南京市生态城市建设的现状、问题及对策

生态城市建设作为解决城市的环境污染和生态破坏的重要途径,已经受到了政府、学者和广大群众的关注。南京是一个典型的资源消耗型城市,具有一定的代表性,因此就南京自2005年开始的生态城市建设状况进行了研究,对其他城市具有参考意义。首先,介绍了南京生态城市建设的必要性、总体定位、基本目标。接着,从南京的经济、社会、文化、自然条件出发,结合过去的实践经验,从生态农业和农村、生态工业园区、生态社区三个角度,分析了南京生态城市建设的现状,并对存在的问题进行了分析,同时还对《国家生态城市建设指标》和《南京生态建设规划纲要》中的经济发展、资源与环境、社会进步三大类28项指标进行了对比研究。最后,针对南京建设生态城市所存在的主要问题,结合南京的城市特点,对照南京生态城市建设的战略定位和量化指标,提出了相应的对策和措施。     

滨海型工业城市的经济发展和生态环境耦合协调关系研究——以玉环市为例

玉环市在城市建设过程中需要处理好经济发展与生态环境之间的关系.选取与玉环市经济发展和生态环境两个系统密切相关的7个一级指标共计26个二级指标,选用耦合协调度模型对玉环市经济发展与生态环境耦合协调水平进行评价.结果表明,玉环市2010—2019年经济发展和生态环境综合得分总体均呈稳步上升趋势,但生态环境略滞后于经济发展,...     

石家庄市生态环境建设存在的主要问题及对策

石家庄市目前存在大气污染严重、水资源短缺、滹沱河断流、沙化逐年加剧等生态环境问题,根据城市生态学原理和指导思想以及基本原则,结合21世纪初该市的城市生态建设、经济发展和城市化目标,提出了生态环境建设的对策.     

石家庄市经济发展与城市生态环境存在的问题及对策

随着城市的发展 ,环境问题已成为石家庄市经济发展的制约因素。针对石家庄市的社会经济发展目标及城市环境问题 ,阐述了城市生态建设对于城市发展的重要性 ,分析了城市生态建设与经济发展的辩证关系 ,提出了石家庄市城市生态环境建设的对策     

人工湿地污水处理技术与节约型城市的建设

人工湿地污水处理技术是一个完整的生态系统，正不断得到研究应用和发展，具有出水水质好、增加绿地面积、改善和美化生态环境、操作简单、维护和运行费用低廉等优点，是建设节约型城市的重要措施之一，具有极其广阔的应用前景。     

陕西省经济发展与生态环境耦合协调发展研究

定量分析2008—2018年陕西省经济发展与生态环境状况,并探讨两者的耦合协调关系及耦合协调发展的主要影响因素,以期为陕西省经济环境协调可持续发展提供参考.分析表明:(1)陕西省经济发展指数与生态环境指数总体呈波动上升趋势,整体经济发展滞后于生态环境建设,且区域各城市间经济发展不平衡.(2)经济发展与生态环境的耦合协调...     

成都市环境战略研究

城市环境战略研究,是对城市环境质量现状及其发展趋势进行宏观控制的战略设想,对城市总体规划、城市建设与发展、城市环境管理等综合部门的科学决策有着重要意义.本文针对成都市的环境背景条件和城市性质与功能等具体情况,对当前城市生态环境特点和主要环境质量问题进行了比较全面、系统的分析,特别是对地表水、地下水、大气、固体废弃物、交通噪声等环境要素的环境质量现状作出了简要评述,并对今后的发展趋势提出初步看法,指出了成都市当前环境问题的严重性和急待进行宏观控制的迫切性.在此基础上,作者对该市环境污染防治和改善环境质量的对策,提出了自己的意见。     

公路施工的环境污染分析及防治措施

通过对某公路建设施工期的环境污染源调查分析，探讨了采取的防治措施，以预防或减少公路建设项目在施工期间对环境的影响。     

环境产权视角下的生态补偿机制研究

如何改善脆弱的生态环境,保护人类唯一的家园,已经成为人类生存和发展亟需解决的现实问题.通过对环境产权和生态补偿的融合性研究,探讨了经济发展与生态环境质量改善,促进人类与生态可持续发展的思路.在环境产权视角下建立和完善中国生态补偿机制需要:准确理解环境产权和生态补偿的深刻内涵,把握两者复杂的本质联系;加强生态保护立法,建...     

中国产业转型升级示范区环境规制对产业转型升级的影响研究

选取2004—2017年18个产业转型升级示范区(以下简称示范区)的26个城市，构建评价体系测度了环境规制强度和产业高端化、合理化、集群化等6个方向的产业转型升级水平，利用聚类分析法和面板回归模型探究了环境规制对产业转型升级的倒逼影响机制。结果表明：(1)示范区产业转型升级水平和不同污染治理效果逐年上升，转型效果初显且生态环境逐步改善。(2)环境规制对于示范区产业转型升级具有明显推动作用，环境规制对低产业转型升级水平示范区的倒逼作用强于高产业转型升级水平示范区。(3)环境质量指标对于示范区产业转型升级的影响强于污染控制指标。(4)环境规制对示范区产业信息化方向的促进程度最大，其次是产业国际化，再次是产业合理化和产业集群化，而对产业高端化和生态化的影响未通过显著性检验。     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

The Governance of the Mitigation of the Baltic Sea Eutrophication: Exploring the Challenges of the Formal Governing System

This article focuses on the governing system of the mitigation of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Policies and measures of the Baltic Sea coastal countries, the macro--regional (HELCOM) level, and the level of the European Union are described and governance challenges explicated. We found that the main challenges at different governance levels include: differences between coastal countries in terms of environmental conditions including environmental awareness, overlaps of policies between different levels, the lack of adequate spatial and temporal specification of policies, and the lack of policy integration. To help to meet these challenges, we suggest closer involvement of stakeholders and the public, the improvement of the interplay of institutions, and the introduction of a “primus motor” for the governance of the mitigation of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.     

Effect of the pesticide lindane on the biomass of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata

This study assesses the growth of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata in the presence of lindane and the ability of N. oculata to remove lindane from media. Algal biomass increased with 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 of lindane, and lindane concentrations in the media decreased. N. oculata removed 73% and 68.2% of lindane in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 media concentrations, respectively. Algal biomass decreased to the level of the control at lindane concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L^?1, probably due to toxicity. N. oculata removed lindane from the media at concentrations lower than 1.0 mg L^?1. Thus, N. oculata may be useful for lindane bioremediation in contaminated aquatic systems.     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

Characterization and application of the enzyme peroxidase to the degradation of the mycotoxin DON

Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the main mycotoxins found in food matrices, has high level of toxicity. This study aimed to characterize the peroxidase enzyme extracted from rice bran to be applied to the biodegradation of DON in order to evaluate the potential peroxidase (PO) from rice bran (RB) has to degrade DON in optimal conditions. Purification and recovery factors of PO extracted from RB and purified by three-phase partitioning were 5.7% and 50%, respectively. PO had the highest level of activity in the phosphate buffer 5 mM pH 5.5 in both crude and purified forms, whose reaction temperatures were 25°C and 10°C. At the end of production, purification and characterization steps, specific activities of the bran were 115.79 U mg^?1 and 4363 U g^?1. Reduction in the mycotoxin DON in optimal conditions determined for PO from RB was 20.3%, a promising result when the aim is to adequate mycotoxicological levels to foods.     

Determining the role of humic substances in the fate of pesticides in the environment

Abstract

The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed. Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV‐radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability to UV‐radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is discussed.     

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition: revisiting the question of the importance of the organic component

The organic component of atmospheric reactive nitrogen plays a role in biogeochemical cycles, climate and ecosystems. Although its deposition has long been known to be quantitatively significant, it is not routinely assessed in deposition studies and monitoring programmes. Excluding this fraction, typically 25-35%, introduces significant uncertainty in the determination of nitrogen deposition, with implications for the critical loads approach. The last decade of rainwater studies substantially expands the worldwide dataset, giving enough global coverage for specific hypotheses to be considered about the distribution, composition, sources and effects of organic-nitrogen deposition. This data collation and meta-analysis highlights knowledge gaps, suggesting where data-gathering efforts and process studies should be focused. New analytical techniques allow long-standing conjectures about the nature and sources of organic N to be investigated, with tantalising indications of the interplay between natural and anthropogenic sources, and between the nitrogen and carbon cycles.     

Industrial plastic on the southern beaches of the Arabian Gulf and the western beaches of the Gulf of Oman

The increasing production and use of plastic in the Arabian Gulf combined with shipping and waste disposal practices, have increased the concentration of plastic particles on the sea's surface and beaches. The objective of this investigation was to provide an assessment of the abundance, distribution, potential sources and significance of industrial plastic on the western beaches of the United Arab Emirates on the Arabian Gulf and on the eastern beaches on the Gulf of Oman. The abundance of stranded plastic pellets was highly uneven. By early 1992 alarming levels of fresh plastic pellets were noticed on the Arabian Gulf beaches of the UAE. Large numbers of 25 kg sacks of white plastic spherules manufactured by (SABIC) in Jubail, Saudi Arabia were washed ashore. When compared to the west coast on the Arabian Gulf, the east coast on the Gulf of Oman exhibited much lower levels of plastic pellets. When compared to other parts of the world, the beaches of the UAE on the Arabian Gulf are considered to be heavily polluted with industrial plastic.     

Isolation of the stable fraction (the core) of the humic acid

Humic acid consists of a recalcitrant (unhydrolysed fraction) (the core) and labile (hydrolysable fraction) fraction. Core-humic acid (core-HA) isolation was performed by treating source material with apolar and polar solvents (organic solvents+acid hydrolysis) before alkaline extraction. Leonardite, soil Ah horizont and dry blood were chosen for this study because of their different origin and degree of humification. Chemical analysis (elemental analysis, total acidity, E(4):E(6)), spectroscopic analysis (DRIFT and (1)H NMR), and complete mass balance were used to investigate the effect of purifying humic acids. The results obtained showed that purification produced a slight modification of Leonardite humic acids as was expected for these highly humified organic matrices. On the other hand, about 500 g kg(-1) of soil humic acids were lost by purification. The fractions lost mainly consisted of carbohydrates. Dry blood showed the presence of humic acids that contrasted with its origin, thus indicating the limitations of the common analytical methods used for HA extraction. Nevertheless, in practice, purification caused the complete disappearance (914 g kg(-1) of HA was lost) of these HAs. The results obtained in this work suggest that the HA fraction isolated (named core-HA) effectively represents the HA structure proposed by the existing literature, since the purification proposed was able to eliminate the adsorbed organic molecules (interference materials) coating the HA structure.