meso-四(3-氯-4-甲氧基苯基)卟啉二阶导数分光光度法测定废水中痕量汞(Ⅱ)

本文基于Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）ｍｅｓｏ四（３氯４甲氧基苯基）卟啉（Ｔ（３Ｃｌ４ＭＯＰ）Ｐ）Ｔｗｅｎ８０显色体系,提出一种高灵敏度二阶导数分光光度法测定工业废水中的痕量汞（Ⅱ）,研究了汞配合物的形成条件。在ｐＨ７２～７９的中性介质中和Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０的存在下,沸水浴加热６ｍｉｎ,反应进行完全。汞（Ⅱ）量在１８～１０４μｇ／Ｌ范围内符合比尔定律,二阶导数分光光度法测定汞（Ⅱ）的表观摩尔吸光系数ε４５２６,４６１６＝９８８×１０６Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１,检出限为１８ｎｇ／ｍｌ。方法用于工业废水中痕量Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）的测定,结果满意。     

无铝箔复膜复合玻璃纤维风管安全性能的监测

本文采用Ｓ２７００型扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对无铝箔复膜复合玻璃钢空调通风管道玻璃纤维污染进行了观测,并采用ＱＰ５０００型色谱／质谱联用仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对通风管道在火灾中焚烧产生的烟气进行了分析,模拟试验的监测结果表明,通风管道空气流中玻璃纤维浓度为３２０３５０根／立方米,焚烧烟气中检出了２甲基丙烯酰苯胺,这是一种有害物质。     

GEMS／Water介绍（1）

ＧＥＭＳ／Ｗａｔｅｒ介绍（１）朱玉栋（中国环境监测总站，北京１０００１２）ＧＬｏｂａＬＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＭｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍ（简称为ＧＥＭＳ）是全球环境监测系统；ＧＥＭＳ／Ｗａｔｅｒ是全球环境监测系统中的水质监测，通常称为全球水质...     

锌、铝的激光-时间分辨荧光测定

本文报道了以７碘８羟基喹啉５磺酸作荧光增强剂的Ｚｎ、Ａｌ激光时间分辨荧光测定方法。方法检出限分别为２５μｇ／Ｌ和１０μｇ／Ｌ。用牛肝粉标准品（ＮＢＳ１５７７ａ）进行了验证     

GEMS／Water介绍（3）──1993年监测结果（Ⅰ）

ＧＥＭＳ／Ｗａｔｅｒ介绍（３）──１９９３年监测结果（Ⅰ）表１长江武汉站水质监测结果（ｍｇ／Ｌ）注：Ｌ表示检测结果低于最低检出限，Ｌ前放值为最低检出限值．农２黄河治日越＊质监测结果（ｍｙＬ）往ｇＬ含义同表１；Ｇ表示检日结果高于可检出范围，Ｇ前数值为最...     

气相色谱法测定废水中N，N─二甲基甲酰胺

用气相色谱仪氢焰检测器，ＰＥＧ２０Ｍ毛细管柱测定废水中的Ｎ，Ｎ二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ），结果表明与分光光度法基本一致     

二溴羟基苯基荧光酮-OP胶束荧光熄灭法测定地面水中的微量铁(Ⅲ)

本文基于Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）二溴羟基苯基荧光酮（ＤＢＨ—ＰＦ）ＯＰ体系的荧光熄灭效应,提出一种测定微量铁（Ⅲ）的新荧光方法,在ｐＨ３８４８的缓冲介质范围内和ＯＰ存在下,Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）与ＤＢＨＰＦ形成１∶３的络合物,络合物的最大激发波长和发射波长分别是３６５ｎｍ和５６０ｎｍ。铁（Ⅲ）量在０１６～１８０μｇ／Ｌ范围内与△Ｆ成线性关系,检测限为０１６μｇ／Ｌ,方法用于地面水中微量铁的测定,结果满意。     

空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮的气相色谱法测定

本文研究采用了空气或废气中挥发性醛、酮类化合物在常温下经２，４二硝基苯肼（ＤＮＰＨ）的酸性饱和溶液吸收，分别形成各自的腙，用ＣＳ２萃取后，经气相色谱法（ＧＣＦＩＤ）以３％ＳＥ３０／ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＷＨＰ８０１００目为固定相和载体，分离测定，对空气或废气中的甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、丁醛、丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮等的测定，获得较满意的结果。     

吹扫捕集- GC/ M S- SIM法测定海水中挥发性有机污染物

采用吹扫捕集ＧＣ／ＭＳ－ＳＩＭ法测定水中挥发性有机物,具有定量准确、操作简便等特点,检测限可达ｎｇ／Ｌ级,适合天南地北水中低深度挥发性有机物的测定。测定实际海水样品,其浓度范围在０．４ｎｇ／Ｌ～１０００ｎｇ／Ｌ之间。     

GEMSWater介绍（4）──1993年监测结果（Ⅱ）

ＧＥＭＳＷａｔｅｒ介绍（４）──１９９３年监测结果（Ⅱ）表３珠江高要站水质监测结果表表４太湖椒山站水质监测结果表朱王栋（中国环境监测总站）GEMSWater介绍（4）──1993年监测结果（Ⅱ）@朱王栋$中国环境监测总站...     

Statistical needs in national water quality monitoring programs

The concept that a few well chosen, strategically placed, water quality stations can provide valuable scientific information to water managers is common to many countries. Historically within Canada, water quality regional networks (Great Lakes network, Prairie Provinces Water Board network, Long Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants network, etc.) have been successfully operating for many years. This paper will describe the difficulties associated with developing a national water quality network for a country the size of Canada. In particular, it will describe some of the statistical tools presently being used in regional networks which are suitable for a national network, and discuss the need to develop new statistical tools for environmental monitoring in the 1990's.     

Effects of Regional Reductions in Sulphur Deposition on the Chemical and Biological Recovery of Lakes within Killarney Park, Ontario, Canada

The lakes in KillarneyProvincial Park, located 40–60 km southwest ofSudbury, Ontario, were some of the first lakesin North America to be acidified by atmosphericpollutants. Acidification affected thousandsof fish and invertebrate populations in dozensof lakes. Since the 1970's, water quality hasimproved in response to atmospheric pollutionreductions and some lakes have alreadyrecovered to approximately their pre-industrialpH levels, as inferred from diatom microfossilsin lake sediments. Since the 1970's, fishspecies richness has not changed substantially,but zooplankton species richness has increasedin acidified lakes. The critical sulphur load,the amount of SO₂-derived acid depositionthat can occur while still maintaining suitable water quality, was estimated to beexceeded in 38% of the park area in 1997. Depending on which of four possible NorthAmerican emission control scenarios (CLR =currently legislated reduction; CLR + 25%; CLR+ 50%; CLR + 75%) is achieved by 2010, theprojected critical loads will be exceeded inabout 0-30% of the park area in the future. There are many factors that can affectbiological recovery rates of damaged lakes, butit is expected that biological recovery willlag considerably behind observed chemicalrecovery rates.     

Long-term variations of water quality parameters in the Maroon River, Iran

Sixteen water quality parameters have been monitored at four stations located along the Maroon River during 1989?C2008. The trend analysis was performed on seasonal and annual time-scales using the Mann?CKendall test, the Sen??s slope estimator and the linear regression. The relationships of the water quality parameters to river discharge were also investigated. The statistical methods showed both positive and negative trends in annual water quality data. However, significant trends were detected by the statistical methods only in calcium, magnesium, sodium absorption ratio, pH, and turbidity series. The results indicated that the concentrations of the water quality parameters increased in spring and winter seasons, while the concentrations were diluted in summer and autumn seasons in the last two decades. Moreover, the highest numbers of significant trends were found in the spring and summer series, respectively. According to the regression analysis, most of the water quality parameters were negatively correlated with river discharge.     

Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India

An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using six water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD), Most Probable Number (MPN), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH measured at eight different stations along the river basin. Rating curves were drawn based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Bhargava WQI method and Harmonic Mean WQI method were used to find overall WQI along the stretch of the river basin. Five point rating scale was used to classify water quality in each of the study areas. It was found that the water quality of Netravathi varied from Excellent to Marginal range by Bhargava WQI method and Excellent to Poor range by Harmonic Mean WQI method. It was observed that the impact of human activity was severe on most of the parameters. The MPN values exceeded the tolerable limits at almost all the stations. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and high anthropogenic activities.     

湿法水雾除尘技术在机立窑窑尾烟气治理上的应用

机立窑窑尾烟气在治理上有一定难度,湿法水雾除尘技术的应用取得了一些进展。     

氧化偶氮胂M褪色光度法测定微量锰的研究

在酸性介质中,Ｍｎ（Ⅶ）强的氧化性对偶氮胂Ｍ有褪色作用,借此进行吸光光度法测定微量锰的研究。实验表明,在１８～２７ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４介质中,有色溶液的最大吸收波长为５４０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为１８３×１０４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ,锰量在０～１４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与有色溶液吸光度的减少值呈线性关系。方法简单快速、选择性好、准确度高,灵敏度是高锰酸盐法的近８倍,可用于测定水样、地质样品中的微量锰。在测定某些地质样品中的微量锰时,结果满意。     

基于MDSF的河流水质预警

介绍了流域水资源模拟与决策支持框架(MDSF)的框架结构、InfoWorks RS水质模拟方法及水质模型。利用MDSF,通过节点、断面、连接等建模工具构建长江南京段水质预警计算网络,并采用2005年实测资料说明了水动力、水质计算的上下游边界条件和模型参数率定等方法。     

Comparative analysis of regional water quality in Canada using the Water Quality Index

The Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME) has developed a Water Quality Index (WQI) to simplify the reporting of complex water quality data. This science-based communication tool tests multi-variable water data against numeric water quality guidelines and/or objectives to produce a single unit-less number that represents overall water quality. The CCME WQI has been used to rate overall water quality in spatial and temporal comparisons of site(s). However, it has not been used in a comparative-analysis of exposure sites to reference sites downstream of point source discharges. This study evaluated the ability of the CCME WQI to differentiate water quality from metal mines across Canada at exposure sites from reference sites using two different types of numeric water quality objectives: (1) the water quality guidelines (WQG) for the protection of freshwater aquatic life and (2) water quality objectives determined using regional reference data termed Region-Specific Objectives (RSO). The application of WQG to the CCME WQI was found to be a good tool to assess absolute water quality as it relates to national water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life, but had more limited use when evaluating spatial changes in water quality downstream of point source discharges. The application of the RSO to the CCME WQI resulted in assessment of spatial changes in water quality downstream of point source discharges relative to upstream reference conditions.     

水污染指数法在河流水质评价中的应用研究

为满足我国水质评价与管理的需要,针对单因子评价法和综合污染指数法在水质评价中存在的问题,提出了水污染指数法。采用该方法对湘江干流2009年的水质状况进行了试评价,并将评价结果与单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、模糊综合评判法以及主成分分析法的评价结果进行了对比。结果表明,水污染指数法在水质类别评价、水质定量评价、主要污染指标识别、劣Ⅴ类水体水质比较等方面均具有明显优势,同时,该方法计算过程简单、易掌握,具有较强的推广、应用价值。     

A Methodology for Space-Time Classification of Groundwater Quality

Safeguarding groundwater from civil, agricultural and industrial contamination is matter of great interest in water resource management. During recent years, much legislation has been produced stating the importance of groundwater as a source for drinking water supplies, underlining its vulnerability and defining the required quality standards. Thus, schematic tools, able to characterise the quality and quantity of groundwater systems, are of very great interest in any territorial planning and/or water resource management activity.This paper proposes a groundwater quality classification method which has been applied to a real aquifer, starting from several studies published by the Italian National Hydrogeologic Catastrophe Defence Group (GNDCI).The methodology is based on the concentration values of several parameters used as indexes of the natural hydro-chemical water condition and of potential man-induced modifications of groundwater quality. The resulting maps, although representative of the quality, do not include any information on its evolution in time. In this paper, this “stationary” classification method has been improved by crossing the quality classes with three indexes of temporal behaviour during recent years. It was then applied to data from monitoring campaigns, performed in spring and autumn, from 1990 to 1996, in the plain of Modena aquifer (central Italy). The results are reported in the form of space-time classification table and maps.