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1.
The competition between submersed plants has been recognized as an important factor influencing the structure of plant communities
in shallow lakes. The ability of different species to take up and store nutrients from the surrounding ambience varies, and hence plant
community structure might be expected to affect the cycling of nutrients in lake ecosystems. In this study, the uptake of phosphorus
by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans was studied and compared in monoculture and competitive mixed-culture plantings.
Results showed that for both studied species the phosphorus concentrations of different tissues and of whole plants was unaffected by
competition. However, the quantity of phosphorus accumulated by whole plants of H. verticillata was significantly higher in mixture
culture than in monoculture, while that of V. natans was lower in the mixed culture. The results indicated that H. verticillata has a
competitive advantage over V. natans, when the two species are grown in competition, and is able to accumulate a greater quantity of
phosphorus. 相似文献
2.
XU Qiu-jin NIAN Yue-gang JIN Xiang-can YAN Chang-zhou LIU Jin Jiang Gao-ming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):217-221
Effects of chitosan on a submersed plant, Hydrilla verticillata, were investigated. Results indicated that H. venicillata could prevent ultrastructure phytotoxicities and oxidativereaction from polluted water with high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in H. verticillata treated with 0.1% chitosan in wastewater increased with high COD (980 mg/L) and decreased with low COD (63 mg/L), respectively. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the stroma and grana of chloroplast basically remained normal. However, plant cells from the control experiment (untreated with chitosan) were vacuolated and the cell interval increased. The relict of protoplast moved to the center, with cells tending to disjoint. Our findings indicate that wastewater with high COD concentration can cause a substantial damage to submersed plant, nevertheless, chitosan probably could alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidization and ultrastructure phytotoxicities, and protect plant cells from stress of high COD concentration polluted water. 相似文献
3.
研究了以磷酸二氢钾、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、甘油磷酸钠、三磷酸腺苷钠(ATP-Na)为磷源的Hoagkand培养液培养黑藻(Hydrillaverticillata)时,上覆水中磷浓度、碱性磷酸酶活力、氧化还原电位(Eh)和黑藻体内磷含量的变化.结果表明,黑藻对各试验组上覆水中总磷影响差异不大,但对活性磷影响差异较大.各磷化合物转化为活性磷的速率顺序为磷酸二氢钾>ATP-Na>甘油磷酸钠>焦磷酸钠>六偏磷酸钠.上覆水及间隙水中聚合有机磷酸盐和聚合无机磷酸盐浓度是碱性磷酸酶活力的重要影响因子.不同磷化合物对上覆水Eh值有重要影响.黑藻对各种磷化合物均能吸收,吸收速率大小为ATP-Na>磷酸二氢钾>焦磷酸钠>甘油磷酸钠>六偏磷酸钠. 相似文献
4.
沉水植物黑藻腐解对微囊藻休眠体复苏的影响 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
模拟沉水植物黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)生物量(以湿质量计)分别为0、10、25和50 g时,在17℃下腐解过程中对微囊藻(Microcystis)休眠体复苏的影响,并通过测定沉积物和上覆水的理化指标,探究腐解过程中环境因素的变化及其对微囊藻复苏的影响.为期84 d的腐解试验结果显示,沉水植物黑藻的腐解对微囊藻休眠体复苏具有抑制作用,且黑藻生物量越高抑制作用越强.另外,水体及沉积物中的TN、TP和总有机物含量,沉积物表面的光照强度及pH均随黑藻的腐解时间及黑藻生物量的不同而变化.黑藻的腐解会使沉积物中w(TN)升高;与无黑藻组相比,黑藻生物量越多释放到上覆水中的TN越多,但由于沉积物的吸附及微生物的作用,各试验组中上覆水ρ(TN)呈逐渐下降趋势;黑藻的腐解引起沉积物w(TP)显著升高,并在短时间内造成上覆水中ρ(TP)增加,64 d后复原到初始水平;沉积物及水体中的总有机物含量呈先升后降的趋势,在腐解后期水体中ρ(TOC)基本恢复到初始水平.在腐解过程中抑制微囊藻复苏生长的因素可能包括ρ(TP)的升高及光照强度和pH降低. 相似文献
5.
By the year 2050, the population of the United States is expected to reach over 418 million,while the global population will reach 9.6 billion. To provide safe food and fiber, agriculture must balance pesticide usage against impacts on natural resources. Challenges arise when storms cause runoff to be transported to aquatic receiving systems. Vegetated systems such as drainage ditches and constructed wetlands have been proposed as management practices to alleviate pesticide runoff. Twelve experimental mesocosms(1.3 × 0.71 × 0.61 m) were filled with sediment and planted with a monoculture of one of three wetland plant species(Typha latifolia, Leersia oryzoides, and Sparganium americanum).Three mesocosms remained unvegetated to serve as controls. All mesocosms were amended with 9.2 ± 0.8 μg/L, 12 ± 0.4 μg/L, and 3.1 ± 0.2 μg/L of atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon, respectively, over a 4 hr hydraulic retention time to simulate storm runoff.Following the 4 hr amendment, non-amended water was flushed through mesocosms for an additional 4 hr. Outflow water samples were taken hourly from pre-amendment through8 hr, and again at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr post-amendment. L. oryzoides and T. latifolia had mean atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon retentions from 51%–55% for the first 4 hr of the experiment. Aside from S. americanum and atrazine(25% retention), unvegetated controls had the lowest pesticide retention(17%–28%) of all compared mesocosms. While native aquatic vegetation shows promise for mitigation of pesticide runoff, further studies increasing the hydraulic retention time for improved efficiency should be examined. 相似文献
6.
丝状绿藻腐烂过程对水质和沉水植物黑藻生长的影响实验研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
从野外采集沉水植物黑藻种植于120L的塑料桶内,然后采集丝状绿藻放在培养黑藻的桶内.设种植黑藻而不放入丝状绿藻的桶为对照.由于夏季高温和强光,丝状绿藻在数天内会逐渐腐烂.研究发现,在丝状绿藻腐烂过程中,水体的溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水下光强度与水面光强度的比值均比对照组大大降低,尤其是溶解氧,有时甚至下降为零.而水体的温度、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)在丝状绿藻腐烂过程中则上升,后3个指标大大高于对照.有丝状绿藻处理的试验组,随着丝状绿藻的腐烂,沉水植物黑藻亦慢慢腐烂,最后消失.而对照组黑藻生长良好,生物量大大上升.因此,我们认为,丝状绿藻腐烂过程中引起的水质指标变化,尤其是降低溶解氧、降低水下光照强度、降低pH和使水体温度上升是沉水植物黑藻死亡的主要原因.这种现象在进行沉水植被恢复过程中值得注意,并应寻找对策. 相似文献
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8.
Phytoremediation of engineered nanoparticles using aquatic plants: Mechanisms and practical feasibility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Certain plants have demonstrated the capability to take up and accumulate metals, thus offering the potential to remediate metal-contaminated water and sediment. Several aquatic species have further been identified which can take up metal and metal oxide engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). It is important to evaluate if aquatic plants exhibiting potential for metal phytoremediation can be applied to remediation of metallic ENPs. Understanding the interactions between ENPs and aquatic plants, and evaluating possible influences on metal uptake and phytoremediation processes is therefore essential. This review article will address the feasibility of green plants for treatment of ENP-affected aquatic ecosystems. Discussion will include common types of ENPs in current use; transformations of ENPs in aquatic systems; the importance of microorganisms in supporting plant growth; ENP entry into the plant; the influence of microorganisms in promoting plant uptake; and recent findings in phytoremediation of ENP-affected water, including applications to constructed wetlands. 相似文献
9.
纳米材料因其较大的比表面积以及较强的反应活性,对砷(As)的环境行为具有一定的调控作用,而这可能对微藻As吸收代谢产生潜在的影响。以模式生物莱茵衣藻(
10.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the e ects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (from contaminated or uncontaminated
soils) on arsenic (As) uptake of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in As-contaminated soil. Mycorrhizal colonization rate, dry weight,
As and P uptake by plants, concentrations of water-extractable As and As fractions were determined. A low mycorrhizal colonization
rate (< 25%) was detected. Our research indicated that AM fungi isolated from polluted soils were no more e ective than those from
unpolluted soils when grown in symbiosis with tobacco. No significant di erences were observed in roots and stalks dry weights among
all treatments. Leaves and total plant dry weights were much higher in Glomus versiforme treatment than that in control treatment. As
contents in roots and stalks from mycorrhizal treatments were much lower than that from control treatment. Total plant As content
exhibited the same trend. P concentrations in tobacco were not a ected by colonization, nor were stalks, leaves and total plant P
contents. Roots P contents were remarkably lower in HN treatments than in other treatments. Meanwhile, decreased soil pH and lower
water-extractable As concentrations and higher levels of As fraction bound to well-crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al were found
in mycorrhizal treatments than in controls. The protective e ect of mycorrhiza against plant As uptake may be associated with changes
in As solubility mediated by changing soil pH. These results indicated that under As stress, proper mechanisms employed by AM fungi
can protect tobacco against As uptake. Results confirmed that AM fungi can play an important role in food quality and safety. 相似文献
11.
不同形态的砷水生生物基准探讨及在辽河流域的初步应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
有毒元素砷在我国各流域分布广泛,主要包括三价和五价两种价态,其毒性差别很大,目前我国缺乏本土的砷水质基准研究,而国外的砷水质基准多以总砷表示,科学性有待商榷.因此,本文分别搜集了三价砷、五价砷和总砷对我国本土水生生物的毒性数据,共获得三价砷12属12种,五价砷18种23属,以及总砷25属29种的合格数据.利用美国环保局推荐的物种敏感度排序法,通过数据分析得出,三价砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为84.26μg·L-1和56.55μg·L-1,五价砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为1171μg·L-1和633.3μg·L-1,总砷的急性和慢性基准阈值分别为264.4μg·L-1和150.7μg·L-1;总砷的基准阈值与美国现行砷基准值相当,而五价砷基准阈值与三价砷基准阈值体现出数量级的差异,因此,需要分价态考虑砷基准的制定.基于推算的砷基准阈值,用商值法评价了辽河流域枯水期总砷暴露的生态风险.检测结果表明,辽河的总砷暴露浓度范围在2.6~82.4μg·L-1之间,全部位点均无风险,但西辽河段上游支流两点位的砷浓度分别超出三价砷慢性基准阈值的1.20和1.45倍,表明可能存在潜在的砷暴露风险. 相似文献
12.
铜、砷单一及复合污染对黑藻的毒性效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过室内模拟试验,研究了铜(Cu)、五价砷〔As(Ⅴ)〕单一及复合污染对黑藻〔Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle〕生长、富集Cu和As的能力以及对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.毒性测试结果表明,Cu和As(Ⅴ)对黑藻的4 d-EC50分别为2和12 μmol/L,单一Cu对黑藻的毒性远高于As(Ⅴ). 复合污染试验结果表明,对于5 μmol/L As(Ⅴ)处理组,低浓度Cu〔c(Cu)<2 μmol/L〕的加入,促进了植物生长,降低了植物体内的As总量〔w(As)〕,同时降低了植物体中占主要部分的三价砷的含量(w〔As(Ⅲ)〕). 对于Cu处理组,As(Ⅴ)的加入同样抑制了黑藻对Cu的富集,SOD活性也高于单一Cu处理,可见在低浓度Cu处理下,Cu和As(Ⅴ)之间存在拮抗作用;而高浓度Cu〔c(Cu)≥2 μmol/L〕的加入,虽然植物对Cu和As(Ⅴ)的富集与单一Cu和As(Ⅴ)处理相比均显著降低,但植物生长受到抑制,SOD活性与单一处理相比也显著降低(P<0.05),因此高浓度Cu处理下,二者对黑藻毒性起协同作用. 总之,黑藻具有应用于处理低浓度Cu和As(Ⅴ)单一及复合污染水体的潜力. 相似文献
13.
环境因素对纳米二氧化钛颗粒在水体中沉降性能的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
纳米二氧化钛进入水体环境后,其存在形态可能受离子强度、pH和溶解性有机质的影响,进而影响其生态风险.因此,本文考察了纳米二氧化钛颗粒在不同环境条件下的沉降性能.结果显示,纳米二氧化钛在水体中聚集程度与体系的pH值有关,pH值偏离颗粒的等电点时,颗粒的表面电位越高,越不容易聚集;水体离子强度的增加可促进纳米颗粒聚集,而水体中广泛存在的溶解性有机质可使纳米二氧化钛颗粒在水中的稳定性增强,这与颗粒表面的扩散双电层和空间位阻的变化有关.通过对不同来源溶解性有机质的结构进行分析发现,溶解性有机质中所含的芳香性结构对颗粒稳定性的影响大于脂肪烃结构.纳米二氧化钛颗粒可在自然水体中迁移,不易沉降,因此,其对水生生态系统的影响不容忽视. 相似文献
14.
JunKang Guo Xin Lv HongLei Ji Li Hu XinHao Ren Haris Muhamma Ting Wei Yongzhen Ding 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(2):361-369
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil. However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Burkholderia sp. D54 or Burkholderia sp. D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively. The soil respiration and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin (PC) contents were increased by EDTA application. Interestingly, Burkholderia sp. D54 and Burkholderia sp. D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration. Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S. alfredii plants. Furthermore, EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S. alfredii (p < 0.05); among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%, respectively. These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S. alfredii. 相似文献
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16.
研究了在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和多聚磷酸钠(STPP)及其复合胁迫下,黑藻过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化及其耐受浓度.结果表明,POD活性随着处理浓度的增加而逐渐增大;CAT在低浓度胁迫时活性逐渐增加,在较高浓度胁迫时活性降低;实验初期(6h时),SOD活性逐渐升高,随着SDBS处理浓度的提高及时间延长,SOD活性下降,并且在8mg/L浓度处理72h,SOD失活.SDBS对黑藻SOD的抑制作用大于STPP.黑藻对SDBS的耐受浓度(8mg/L)明显小于STPP的耐受浓度(256mg/L).黑藻对SDBS和STPP复合胁迫的耐受浓度值为(32+64)mg/L. 相似文献
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18.
水培蔬菜法对富营养化水体中氮磷的去除特性研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
利用水培蔬菜法净化富营养化河水,考察了不同形态的氮磷在处理前后的变化,在此基础上阐明水培法去除富营养化水体中氮磷的过程与机理。 相似文献