蜂窝夹层结构及其在直升机噪声控制上的应用

介绍了传统蜂窝夹层结构,它是由蜂窝芯材耦合面板/薄膜组合而成,具有优异的降噪特性。为进一步提升蜂窝夹层结构的降噪性能,结合多孔吸声原理及“吸/隔声结构功能一体化”概念,将多孔吸声材料填充至蜂窝芯中,形成了基于多孔吸声的蜂窝夹层结构,但中、低频降噪性能较差。结合微穿孔板、亥姆霍兹共振理论,开发了基于共振吸声的单自由度蜂窝夹层结构,由蜂窝芯材耦合穿孔面板/薄膜组合而成,提升了中、低频降噪特性,但是依旧存在降噪频带过窄的问题,只能在某段特定频率范围内表现出良好的降噪特性。为此,研发了基于共振吸声的多自由度蜂窝夹层结构,利用各层穿孔面板/薄膜和蜂窝结构特性,实现了不同频率噪声控制。最后总结了蜂窝夹层结构在国内外直升机被动噪声控制上的应用情况,展望了新型蜂窝夹层结构的发展趋势。     

水暖厂锅炉鼓、引风机噪声控制措施

锅炉鼓风机噪声控制有许多方法，真正达到效果不十分理想，如何把噪声控制措施进步完善，结合水暖厂锅炉房鼓，引风机治理实践，探索出锅炉鼓风机噪声控制的条件和有效的措施。     

环评工作中常见噪声源的噪声控制措施

在环评工作中,会遇到各种各样的噪声源,即使同一种噪声源,在不同的项目中工况和环境条件也不尽相同。因此,在确定噪声控制对策时需要具体问题具体分析。本文分析了风机、空压机、水泵、粉碎机械、冷却塔等通用机械的噪声特性并提出了噪声控制的一般方法;说明了高等级公路交通噪声控制的措施,还对环境影响报告书中常见噪声控制对策进行了评述。     

钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制中的应用

为了将钢铁噪声管理信息系统应用到噪声控制中,从噪声控制工作的现场测试、控制方案的选定、降噪效果的鉴定和评价等阶段分析钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声治理工作中的应用,并给出应用实例。使用表明:钢铁噪声管理信息系统在噪声控制工作中具有指导作用。钢铁噪声管理信息系统是辅助钢铁企业噪声治理工作的有力工具。     

重庆噪声控制训练班正在招收学员

为了培训适应城市噪声控制、工厂噪声治理等多方面需要的基本技术骨干,重庆建筑工程学院和重庆市环境科学学会联合举办的噪声控制短期训练班已准备就绪,正在招收学员中。该训练班学习期限为三个月,九周理论学习,五周现场实测。学习内容包括:1.噪声控制基本理论;2.噪声评价标准;3.吸声材料;4.隔声理论及隔声材料;5.室内噪声控制;6.环境及交通噪声控制;7.消声器原理及噪声处理措施;8.声学实验设备及设置;9.声级计的使用及维护;10.噪声实测技术及实测。培养对象是:实际具备高中毕业以上文化程度,从     

噪声、振动及其控制

X593 200403327 管道有源消声次源声反馈问题研究与实验分析/ 杨国林…(海军工程大学振动与噪声研究所)//噪声与振动控制/上海交通大学振动冲击噪声研究所.-2004,24(2).-28-30 环图X-77 有源消声是一种有效的低频噪声控制方法。而次源声反馈问题一直是影响管道有源消声系统的关键问题之一。从传递函数的角度分析了管道有源消声的次源声反馈问题,并提出了解决上述问题的方法。通过实验验证,此方法效果良好。图5参3     

球磨机噪声控制的实验研究

本文对球磨机噪声进行了测试分析，对现有的噪声控制方法进行了评估。在此基础上，提出了以砂作为阻尼吸声材料，集缓冲，阻尼，吸声，隔声于一体的噪声控制方法。     

运用“声景学”控制城市环境噪声的新思路

通过对城市环境噪声控制目的的反思,提出将声景学引入城市环境噪声控制。论述了声景学与噪声控制的关系,并从声景观的创造性、关联性、社会性三个方面提出噪声控制的新思路,给城市环境噪声控制的研究提供了崭新的研究方法。     

高速铁路噪声污染及其防治

噪声污染是高速铁路的主要环境问题之一，通过对高速铁路噪声声源和噪声水平的分析以及日本、欧洲国家有关高速铁路噪声控制标准和法规的实践，提出了高速铁路的声源控制，传播途径及管理等３方面的噪声控制措施。     

110千伏变电站常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究

阐述了110千伏变电站噪声环境影响的现状,全面列举了变电站的主要噪声源并分析其分布规律及噪声影响特点.针对各类声源的特点,结合变电站设计、施工、运行维护三个主要阶段,全过程分析了常用的变电站噪声控制方案及其效果,重点关注了有源消声技术的应用和排风扇噪声影响的问题.对常用噪声控制方案的分析与研究,旨在寻求最经济、最有效的110千伏变电站噪声控制方案.     

Voluntary approaches in protection of forests in Austria

Voluntary contributions to biodiversity conservation efforts in private forests of Austria have a long tradition which dates back to the 19th century. The most important remnants of undisturbed forests of the Alps today owe their existence to these voluntary initiatives by forest owners. In this earlier period the protection of forest areas by decree or biodiversity conservation initiatives on public owned forests, did not play such a prominent role. But as well as national parks, Natura 2000 areas and other programmes based on protection by decree, significant new voluntary approaches have emerged recently. The Austrian Forest Reserves Programme started in 1995, as a specific approach to voluntary participation in biodiversity conservation by private landowners is discussed in detail. This programme is based on the concept of nature conservation by contracts under private law, agreed between the forest owners and the Republic of Austria. The main characteristics of the programme are presented and experiences gained during the establishment and the maintenance of the network are discussed. Other voluntary initiatives, such as an Austrian network of gene conservation forests, as well as an initiative of a forest owner’s association, are also presented and discussed.     

土壤中胡敏酸提取方法的优化

以国际腐殖质协会(IHSS)推荐的胡敏酸提取方法为基础,以去有机质土壤中添加胡敏酸所配制的土壤为研究对象,引入超声作为胡敏酸提取的辅助条件,采用批次试验优化了土壤中胡敏酸的提取方法。结果表明,基于胡敏酸提取回收率和精密度,在室温下获得的优化提取方法为:液土比为8:1、提取次数为3次、Na OH溶液浓度为0.05 mol/L、超声功率为120 W、超声时间为30 min;在此优化条件下,胡敏酸的回收率为94.73%±1.50%,显著大于IHSS推荐方法的回收率64.76%±0.28%,变异系数CV为1.59%、小于10%。相对于IHSS提取法,此优化提取法具有胡敏酸提取回收率高、资源节约、胡敏酸变性小、提取时间短等优点。     

Determinants of eco-efficiency in the Chinese industrial sector

This study measures productive inefficiency within the context of multi-environmental pollution (eco-efficiency) in the Chinese industrial sector. The weighted Russell directional distance model is applied to measure eco-efficiency using production technology. The objective is to clarify how external factors affect eco-efficiency. The major findings are that both foreign direct investment and investment for pollution abatement improve eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutant substances. A levy system for wastewater discharge improves eco-efficiency as measured by wastewater pollutant substances. However, an air pollutant levy does not significantly affect eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutants.     

Determinants of eco-efficiency in the Chinese industrial sector

This study measures productive inefficiency within the context of multi-environmental pollution (eco-efficiency) in the Chinese industrial sector. The weighted Russell directional distance model is applied to measure eco-efficiency using production technology. The objective is to clarify how external factors affect eco-efficiency. The major findings are that both foreign direct investment and investment for pollution abatement improve eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutant substances. A levy system for wastewater discharge improves eco-efficiency as measured by wastewater pollutant substances. However, an air pollutant levy does not significantly affect eco-efficiency as measured by air pollutants.     

北京河流水污染现状分析研究

通过总结近年来北京河流中氮磷、有机质和重金属等方面的研究成果,结果表明北运河水系各河段水质均较差,劣Ⅴ类水质的河流长度超过80％,城市河流污染特征明显,主要污染指标为耗氧型有机污染物和氨氮,重金属污染较轻,悬浮物中的重金属占较大的比重;永定河水系枯水期氮污染较重,主要是硝态氮超标,以颗粒态磷为主要形式的磷污染较轻,重金属含量大都低于地表水Ⅲ类标准;潮白河水系水质较好,各水质指标除个别断面外大都满足中Ⅲ类水标准,重金属含量大都符合Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水标准。     

Nitrogen sink in a small forested watershed of subtropical China

Global nitrogen (N) emission and deposition have been increased rapidly due to massive mobilization of N which may have longreaching impacts on ecosystems. Many agricultural and forest ecosystems have been identified as secondary N sources. In the present study, the input-output budget of inorganic N in a small forested watershed of subtropical China was investigated. Inorganic N wet deposition and discharge by stream water were monitored from March, 2007 to February, 2009. The concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in wet precipitation and stream water and net retention of N were calculated. Global N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and N output by denitrification for forested watersheds elsewhere were reported as references to evaluate whether the studied forested watershed is a source or a sink for N. The results show that the inorganic N output by the stream water is mainly caused by NO3??-N even though the input is dominated by NH4 +-N. The mean flux of inorganic N input by wet precipitation and output by stream water is 1.672 and 0.537 g N/(m2 yr), respectively, which indicates that most of inorganic N input is retained in the forested watershed. Net retention of inorganic N reaches 1.135 g N/(m2 yr) considering wet precipitation as the main input and stream water as the main output. If N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and output by denitrification are taken into account, this subtropical forested watershed currently acts as a considerable sink for N, with a net sink ranging from 1.309 to 1.913 g N/(m2 yr) which may enhance carbon sequestration of the terrestrial ecosystem.     

改性凹凸棒土吸附处理PAM废水研究

以丙烯酰胺(PAM)为目标污染物,研究了改性凹凸棒土对PAM的吸附性能、吸附过程的影响因素以及吸附完成后的再生问题。研究表明,250mg/L的PAM溶液振荡吸附1h后,酸改性凹凸棒土的吸附效率高于提纯和热改性凹凸棒土,达90.08%。在250mg/L的PAM溶液投加酸改性凹凸棒土进行振荡吸附试验,吸附时间为45min,试验结果表明,酸改性凹凸棒土的最佳投加量为1g/L;吸附过程最佳pH范围是4～6;吸附过程为放热过程。以5%、10%和15%的氢氧化钠溶液作为脱附剂进行再生试验,随着氢氧化钠溶液浓度的提高,再生效率逐渐提高。但是,再生效率提高的幅度减小,浓度为10%和15%的氢氧化钠溶液的再生效率差别不大。以10%的氢氧化钠溶液作为脱附剂时,最经济的再生次数为5次。     

安徽宿州市沱河底泥中重金属元素地球化学特征

在系统采集宿州市沱河表层沉积物的基础上,对其重金属元素含量进行了XRF测试。结果表明：宿州市沱河沉积物中重金属元素的含量较高,Pb、As、Cr、Cu、Zn平均含量分别为40.8μg/g、14.6μg/g、58.8μg/g、52.2μg/g、143.3μg/g。富集因子和地积累指数法对重金属污染程度的评价表明,Cr无污染...     

生物表面活性剂的优化生产及发展前景

生物表面活性剂(Bio-surfactant)是由微生物产生的具有高表面活性的生物分子。由于其对生态系统无毒害作用,且可生物降解,因此,在提高原油产收率和环境污染治理等各方面得到了广泛应用。然而能否大幅度提高生物表面活性剂发酵产量是其能否实现商业化的一个首要问题。为此文章纵观了目前提高产量的研究重点,并对应用诱变育种和构建基因工程菌手段提高产量的发展前景作了展望。     

柳州市空气可吸入颗粒物中重金属污染特征分析

用TEOM 1405大气颗粒物监测仪于2011年2—6月在柳州市3个空气质量监测点进行了PM10的监测,样品用AAS进行重金属元素分析,得到了空气PM10中的重金属元素的浓度。研究结果表明,九中点位污染最大,市监测站次之,三门江相对较好。