高速公路交通噪声经验预测模式探讨

通过对浙江省内各高速公路交通噪声实测数据的分析,总结和探讨较为简便的高速公路交通噪声经验预测模式,主要讨论车流量、受声点离公路距离和噪声等效声级的相关性,为高速公路交通噪声环境影响预测与评价提供参考。     

平原高速公路交通噪声对两侧敏感区域影响的探讨

针对目前平原高速公路交通噪声影响两侧敏感区域的状况,环评预测结果偏差过大的问题,应用声学传播理论,对交通噪声的衰减结果进行计算,并用实测数据进行验证。其结果对平原高速公路交通噪声的管理与治理提供相应的参考。     

应用GIS技术研究车流量与交通噪声相关性

对无锡建成区交通噪声等效声级(L_eq)与车流量进行监测,应用GIS技术分析交通噪声与车流量的空间分布,为交通噪声污染防治工作提供科学参考。结果表明:噪声L_eq峰值及车流量峰值均集中在高速公路出入口必经路段,此区域为噪声污染防治重点区域。同时发现,噪声L_eq与车流量在空间分布上并非成正比关系,在时间趋势上车流量上升但噪声值下降,说明在机动车保有量不断攀升的背景下,采取多种防治措施可以有效缓解甚至改善交通噪声污染。     

高等级公路交通噪声分析与防治

噪声不仅干扰人们的正常生活,严重时可以危害人的身心健康．随着交通事业的快速发展,一大批高速公路迅速建成,交通噪声污染不容忽视．对西宝高速公路沿线交通噪声进行了实地昼夜监测,结果表明交通噪声夜间超标较为严重,干扰了沿线居民的正常生活．分析了污染现状和原因,并提出了降低道路交通噪声的一些简单措施．     

城市快速路交通噪声分布特征及污染现状

为了解快速路交通噪声的分布特征及污染现状,对城市快速路的交通噪声进行监测,结果表明,噪声随车流量的增大而升高,同时受车辆类型等其他因素的影响;随着与快速路水平距离的增大,交通噪声值呈下降趋势,特别是在距离快速路路沿前40 m内噪声衰减尤为明显;距高架道路不同水平距离处的噪声声场垂直分布规律基本一致,但距离高架道路较远处的敏感建筑物噪声值最高点楼层有所上移;快速路旁噪声敏感点交通噪声超标情况严重。     

乌鲁木齐市禁鸣交通喇叭的效果分析

禁鸣交通嗽叭是改善交通噪声的重要措施。道路噪声测试结果表明效能噪声与鸣笛次数成正相关。交通喇叭的鸣响次数之差与鸣响前后的等效声级Ｌｅｑ差值的回归方程为△Ｌｅｑ＝０．０８３０８＋０．０８８７７Ａ。禁鸣喇叭对降低交通噪声的显著程度随道路路面的好坏和车辆类型的不同而有一定差异。     

公路噪声模式存在的问题与处理

采用《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》（试行）中推荐的环境噪声影响预测模式（规范模式）和以“城市道路交通噪声预测统计模型”为基础的综合模式分别对高速公路交通噪声进行了计算，并利用实测资料对两种模式进行了检验和比较分析。指出规范模式存在着对低车流量噪声预测值偏大（约4－5dB）等问题，而综合模式可以部分弥补这些缺陷，使预测能力明显提高。     

开封市交通噪声环境质量二级模糊综合评价

在开封市2005年交通噪声实地监测数据的基础上,运用二级模糊综合评价法,对市区交通噪声环境质量进行现状评价,评价结果为开封市交通噪声环境质量总体上昼间属于轻污染,夜间属于重度污染,夜间交通噪声环境质量明显劣于昼间。其结论符合开封市的实际情况,不仅能较好地描述开封市交通噪声环境污染的连续、渐变、模糊的特点,而且还弥补了一级模糊综合评价难以反映出小范围路段对整体环境质量贡献的不足。     

新增交通干线噪声对总体交通干线噪声影响的探讨

新增交通干线噪声对总体交通干线噪声的影响,取决于新增交通干线在总体交通干线中的权重Ｐ及其噪声平均值与原有交通干线噪声平均值的差值ΔＬｘ。用公式可表示为Ｌｘ＝Ｌｘ原＋Ｐ·ΔＬｘ。在新增交通干线长度的权重Ｐ≤０．３的情况下,新增交通干线噪声对总体交通干线噪声影响不大,原有交通干线噪声水平基本上可以反映新增交通干线后的总体交通干线噪声水平。     

交通噪声在临街建筑群间传播中衍射的影响

本文利用光学中的Ｈｕｇｅｎｓ－Ｆｒｅｓｎｌ原理和Ｋｉｒ－ｃｈｏｆ近似理论,建立了由点声源组成的随机车辆流模型,探讨声波通过屏障间狭缝的衍射,从而确定交通噪声对临街建筑群中某测点的贡献     

浅析交通堵塞对成都市城区环境的影响

本文论述了成都市交通稠密区、交通堵塞路段、交通高峰时段机动车尾气对大气环境造成的严重影响,同时分析了交通噪声的污染状况。     

低噪声路面降噪效果研究

通过对公路交通噪声特征,低噪声路面的特点、结构、降噪机理及国内外研究现状的分析,对宁杭高速二期工程低噪声路面与普通路面噪声监测结果进行对比分析,确认低噪声沥青路面具有比较明显的降噪效果,路肩处噪声可降低3～4 dB(A),路外15 m处可降低1.1～3.5 dB(A).     

Development of Noise Simulation Model for Stationary and Mobile Sources: A GIS-Based Approach

In the rapidly urbanizing country like India, the transportation sector is growing rapidly, which lead to overcrowded roads producing air and noise pollution. Noise of a particular region is influenced by the volume of traffic on the highway, in addition to other causative factors like existing infrastructure and industrial setup etc. In the present paper, a geographical information system (GIS)-based noise simulation model has been developed to generate noise levels in Versova region of Mumbai, India. The study area comprises effect of infrastructure, road network, traffic volume, and various mechanical components like sewage pumping station and wastewater treatment facility. Various meteorological parameters and effect of land use and land cover on noise attenuation are also considered in the model. In this way, commutative noise prediction for point as well as mobile sources has been presented in the study. GIS-based noise simulation has been calibrated with observed noise levels during day and night time with correlation of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively.     

基于L-M神经网络的道路交通噪声预测研究

神经网络具有很强的预测功能.根据石家庄公路交通噪声的实测数据,利用L-M优化算法的多层神经网络预测模型进行道路交通噪声的预测,经检验,计算值与实测值接近,预测精度令人满意.     

我国城市声环境质量状况与分析

介绍了我国城市声环境质量状况,并就相关问题进行了分析.我国城市道路交通声环境质量大部分处于好和较好水平;城市区域声环境质量主要处于较好和轻度污染状态;约有1%的人口处在噪声重度污染区域;交通噪声影响强度最大;社会生活噪声影响范围最广;环境噪声污染仍存在污染投诉率高、交通噪声污染严重等问题,改善声环境质量仍是今后一项主要工作.     

Determination of Path Coefficients and Its Application in Road Traffic Noise Annoyance – a Theoretical Approach

This paper elucidates the basic approach of determining the path coefficients and its significance in the road traffic noise annoyance. Path model not only outline the direct effect of the traffic noise on the nearby residents but also indicate the indirect effect via other variables. In this study seven variables were considered for determining road traffic noise annoyance. However the same would be equally applicable for other situations like aircraft noise, rail noise, and industry noise with the different variables. At the outset a priori path model was designed and then on the basis of the partial regression coefficient values for the different paths, the revised path model was developed. The standardized partial regression coefficients known as path coefficients, determine the strength of the linkage among variables. Some of the paths in the model were not statistically significant. Revised path models were developed by deleting the insignificant paths whose values were found above 5% level. In the revised path model, thus the direct and indirect effect due to a particular variable causing the road traffic noise annoyance could be observed.     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.