基于光漫反射的真空皮带脱水机滤布纠偏原理

介绍了湿法脱硫系统中真空皮带脱水机滤布的一种光漫反射纠偏装置,包括其主要部件如光漫反射传感器、电动推杆驱动装置、滤布控制滚轮等,重点阐述了光漫反射纠偏装置的工作原理及纠偏过程。光漫反射纠偏装置的主要原理是通过光漫反射传感器的输出信号来判断滤布的跑偏,根据光漫反射传感器的输出信号,DCS控制系统发送指令启动可伸缩的电动推杆装置来伸长和收缩推杆,从而控制滤布滚轮围绕着旋转点进行相应的倾斜调整,使滤布回到其中心位置。     

城市高架轨道交通沿线声场分布计算模型

根据波动声学和几何声学原理,将列车看作运动着的有限长线声源,建立了城市高架轨道交通沿线声场分布及其声屏障插入损失计算模型,模型中对声影区的声场分布采用惠更斯-菲涅耳原理进行推导计算,给出了理论计算公式.     

考虑雾的微物理特征条件下的水雾扩散数值模拟研究

由于雾滴谱的不易获得，传统的水雾扩散研究一般不考虑其滴谱特征，而将其雾滴粒径作为常数处理。为此，引入实测的雾滴谱资料，考虑水雾在流专程 的扩散，蒸发及相变潜热对流场的反馈机制，利用三维非线性PLB方程组，采用工程上实用的湍流[E-ε]闭合方案，建立了一个高分辨率的PBL模式来模拟不同层结下，水电站泄洪产生的水务的扩散及共对环境湿度的影响，模拟结果表明，引入雾滴谱后的水雾扩散范围和相对湿度改变范围与不考虑雾滴谱条件下的相比，与日俱增接近实测，符合甚好。     

A preliminary study on simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth

In the model developed in this paper, taking the characters and requirements of meteorological services into account, some conventional meteorological observations which are easy to be obtained have been ch.osen, and mathematical equations describing micro-growth processes of crops have been established on the basis of the field experiments, laboratorial analysis and computer's modelling tests with time interval of ten-days for several years (1987-1989), in accordance with the known biological and physical rules and corresponding reference literatures. It is a preliminary simplified simulation model of spring wheat growth in optimal water and nutrient conditions. The field experiments show that simulation results of this simplified model are satisfactory. The potential operational application and theoretical sense are significant in the meteorological forecast of yield and in the assessment of influences of climatic change on agriculture.     

地下水DNAPLs污染修复多相流模拟的替代模型

应用克里格法、支持向量回归法、核极限学习机法建立多相流模拟模型的替代模型,并应用集对分析法建立组合替代模型,通过将多种替代模型进行对比,分析不同替代模型在地下水DNAPLs污染修复多相流模拟问题中的适用性.结果表明,3种单一替代模型中,克里格模型的精度最高,其次是核极限学习机模型,最后是支持向量回归模型;应用集对分析原理建立集对权组合替代模型,与单一替代模型相比,其模拟模型的逼近精度更高,且提升效果十分显著,平均残差和平均相对误差分别为0.4009%和0.5373%;集对权组合替代模型运行一次仅需1.5s,选择组合替代模型代替多相流模拟模型进行地下水DNAPLs污染的修复方案优选分析,能够大幅减小模拟-优化过程的计算负荷,并保持较高的计算精度.     

用于流域水环境规划的计算机图形模拟

本文论述计算机图形技术用于复杂的流域水环境规划的优越性及可行性。介绍了国外有关动态及技术,并简要探讨了实现交互式图形模拟技术的条件,为在微机上实施流域水环境规划的图模拟技术做好了准备。     

基于WARMF模型的杭埠-丰乐河流域水文模拟研究

研究了WARMF模型在杭埠-丰乐河流域(巢湖流域最大支流)的水文模拟适应性能并进行了流域水文系统分析.利用AVSWAT2000模型将流域划分为37个子流域,利用流域地貌-土壤分布对应关系、土壤剖面结构、地下水位埋深等条件,确定了子流域的平面分组与剖面土层结构,较大程度上降低了流域模型参数校准的难度与不确定性.利用2000～2003年的水文观测数据,在参数灵敏度分析基础上,对模型水文参数进行了校准与检验.结果表明,WARMF在研究区具有较好的适应性能.WARMF模型与AVSWAT2000模型的水文模拟结果对比表明,WARMF模型具有更好的日拟合性能.基于模型的模拟结果,在空间尺度上定量分析了流域从降水开始到入湖的水循环过程,在时间尺度上分析了年内降雨、径流的分布及其对应关系.流域概化、模型的校准与检验以及流域水文时空变化的系统分析方法等对流域水文、环境的模拟研究与系统分析具有探索意义.     

南京市水环境-大气环境-经济系统优化及仿真模型

将通常的污染控制问题加以推广,把水环境、大气环境、工业经济和污染控制作为一个有机整体,研究南京市环境－经济系统优化及仿真数学模型,从而为这种多目标和多变量决策问题提供了有效的定量分析工具;对其它区域的类似问题亦有参考价值。关键词     

Caps and gaps: a computer model for studies on brood incubation strategies in honeybees (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera carnica</Emphasis>)

In addition to heat production on the comb surface, honeybee workers frequently visit open cells (“gaps”) that are scattered throughout the sealed brood area, and enter them to incubate adjacent brood cells. We examined the efficiency of this heating strategy under different environmental conditions and for gap proportions from 0 to 50%. For gap proportions from 4 to 10%, which are common to healthy colonies, we find a significant reduction in the incubation time per brood cell to maintain the correct temperature. The savings make up 18 to 37% of the time, which would be required for this task in completely sealed brood areas without any gaps. For unnatural high proportions of gaps (>20%), which may be the result of inbreeding or indicate a poor condition of the colony, brood nest thermoregulation becomes less efficient, and the incubation time per brood cell has to increase to maintain breeding temperature. Although the presence of gaps is not essential to maintain an optimal brood nest temperature, a small number of gaps make heating more economical by reducing the time and energy that must be spent on this vital task. As the benefit depends on the availability, spatial distribution and usage of gaps by the bees, further studies need to show the extent to which these results apply to real colonies. M. Fehler and M. Kleinhenz contributed equally to this work.     

核电厂野外示踪试验的三维数值模拟研究

为深入分析国内某拟选滨海核电厂址的大气扩散特征,在现场野外示踪试验的基础上,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluidyn-PANACHE,结合三维GIS、结构化贴体网格构建、区域加密等技术方法,创建了可模拟野外示踪试验的精细化大气扩散模拟系统.相比于高斯模式,CFD模式能够更好地模拟示踪剂在不同下风距离处的峰值浓度和烟羽宽度,对近场及复杂下垫面条件下的扩散模拟更贴合实际,且可在稳态模拟的基础上获得连续变化风场中接近实时模拟的仿真效果.模拟结果的偏差统计分析表明,CFD稳态模拟和高斯模拟的统计学评价指标均位于国际公认的可接受范围内,CFD模拟的随机偏差优于高斯模拟.因此,CFD模式可用于辅助和优化其他核电厂址的野外示踪试验工作,提高我国核安全审评的效率和针对性.     

宁波-舟山海域环境容量研究I. 三维潮流数值模拟

基于美国普林斯顿大学的河口、陆架和海洋模式（ECOM）,引入干湿网格法变动边界处理技术,将模型应用于宁波-舟山海域,建立此海域的三维潮流模型。计算结果与实测值符合良好,较好的刻画出此海域分潮的潮流场时空分布特点。     

细胞自动机模拟活性污泥法污水处理过程

从活性污泥法污水处理过程的微观机理出发,建立了污水处理过程的二维细胞自动机模型,并进行仿真实验.结果表明：建立的细胞自动机模型能够实现污水处理过程的动态可视化,复现出了污水中有机物被吸附、降解及微生物生长、繁殖和衰亡的过程;仿真中还讨论了污泥颗粒粒径、有机物分子半径、温度和污泥浓度等因素对模拟结果的影响,因素灵敏度分析...     

应用三维粒子轨迹跟踪模型模拟香溪河水藻增殖过程

三峡工程建成后将改变库区的水动力条件,会对库区及支流的水生态环境产生重要影响.因此,本文应用三维非结构海洋动力学模型ELcirc,以及考虑营养物质浓度、水温、水下光照强度和流速等因素影响水藻增殖的粒子轨迹跟踪模型模拟三峡库区支流香溪河的水流及水藻颗粒的输移.同时,采用室内弯道水槽试验资料对模型进行了验证,计算结果表明,验证后的模型可以较为精确地模拟弯道水流运动特性和弯道水流中的物质输移现象.采用验证后的模型研究了2007年9—10月三峡水库蓄水期香溪库湾的水流及藻类颗粒物质输移,结果表明,长江干流水体倒灌入香溪库湾产生回流,藻类颗粒向上游运动,考虑水藻生长过程的三维粒子轨迹跟踪模型可以较好地模拟水藻颗粒的垂向分布及水藻生长的水华过程.     

水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统泥水同步降解耦合建模及大规模现场校验研究

选取以霍夫水丝蚓(L.hoffmeisteri)为主的水蚯蚓作为研究对象,考察了环境因子中水温(T)和底物氨氮(NH4+-N)对水蚯蚓比生长速率的影响.结果表明,在20～ 30℃的试验水温范围,水蚯蚓在25℃时的比生长速率高于其他水温条件,试验得到水蚯蚓水温影响常数θAW=0.05,水蚯蚓氨氮饱和常数KNH4,AW =41.3 mg·L-1.以水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统生物场-水力场耦合模型(T-FCASM-Hydro)为基础,从环境因子中水温和底物氨氮对水蚯蚓生长影响的角度改进T-FCASM-Hydro模型,建立了T-FCASM-Hydro-Temp模型,并利用浙江省诸暨市某污水处理厂的现场水质数据完成模型的校核验证工作.结果表明,与T-FCASM-Hydro模型相比,T-FCASM-Hydro-Temp模型更能准确模拟出系统中水蚯蚓的生物量,并且出水水质参数也更贴近实测值,系统稳定运行后水蚯蚓生物量维持在2000 mg·L-1左右.     

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements validated by simulation chamber instrumentation

A tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) for formaldehyde atmospheric measurements has been set up and validated through comparison experiments with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) in a simulation chamber. Formaldehyde was generated in situ in the chamber from reaction of ethene with ozone. Three HCHO ro-vibrational line intensities (at 2909.71, 2912.09 and 2914.46 cm^-1) possibly used by TDLAS were calibrated by FT-IR spectra simultaneously recorded in the 1600-3200 cm^-1 domain during ethene ozonolysis, enabling the on-line deduction of the varying concentration for HCHO in formation. The experimental line intensities values inferred confirmed the calculated ones from the updated HITRAN database. In addition, the feasibility of stratospheric in situ HCHO measurements using the 2912.09 cm^-1 line was demonstrated. The TDLAS performances were also assessed, leading to a 2σ detection limit of 88 ppt in volume mixing ratio with a response time of 60 sec at 30 Torr and 294 K for 112 m optical path. As part of this work, the room-temperature rate constant of this reaction and the HCHO formation yield were found to be in excellent agreement with the compiled literature data.     

Feasibility and simulation model of a pilot scale membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and reuse from Chinese traditional medicine

The lack and pollution of water resource make wastewater reuse necessary. The pilot scale long-term tests for submerged membrane bioreactor were conducted to treat the effluents of anaerobic or aerobic treatment process for the high-strength Chinese traditional medicine wastewater. This article was focused on the feasibility of the wastewater treatment and reuse at shorter hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 5.0, 3.2 and 2.13 h. MLSS growth, membrane flux, vacuum values and chemical cleaning periods were also investigated. The experimental results of treating two-phase anaerobic treatment effluent demonstrated that the CODfilt was less than 100 mg/L when the influent COD was between 500-10000 mg/L at HRT of 5.0 h, which could satisfy the normal discharged standard in China. The experimental results to treat cross flow aerobic reactor effluent demonstrated that the average value of CODfilt was 17.28 mg/L when the average value of influent COD was 192.84 mg/L at HRT of 2.13 h during 106 d, which could completely meet the normal standard for water reuse. The maximum MLSS and MLVSS reached 24000 and 14500 mg/L at HRT of 3.2 h respectively. Membrane flux had maximal resume degrees of 94.7% at vacuum value of 0.02 MPa after cleaning. Chemical cleaning periods of membrane module were 150 d. A simulation model of operational parameters was also established based on the theory of back propagation neural network and linear regression of traditional mathematical model. The simulation model showed that the optimum operational parameters were suggested as follows： HRT was 5.0 h, SRT was 100 d, the range of COD loading rate was between 10.664-20.451 kg/（m3.d）, the range of MLSS was between 7543-13694 mg/L.     

基于参数不确定性的地下水污染治理多目标管理模型

引入随机Pareto控制排序和随机小生境技术,提出基于参数随机变化的改进小生境Pareto遗传算法,用于求解不确定性条件下地下水污染治理多目标管理模型.同时,利用顺序高斯条件模拟的蒙特卡罗方法,结合不确定性分析和风险评估,分析不同渗透系数条件点数对污染物运移结果不确定性和污染风险评价的影响.最后将该方法应用于一个考虑渗透系数为随机变量的二维地下水污染修复算例中.结果分析表明,该方法可为地下水污染治理提供变异性较小的Pareto管理策略,是一种稳定可靠的多目标随机优化方法.     

深海溢油输移扩散模型研究

在对深海中泄漏的油气混合物在海洋环境中的输运过程及行为变化的分析基础上,建立三维深海溢油输移扩散模型。该模型采用拉格朗日积分法模拟溢油在近区的水下浮射扩散过程,应用粒子追踪法模拟油滴在水下远区的对流扩散以及油膜在海面的漂移扩散过程,并考虑了油气分离输移、气体溶解、天然气水合物形成与分解等复杂行为对溢油运动轨迹的影响。应用该模型数值模拟了两个大型深海溢油现场试验,结果显示溢油在水下环境中的时空分布模拟结果与现场监测数据符合较好,表明该模型具有较高的准确性和实用性,能够为深海溢油的防治管理提供理论与技术支持。