采用表面活性剂去除油砂开采尾砂中的油

采用表面活性剂吐温- 80溶液浸取油砂开采尾砂中的油,研究了各工艺条件对除油效果的影响.实验确定的最佳工艺条件:溶液pH为7,反应温度为25℃,搅拌转速为120 r/min,固液比(尾砂与吐温- 80溶液质量比)为1∶5,吐温- 80溶液体积分数为0.20％,振荡时间为2h.在最佳工艺条件下经处理后尾砂中含油量在0.3...     

考虑油滴碰撞聚结的斜板除油过程模拟

考虑离散油滴在油田废水除油过程中发生的油滴碰撞聚结现象,模拟得出斜板除油器内全部油滴的动态信息,用于斜板除油器除油效率的计算.对矩形同向流斜板除油过程的模拟研究表明:油滴的碰撞聚结会增加斜板除油的效率;当废水的原始含油浓度增大时,斜板除油的效率会增大,碰撞聚结对除油效率提高的影响也越大;废水流动速度提高及斜板的倾斜角度增加均会使斜板的除油效率降低,但此时油滴碰撞聚结对除油效率的影响仍很明显.     

柴油挥发行为的研究

对柴油进行了在玻璃表面皿上和在土壤中的挥发实验研究。在玻璃表面皿的挥发实验中,进行了30℃条件下柴油与90^#汽油、煤油及沙特原油挥发的对比实验。实验结果表明,柴油和煤油的挥发量与挥发时间呈指数关系,而90^#汽油与沙特原油的挥发量与挥发时间呈对数关系。柴油在土壤中的挥发实验表明,土壤质地、土壤的含水量及柴油浓度都影响柴油的挥发量。土壤中的柴油污染物有一种向上运动的所谓“灯芯”作用,适度的土壤含水量会促进“灯芯”作用,而过高的含水量则抑制其发生。     

共基质和无机盐对原油降解菌株降解原油效果的影响

从大港油田石油污染土壤中分离筛选出1株原油降解菌X3,对原油的降解率达72．6％,经鉴定X3菌株属于假单胞菌属（Psedomonas）。利用生物摇床对X3菌株降解原油的实验发现,共代谢基质α-乳糖对X3菌株降解原油有促进作用,可使原油降解率提高到80．3％;而葡萄糖和蔗糖对X3菌株降解原油有抑制作用。Fe2＋对X3菌株的降解原油也有促进作用,在α-乳糖和Fe2＋的共同作用下,X3菌株对原油的降解率可达82．3％;K＋和Mg2＋对X3菌株降解原油则有抑制作用。在FeSO4质量浓度为0．2～0．3mg／L时,X3菌株对原油的降解率最高,FeSO4质量浓度继续增加,X3菌株对原油的降解率下降。     

用棉籽油皂脚制备棉籽油甲酯

以002CR型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,在固定床反应器中用高酸值棉籽油皂脚制备棉籽油甲酯,考察了各种因素对酯化反应的影响。实验结果表明,在甲醇与脂肪酸摩尔比为2、反应温度为60℃、停留时间为80min的条件下,酯化率为94．67％。工业化生产中可选用经脱水处理后的工业甲醇为原料,以降低生产成本。所得棉籽油甲酯的收率为90％,主要性能指标基本达到美国生物柴油标准要求。     

柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气

研究了采用柴油低温临界吸收法回收装车挥发油气的效果。实验结果表明：按装车挥发油气中的总烃体积分数为20.88%、装车挥发油气流量为280 m³/h、年运行时间为2 668 h计,装置年回收油气量为291 t,装置年最大运行功率为206.770 MW,装置投资回收期为3 a;处理后净化气中的总烃体积分数为1.24%,排放质量浓度低于25 g/m³,油气回收率达95%。处理后净化气满足GB 20950—2007《储油库大气污染物排放标准》,取得了较好的环保效益和经济效益。     

The Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Foam with Coconut Oil Polyol and Rapeseed Oil Polyol

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The bio-based acoustic materials have flourished with the future depletion of petroleum resources in recent years. This paper dedicates on the synthesis of...     

The Media Politics of Oil Spills

This paper considers the ways in which news values shape the reporting of oil spills and the constraints under which media practitioners work. A series of oil spills since the late 1960s [including the Torrey Canyon (1967), the Exxon Valdez (1989), and the Sea Empress (1996)] have attracted considerable attention from the news media. The focus is upon the dynamics through which news sources, with their own particular vested interests, compete to secure representation of the issues. Media discourse on risk and the environment is, to a significant extent, a discourse dependent upon the voices of official “experts”. Environmental organizations, industry, scientists and government offer their own particular competing accounts of the “reality” of the situation. Issues concerning differential access to the news media are crucial when considering who comes to define the event. Accordingly, the article examines the strategies adopted by the various news sources involved in influencing the symbolic representation of public issues.Media practitioners are faced with great problems in interpreting and explaining these competing claims. Relatively few journalists and broadcasters have a scientific training and perhaps one of the greatest problems is that by simplifying complex scientific information one inevitably distorts it. Frequently researchers make the assumption that it is possible to demonstrate a direct causal link between news media coverage and public attitudes. However, the paper calls for great caution in interpreting “public opinion” concerning environmental issues and concludes by arguing that news media representations may more usefully be viewed as the outcome of a battle among a selective range of news sources, each seeking to provide their own definition of the public representation of the issues.     

The Significance of Oil Spill Dispersants

There is growing acceptance worldwide that use of dispersants to counter the effects of an oil spill offers many advantages and can often result in a net environmental benefit when considered in relation to other response options. A major reason for this growing support and increased reliance on dispersants is the advent of improved dispersant products that are low in toxicity to marine life and more effective at dispersing heavy and weathered oils – oils previously believed to be undispersible. This capability has been demonstrated through extensive laboratory testing, field trials, and dispersant application on actual spills. This paper summarizes recent advances in dispersant R&D and reviews the implications of technology advances.     

Long-term Environmental Impact of Oil Spills

Oil contamination may persist in the marine environment for many years after an oil spill and, in exceptional cases such as salt marshes and mangrove swamps, the effects may be measurable for decades after the event. However, in most cases, environmental recovery is relatively swift and is complete within 2–10 years. Where oil has been eliminated from the scene, the long-term environmental impacts are generally confined to community structure anomalies that persist because of the longevity of the component species.     

Synergistic Effect of Oil Palm Based Pozzolanic Materials/Oil Palm Waste on Polyester Hybrid Composite

This research work aims to investigate the synergistic effect of pozzolanic materials such as oil palm ash (OPA) and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) on the developed hybrid polymer composites. The OPEFB and OPA fillers of different particle sizes (250, 150, and 75 µm) were mixed at OPEFB:OPA ratios of (0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40; 80:20 and 100:0) and incorporated into an unsaturated polyester resin. Furthermore, both mechanical and morphological properties of the composites were analyzed and it was found that tensile, flexural, and impact properties were significantly improved at OPEFB:OPA of 75 µm particle size hybridization of the polymer. The increase of OPEFB to OPA filler ratio up to 80:20 significantly improved the tensile properties of the composites while 40:60 ratio of 75 µm gave the optimum filler ratio to obtain the highest flexural and impact properties of the composites among all studied samples. Scanning electron micrograph images showed strong particle dispersion of the embedded fillers with resin which explained the excellent mechanical strength enhancement of the composite.     

Synthesis and Properties Modified Feather Keratin-Based Motor Oil Sorbing Cryogels with High Oil Holding Capacity

Oleic acid was used to modify keratin extracted from chicken feathers by free radical initiated graft copolymerization. Thereafter, the modified keratin was used for the synthesis of cryogels. The influence of oleic acid modification, the crosslinker content, and the protein concentration on the properties of the cryogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SDS-PAGE, and through oil holding capacity tests. To enhance the sorption properties, the cryogels were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Varying protein concentration from 1.27 to 5.09 wt% and glutaraldehyde concentration from 0 to 5 wt% produced cryogels with oil holding capacity ranging from 4.56 to 10.76 g/g. The highest results exceeded the sorption capacity of previously published oleic acid modified woodchips (6.3 g/g) as well as polypropylene (6 g/g), which is the standard material used in industry.     

炼油废水回用流程改造

在原炼油废水处理流程的基础上增加了接触氧化和斜板沉淀等处理工艺,提高了生物处理效果,并在接触氧化池中投加专性菌种,提高了COD和NH_3-N的去除效果,出水中COD和NH_3-N质量浓度平均为64.1 mg/L和3.9 mg/L,基本达到了中水的水质要求。     

用海泡石处理采油废水

用海泡石吸附法处理采油废水,考察了处理时间、海泡石加入量和采油废水pH对采油废水COD去除率的影响,并通过正交实验优化了采油废水处理工艺条件。通过正交实验得到的采油废水处理最佳工艺条件为：处理时间6h,粒径为150μm的海泡石加入量200g／L,采油废水pH9。在该条件下处理采油废水,COD去除率达到91％,处理后出水的COD为34．71mg／L,小于GB8978-1996（（污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准（60mg／L）。     

石油污染土壤修复技术的进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的发展现状及存在的瓶颈,分析了石油污染对油-水-土界面性质、土-水关系和土壤渗透性等水理性质的影响.对石油污染土壤再利用于工程建设进行了探讨,并总结了石油污染土壤主要的力学性质变化,为石油污染土壤修复技术的工程实践和机理研究提供参考.     

用带式压滤机处理含油污泥

对中油集团锦州石化分公司污水处理场的含油污泥装置进行了改造，介绍了带式压滤机处理含油污泥的机理，特点及工艺流程，从装置近10个 月的运行效果看，生产运行指标，达到了设计要求，同时，带式压滤机处理含油污泥仍具有一些不足之处。     

轻质油品铁路装车系统的改造

针对近年来企业轻质油品铁路装车系统改造过程中需要注意的几个问题进行了危害性分析,并提出了整改方案：栈台改造时要确保罐车与栈台边缘的距离满足安全间距;确保鹤管和罐车的准确对位;装车流速的控制即要考虑铁路部门不超过3h的要求,也要满足安全流速的要求;装车泵宜选用变频技术;不同油品的鹤管必须分开设置;装车前罐车内的残油和鹤管管线中的残油应进行回收处理;密封盖的选型应考虑密封面的形式和装车过程中车辆的下沉等因素;油气回收设施与栈台的距离不应超过800mm,油气回收主管线的直径可根据实际装车泵最大流量进行核算。