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1.
Informational uncertainties of risk assessment about accidents of chemicals   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
IntroductionTheaccidentalriskassessmentofthechemicalsisafrontierscienceandtechnologyreferredtobothenvironmentalscienceandsafetytechnology .Inrecentyearsmanyresearchworkersinthisfieldhavedoneit.Theanalysisofchemicalaccidentsmainlyincludedthattheleakage…  相似文献   

2.
IntroductionHydrolysisisthereactionofchemicalswithwaterandalsoanimportantenvironmentalprocessoforganicpollutants.Hydrolysisofsyntheticorganiccompoundsoccursviaseveralpathwayswhichinvolvethespecific acid , baseandneutralprocesses.Inaddition ,waterdissocia…  相似文献   

3.
IntroductionRecently,someinstallationswithspecialconstructionforextractingcontaminantgas,suchasanexhausttoweroftheundergroundtunnel,etc.weresetupinurbanandindustrialcomplexareas.Theeffectsoftheseconstructionsontheflowandtherebyonthelocaldispersionoft…  相似文献   

4.
IntroductionBeforethe 1 980sconventionaltreatmentprocessesofphenolswastewateraresolventextraction ,physicaladsorption ,chemicaloxidationandaerobicbiologicalprocess.Amongthebiologicalunitprocessesactivatedsludgeprocessismainone.Afterthe 1 980sanaerobicbiologic…  相似文献   

5.
IntroductionWatercontaminantsincludealargenumberofchemicalsrangingfromaromatichydrocarbons,organicsolvents,pesticidesandmetals.Heavymetalcontaminationiscommonlyfoundinareaswhereindustrialeffluentsaredischargedintonaturalwaters .Theharmfuleffectsofsuchm…  相似文献   

6.
IntroductionInaquaticecosystemsbiologicalcommunitiesareremarkablycomplexinboththeiroperationandresponsetoanthropogenicactivities.Thishasledmanyinvestigatorstoconductlaboratoryandfieldstudiesforevaluatingtheecologicalriskposedbyhumanstoecosystem(Cairns…  相似文献   

7.
1 IntroductionParticlesinnaturalwatersareoftentoosmalltobeeffectivelyremovedbytheseseparationtechniques.Theprocessofcoagulation/flocculationcausesfineparticlestoaggregateintolargerunits(flocs)whichcanbemoreeasilyseparated.Inwatertreatmentsaltsofalumi…  相似文献   

8.
IntroductionTheuseofwastewaterinagricultureisofsupremeimportanceinaridandsemi aridcountries.Insuchcountrieswaterisbecominganincreasinglyscareresourceandplannersareforcedtoconsideranysourceofwaterwhichmightbeusedeconomicallyandeffectivelytopromotefurth…  相似文献   

9.
IntroductionInrecentyears,moreandmoreevidencesshowthatgreenhousegasesemissionshavebeguntoinfluenceglobalclimate.Greenhouseeffectisoneofthemostrigorouschallengesnowadaysweface.Sincebothcauseandimpactofclimatechangeareglobal,thewholeworldshouldtakeacti…  相似文献   

10.
IntroductionThedeclineinoutputofsoilresourcesinrecentyearshasarousedgreaterinterestfromseveralcircles,includingenvironmentalists,policymakers,soilscientists ,andfarmers,suggestingtheneedforcontinuousevaluationofthepotentialenduranceofcurrentagricultural…  相似文献   

11.
IntroductionHeatwhichistransmittedthroughwalls ,eitherduringthedayorretainedbythewallsandtransmittedatnightbytheprocessesofconductionandradiationisoneofthefactorscausingdiscomfortininteriorspacesinthetropicalregion .Theeffectofthisheatcouldbeminimizedo…  相似文献   

12.
Aproblemwhichfrequentlyarisesinthestudyofkineticsisthehighdegreeofcouplingofthereactionsystem .Forexample ,inmanyrealisticchemicalprocesses,particularlythoserelatedtoatmosphericchemistry ,combustionphenomena,petrochemistry ,industrialprocess,thenumberofre…  相似文献   

13.
1 SomequestionsandanswersaboutcomplexityThefirstsentenceinanydiscussionaboutthescienceofcitiesusuallycontainstheword“complexity”.Oneofthemostobviousformsthistakesisthesheerphysicalandspatialcomplexityofthecityasanobject.Thereis,however,inmosturbanres…  相似文献   

14.
IntroductionTheprocessofmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)isoneofthemostseriousissuesintermsofenvironmentalprotection.ProcessingofMSWwithoutfurtherdisastrouscontaminationcanbeachievedonlyinmodernizedmeasures,suchasincineratingandenergygeneratingconcurrently(Shen…  相似文献   

15.
1 IntroductionChinaisundergoingsubstantialandrapidchangesinitssocietyanditseconomicpolicies.Amongvariousenvironmentalproblems,waterpollutionisoneofthemostcriticalissuesfacingChinatoday.Thesepollutantspoisonaquaticorganismsandaccumulateinfishandothere…  相似文献   

16.
1 IntroductionMercury(Hg)asaglobalpollutanthascausedconcernworldwidesincetheendof 1980s.Itisemittedtotheatmospherefrombothanthropogenicandnaturalsources.Importantsourceoftheformeristhedischargefrom productionanduseofHgaswellasthecombustionoffossilfuels(Nri…  相似文献   

17.
IntroductionFertilizationisessentialforagriculturalproduction ,butunreasonablyapplyingfertilizerscouldresultinseriesofproblemssuchascropqualitydecline,fertilizeruseefficiencydecrease,residualfertilizerspollution groundwaterandriversandnitrogencontented …  相似文献   

18.
IntroductionHealthhazardsfrommercuryintheenvironmenthavecausedrestrictionsintheuseofmercuryandastrictercontrolofthereleaseofmercuryfromindustrialandotheruses.Butatthesametimethesesourcesofmercuryhavebeensubjectedtoregulation ,twonewsourceshaveappeared …  相似文献   

19.
IntroductionThereisagrowingawarenesstotheimportanceofairpollutioninmajorcites.Anumberofstudieshaveshownthattheconcentrationsofcertaintraceelementsintheurbanatmospherehavebeenelevatedby pollution ,andtherefore ,thehighestconcentrationsofthesechemicalcont…  相似文献   

20.
New approaches to characterizing urban air particles in central London   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
1 IntroductionOnaninternationalscale,thenatureofurbanairpollutionhaschangedsignificantlyoverthelast50years.Inthe1950sand1960s,themostimportantenvironmentalhealthissuesstemmedfromtheoccurrenceofurbansmogs,anatmosphericcocktailcharacterizedbyhighconcen…  相似文献   

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