Pu surface concentration in the canyon ranged from 0.2 to 1 Bq kg-1 (dry weight) and this was lower in the abyssal plain. in this area, plutonium was detectable only in the first 4 cm, while in the canyon it was present down to 11-15 cm. 239,240Pu inventories are 3 Bq m-2 in the plain and 45-60 Bq m-2 in the canyon, indicating considerable input of terrigenous material towards the final part of the Taranto Valley. 相似文献
239,240Pu surface concentration in the canyon ranged from 0.2 to 1 Bq kg-1 (dry weight) and this was lower in the abyssal plain. in this area, plutonium was detectable only in the first 4 cm, while in the canyon it was present down to 11-15 cm. 239,240Pu inventories are 3 Bq m-2 in the plain and 45-60 Bq m-2 in the canyon, indicating considerable input of terrigenous material towards the final part of the Taranto Valley. 相似文献
3.
The concentration of 210Po, an alpha emitter from the natural uranium series was measured in the soft tissues (total), shell, and different organs - digestive glands, gills, mantle and foot - of the freshwater mussel, Parreysia favidens (Benson), collected from the river Kaveri, at Tiruchirapalli in South India. the analyses were made in three size groups based on shell length (Group 1: 2-4 cm; Group 2: 4-5 cm; Group 3: 5-6 cm). the soft tissues of the mussel accumulated higher concentrations of 210Po (74.0-125.5 Bq kg-1 fresh) than the shell (2.9-3.9 Bq kg-1 fresh). Further, younger mussels (1 group) showed higher concentrations (125.5+2.0 Bq kg-1 fresh) in total soft tissues than older ones (III Group) (74.0+1.6 Bq kg-1 fresh); concentration factors were 1.59x 105 in I group and 9.37 × 104 in III group. the 210Po was observed to be non-uniformly distributed among the internal organs, which maintained the following descending order with reference to 210Po accumulation: digestive glands, ranging from 286.2+3.5 Bq kg-1 fresh to 43+1.3 Bq kg-1 fresh. the concentration of 210Po in the mussels was distinctly higher than that in the grass, Echinochloa colonum (J. Koenig), and carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosa (Bloch), from the same river. These data indicate that younger mussels could be used as an excellent biological indicator of 210Po and among soft tissues, digestive glands are preferable to other tissues to monitor the distribution of 210Po in the riverine system. 相似文献
4.
Jinghuan ZHANG Mengchang HE Chunye LIN Ke SUN Bin MEN John L. ZHOU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2009,3(4):434-442
Black carbon (BC) in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-Liao watershed, NE China, was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375°C, and the isolates’ sorption isotherms for phenanthrene (Phen) were determined. All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model. A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter (n values) and BC/total organic carbon (TOC) content of the original sediments (r2=0.687, p<0.01), indicating the dominance of BC in Phen sorption nonlinearity. The BC isolates from this industrialized region had n values of 0.342 to 0.505 and logKFOC values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg−1·OC−1)/(μg·L−1) n for Phen. At a given Ce, the BC had higher Koc value than the original sediments, revealing a higher sorption capacity for BC. BC was responsible for 50.0% to 87.3% of the total sorption at Ce=0.05 Sw, clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments. 相似文献
5.
Yun FANG Meiying XU Xingjuan CHEN Guoping SUN Jun GUO Weimin WU Xueduan LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):444
Extraction of high-quality microbial DNA from contaminated environmental samples is an essential step in microbial ecological study. Based on previously published methods for soil and sediment samples, a modified pretreatment method was developed for extracting microbial DNA from heavily contaminated river sediment samples via selection of optimal pretreatment parameters (i.e., reagent solution, reaction duration, and temperature). The pretreatment procedure involves washing the river sediment sample for three times with a solution containing 0.1 mol·L-1 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.1 mol·L-1 Tris (pH 8.0), 1.5 mol·L-1 NaCl, 0.1 mol·L-1 NaH2PO4, and Na2HPO4 at 65°C with 180 r·min-1 for 15 min to remove humic materials and heavy metals prior to the employment of standard DNA extraction procedures. We compared the results of standard procedure DNA extraction following pretreatment, without pretreatment, and with using a commercial PowerSoilTM DNA Isolation Kit. The results indicated that the pretreatment significantly improved the DNA quality based on DNA yield, DNA fragment length, and determination of prokaryotic diversity. Prokaryotic diversity exhibited in the DNA with the pretreatment was also considerably higher than that extracted with the PowerSoilTM DNA Isolation Kit only. The pretreatment method worked well even with a small amount of sediment sample (0.25 g or even lower). The method provides a novel, simple, cost-effective tool for DNA extraction for microbial community analysis in environmental monitoring and remediation processes. 相似文献
6.
Ruiping LIU Wei XU Kun WU Wenxin GONG Huijuan LIU Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):568-578
The unexpected emergent discharge of high-arsenic wastewater into water environments results in significantly increased levels of arsenic in water; however, the species distribution of arsenic in sediments has never been reported before for such cases. This study focuses on an As pollution accident in the Dasha River, and uses sequential extraction procedures with deionized water, 1?mol·L-1 MgCl2 at pH= 8, 1?mol·L-1 NaH2PO4 at pH= 5, and 1?mol·L-1 HCl to investigate four binding phases of arsenic (i.e., water soluble, ion-exchangeable, strongly-bound, and precipitates) in sediments at different layers in different cross-sections along the river. The average ratio of arsenite (As(III)) to arsenate (As(V)) was found to decrease from 0.74:1 in river water to 0.48:1 in sediment, owing to its higher affinity toward As(V) than As(III). The content of arsenic in the sediments was relatively low and the maximum content was observed to be 36.3?mg·kg-1 for As(III) and 97.5?mg·kg-1 for As(V). As(III) and As(V) showed different binding phases in sediments, and the average fractions of these four species were determined to be 0.09, 0.11, 0.17, and 0.63 for As(III) and 0.03, 0.14, 0.63, and 0.20 for As(V), respectively. For all the sediment samples, the content of arsenic showed no relationship with the characteristics of the sediments such as the particle diameter, the content of organic carbon, Fe, and Mn, although a negative correlation with particle diameter was observed for the sediments in the uppermost 2-cm layer. The unexpected emergent As incident results in the high content of total arsenic in the surface sediment, which may be potential secondary source to the elevated As levels in surface water. 相似文献
7.
Donatella Desideri Maria Assunta Meli Francesco Nonnis Marzano Carla Roselli Corrado Testa Cesare Triulzi Marina Vaghi 《Chemistry and Ecology》1996,12(4):259-264
Sediment samples of different strata (0-3 and 12-15 cm) were collected between 1990 and 1992 during seasonal cruises in the Northern Adriatic Sea. A complete mapping of the Sr-90, Cs-137, Pu-238 and Pu-239(240) concentrations was obtained for samples covering a wide area, stretching from the Gulf of Trieste towards the Ancona shoreline. Sr-90 concentrations varied between 1.5 and 6.5 Bq kg-1 dw, Cs-137 was in the range 0.9-38.9 Bq kg-1 dw, Pu-239(240) in the range 0.08-1.5 Bq kg-1 dw and Pu-238 around 0.03 Bq kg-1 dw. Special reference was also put on the comparison between the off-shore environment and data obtained from samples collected inside the Po river delta. in spite of the major accumulation of Cs-137 inside the estuarine environment, higher concentrations of strontium and plutonium isotopes were detected in the offshore environment. 相似文献
8.
Chen Zhou Ermias Gebrekrstos Tesfamariam Youneng Tang Ang Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):107
9.
Mingxing GAO Yingying LI Hong YANG Yucheng GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):1-10
Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms of pymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL∙g−1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the sorption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples: log KF = 4.3708 − 4.5709 × log (pH in 0.01mol·L−1 CaCl2) + 0.4700 × log OC% + 0.0057 × sand (%) + 0.0022 × CEC(clay), with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption of pymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaCl2 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaCl2 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated. 相似文献
10.
Zhijian LI Shubo DENG Xueying ZHANG Wei ZHOU Jun HUANG Gang YU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):414-420
Three adsorbents including TiO2, Ti-Ce, and Ti-La hybrid oxides were prepared to remove fluoride from aqueous solution. The Ti-Ce and Ti-La hybrid adsorbents obtained by the hydrolysis-precipitation method had much higher sorption capacity for fluoride than the TiO2 adsorbent prepared through hydrolysis. Rare earth (Ce and La) oxides and TiO2 exhibited a synergistic effect in the hybrid adsorbents for fluoride sorption. The sorption equilibrium of fluoride on the three adsorbents was achieved within 4 h, and the pseudo-second-order model described the sorption kinetics well. The sorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well, and the adsorption capacities of fluoride on the Ti-Ce and Ti-La adsorbents were about 9.6 and 15.1 mg·g-1, respectively, at the equilibrium fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg·L-1, much higher than the 1.7 mg·g-1 on the TiO2. The sorption capacities of fluoride on the three adsorbents decreased significantly when the solution pH increased from 3 to 9.5. The electrostatic interaction played an important role in fluoride removal by the three adsorbents, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that the hydroxyl groups on the adsorbent surface were involved in fluoride adsorption. 相似文献
11.
Removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions by using iron-modified corn straw biochar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fenglin LIU Jiane ZUO Tong CHI Pei WANG Bo YANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(6):1066-1075
Iron-modified corn straw biochar was used as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus from agricultural runoff. When agricultural runoffs with a total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 1.86 mg·L−1 to 2.47 mg·L−1 were filtered at a hydraulic retention time of 2 h through a filtration column packed with the modified biochar, a TP removal efficiency of over 99% and an effluent TP concentration of less than 0.02 mg·L−1 were achieved. The isotherms of the phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar fitted the Freundlich equation better than the Langmuir equation. The mechanism of the phosphorus adsorbed by the modified biochar was analyzed by using various technologies, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the surface of the modified biochar was covered by small iron granules, which were identified as Fe3O4. The results also showed that new iron oxides were formed on the surface of the modified biochar after the adsorption of phosphorus. Moreover, new bonds of Fe-O-P and P-C were found, which suggested that the new iron oxides tend to be Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3. Aside from removing phosphorus, adding the modified biochar into soil also improved soil productivity. When the modified biochar-to-soil rate was 5%, the stem, root, and bean of broad bean plants demonstrated increased growth rates of 91%, 64%, and 165%, respectively. 相似文献
12.
Biotransformations of Chlorophenols in River Sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The accumulation of chlorophenols, including 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), from river sediments from southern Taiwan were studied. Through simple or more exhaustive extractions, the results showed that 99% of the samples containing 2,4,6-TCP and PCP could be removed by simple extraction. the concentrations were found to range from non-detectable to 16.60 ngg1 for 2,4,6-TCP and to 25.02 ngg1 for PCP. Partition coefficients (Kp) were 0.71, 0.74 mlg1 for 2,4,6-TCP, 1.35 and 1.41 mlg1 for PCP. Biodegradation by DCP-adapted or unadapted anaerobes in sediment was carried out. During 21 days' incubation, the complete degradation time for 2,4,6-TCP in DCP-adapted anaerobic, unadapted anaerobic, and unadapted aerobic conditions were found to be 9, 10, 12 days for N3 sediment, and 8, 10, 11 days for N6 sediment, respectively; for PCP it was 19 days, without degradation, 14 days for N3 sediment, and 13, 17, 10 days for N6 sediment, respectively. the biodegradable products were identified as 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,5-TeCP), 3,4,5-TCP, 3,5-DCP, 3-MCP, phenol, methylphenol, and benzoate for PCP, and 2,4-DCP, 4-MCP, phenol, methylphenol, and benzoate for 2,4,6-TCP. 相似文献
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14.
Jantanee Jamsangtong Preeda Parkpian R. D. Delaune Aroon Jugsujinda 《Chemistry and Ecology》2004,20(4):241-256
Adsorption and desorption of 137Cs by acid sulphate soils from the Nakhon Nayok province, South Central Plain of Thailand located near the Ongkarak Nuclear Research Center (ONRC) were investigated using a batch equilibration technique. The influence of added limestone (12 and 18 tons ha-1) on 137Cs adsorption-desorption was studied. Based on Freundlich isotherms, both adsorption and desorption of 137Cs were nonlinear. A large portion (98.26-99.97%) of added 137Cs (3.7 × 103-7.03 × 105 Bq l-1) was sorbed by the soils with or without added lime. The higher lime treatments, however, favoured stronger adsorption of 137Cs as compared with soil with no lime, which was supported by higher Kads values. The addition of lime, the cation exchange capacity and pH of the soil increased and hence favoured the stronger adsorption of 137Cs. Acid sulphate soils with a high clay content, medium to high organic matter, high CEC, and predominant clay types consisting of a mixture of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were the main soil factors contributing to the high 137Cs adsorption capacity. Competing cations such as NH4+, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ had little influence on 137Cs adsorption as compared with liming, where a significant positive correlation between Kads and soil pH was observed. The 137Cs adsorption-desorption characteristics of the acid sulphate soils studied exhibited a very strong irreversible sorption pattern. Only a small portion (0.09-0.58%) of 137Cs adsorbed at the highest added initial 137Cs concentration was desorbed by four successive soil extractions. Results clearly demonstrated that Nakhon Nayok province acid sulphate soils have a high 137Cs adsorption capacity, which limits the 137Cs bioavailability. 相似文献
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16.
Yan GUO Chuanfu WU Qunhui WANG Min YANG Qiqi HUANG Markus MAGEP Tianlong ZHENG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(4):6
The use of PLA/starch blends for nitrogen removal was achieved.
The influence of different operating parameters on responses was verified using RSM.
The conditions for desired responses were successfully optimized simultaneously.
Blends material may have a promising application prospect in the future.
Nitrogen removal from ammonium-containing wastewater was conducted using polylactic acid (PLA)/starch blends as carbon source and carrier for functional bacteria. The exclusive and interactive influences of operating parameters (i.e., temperature, pH, stirring rate, and PLA-to-starch ratio (PLA proportion)) on nitrification (Y1), denitrification (Y2), and COD release rates (Y3) were investigated through response surface methodology. Experimental results indicated that nitrogen removal could be successfully achieved in the PLA/starch blends through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The carbon release rate of the blends was controllable. The sensitivity of Y1, Y2, and Y3 to different operating parameters also differed. The sequence for each response was as follows: for Y1, pH>stirring rate>PLA proportion>temperature; for Y2, pH>PLA proportion>temperature>stirring rate; and for Y3, stirring rate>pH>PLA proportion>temperature. In this study, the following optimum conditions were observed: temperature, 32.0°C; pH 7.7; stirring rate, 200.0 r·min-1; and PLA proportion, 0.4. Under these conditions, Y1, Y2, and Y3 were 134.0 μg-N·g-blend-1·h-1, 160.9 μg-N·g-blend-1·h-1, and 7.6 × 103 μg-O·g-blend-1·h-1, respectively. These results suggested that the PLA/starch blends may be an ideal packing material for nitrogen removal. 相似文献
17.
Rongfang YUAN Beihai ZHOU Duo HUA Chunhong SHI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(5):850
The effect of ion-doping on TiO2 nanotubes were investigated to obtain the optimal TiO2 nanotubes for the effective decomposition of humic acids (HA) through O3/UV/ion-doped TiO2 process. The experimental results show that changing the calcination temperature, which changed the weight fractions of the anatase phase, the average crystallite sizes, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, and the energy band gap of the catalyst, affected the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The ionic radius, valence state, and configuration of the dopant also affected the photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts on HA removal increased when Ag+, Al3+, Cu2+, Fe3+, V5+, and Zn2+ were doped into the TiO2 nanotubes, whereas such activities decreased as a result of Mn2+- and Ni2+-doping. In the presence of 1.0 at.% Fe3+-doped TiO2 nanotubes calcined at 550°C, the removal efficiency of HA was 80% with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.158 min−1. Fe3+ in TiO2 could increase the generation of ·OH, which could remove HA. However, Fe3+ in water cannot function as a shallow trapping site for electrons or holes. 相似文献
18.
Yunxue Xia Dong Qiu Zhong Lyv Jianshuai Zhang Narendra Singh Kaimin Shih Yuanyuan Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(5):61
19.
Fengjie ZHANG Xiaoxia OU Shuo CHEN Chunqiu RAN Xie QUAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(4):484-492
The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2 as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb(II) and Cu(II) were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation (R 2>0.96). The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb(II) than Cu(II), which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1∶1 molar ratio of Pb(II) and Cu(II), the total amount of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions. 相似文献
20.
Comparing the adsorption behaviors of Cd,Cu and Pb from water onto Fe-Mn binary oxide,MnO2 and FeOOH
Wei XU Huachun LAN Hongjie WANG Hongming LIU Jiuhui QU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):385
The adsorption potential of FMBO, FeOOH, MnO2 for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous systems was investigated in this study. Comparing to FMBO and FeOOH, MnO2 offered a much higher removal capacity towards the three metal ions. The maximal adsorption capacity of MnO2 for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ were 1.23, 2.25 and 2.60 mmol·g-1, respectively. And that for FMBO were 0.37, 1.13, and 1.18 mmol·g-1 and for FeOOH were 0.11, 0.86 and 0.48 mmol·g-1, respectively. The adsorption behaviors of the three metal ions on the three adsorbents were all significantly affected by pH values and heavy metal removal efficiency increased with pH increased. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of the three metal ions onto the three adsorbents. Results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm and this indicated that adsorption of metal ions occurred on the three metal oxides adsorbents limited to the formation of a monolayer. More negative charged of MnO2 surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH could be ascribed by lower pHiep of MnO2 than that of FMBO and FeOOH and this could contribute to more binding sites on MnO2 surface than that of FMBO and FeOOH. The higher metal ions uptake by MnO2 than FMBO and FeOOH could be well explained by the surface charge mechanism. 相似文献