浅谈煤矿企业OSHMS认证审核中的举证

本文探讨了煤矿企业职业安全健康管理体系认证审核中的审核证据分类、内容与作用、举证责任以及煤矿企业主要的审核证据等方面的内容,对于认证机构开展煤矿企业职业安全健康管理体系的认证审核、监督审核工作将起到一定的借鉴作用.     

推行OHSMS认证促进企业安全生产

1 我国职业安全卫生的现状与成因近年来我国重特大事故频频发生,如1998年11月21日,山西临汾河底乡三交村西沟煤矿发生死亡47人的瓦斯爆炸事故;1999年1月3日,辽宁铁法矿务局发生死亡24人的客货列车相撞事故;1999年1月10日,四川达川通川百货大楼发生10人死亡、伤10人的火灾事故;1999年1月4日,重庆綦江县发生的死亡40人的彩虹桥垮塌事故.同时,我国有近2000万职工受到职业病危害的威胁,尘肺病、职业中毒、职业肿瘤的发病绝对人数和发病率都居世界首位,其中仅尘肺病人就达52.6万人,加上0+期患者总数超过100万.这比全世界其他国家尘肺病人的总和还多.职业危害近年给国家造成的经济损失在100亿元人民币以上,职业安全卫生的形势十分严峻.     

OHSMS认证住企业中层管理人员面前

为了解建筑施工企业实施OHSMS 认证的情况,笔者对一期参加项目管理研修班的同志进行了问卷调查。调查采用了不记名的方式,共发放问卷85份,获取有效问卷78份,有效率91.76%。调查的内容主要包括管理人员对 OHSMS 标准学习的程度、企业     

从经济的角度审视OHSMS咨询认证工作

通过正反两方面的事例，说明一个企业OHS(Occupational Health and Safety，职业安全卫生)工作的好坏将直接或间接地影响其自身的生存与发展，乃至对国民经济的整体增长产生巨大的影响，进而说明企业获取OHSMS(Occupational Health and Safety Management System，职业安全卫生管理体系)认证资格的必要性。     

中国安全生产科学研究院审核认证中心

中国安全生产科学研究院（以下简称安科院）隶属于国家安全生产监督管理总局，安科院的管理体系认证工作是依托全院雄厚的科研技术力量来实施的，归口管理部门是其内设机构——审核认证中心。     

中心商业区环境安全管理与控制

城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制是城市诸多问题中的热点.通过分析中心商业区的环境空气质量和环境噪声、防火防爆设施及应急装备、人流车流秩序、公共卫生系统,提出了在城市中心商业区环境安全的管理与控制中应执行的相关标准,设立了相关部门和管理措施.对中心商业区环境安全控制的规制化具有一定积极意义.     

安全评价报告评审中的若干问题探讨

目前，安全评价工作越来越受到企业和监管部门的重视。在安全评价报告编制完毕后，为了保证安全评价报告的质量，还需要有关部门组织专家对报告进行评审。当前，对安全评价报告的组织评审，没有统一的规范和标准，通过与否使人感到不太明确，而且随意性大。为此，本文着重探讨，安全评价报告评审时合理的组织形式及应该制定的一些标准。从而使安全评价报告的评审工作走向正规化，标准化。     

区县级产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案编制思考

产业集聚区是新常态下区域经济发展的重要载体,集聚区应急预案已成为产业集 聚区突发事件责任主体准备程度和处置能力的集中体现。针对笔者参加预案评审和大量 一线调研发现的区县级产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案存在事件分级不清、机构设置 混乱与处置程序笼统等典型问题,研究提出了基于责任主体的事件等级与响应级别划分 方法、绩效评价导向的应急机构设置与职责分工匹配模式和基于模拟演练的应急处置程 序与履责路径刻画的区县级产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案编制参考意见。本研究是 当前应急预案“从有到优”升级路径选择的现实思考,对区县级政府/产业集聚区突发 环境事件应急预案修编管理具有重要指导作用。     

25 years of higher‐order confirmatory factor analysis in the organizational sciences: A critical review and development of reporting recommendations

We discuss how confirmatory factor analysis results should be used to examine potential higher‐order constructs and advocate that researchers present five types of evidence, which are as follows: (1) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables; (2) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among manifest variables better than more parsimonious alternative models—and no less well than less parsimonious alternative models; (3) the ability of the higher‐order model to reproduce the observed covariation among lower‐order factors; (4) the ability of the higher‐order factor to explain variation in lower‐order factors; and (5) the ability of the higher‐order factor to explain variation in manifest variables. We illustrate how this type of evidence could be presented with a worked example and contrast our recommendations with the manner in which higher‐order confirmatory factor analysis has been used in the organizational sciences over the past 25 years to support claims regarding higher‐order constructs such as core self‐evaluations and transformational leadership. Our review shows that a substantial proportion of the 44 examined articles failed to present enough evidence to allow readers to understand the size and importance of higher‐order factors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic behaviour of direct spring loaded pressure relief valves in gas service: II reduced order modelling

A previous study of gas-service direct-spring pressure relief valves connected to a tank via a straight pipe is continued by deriving a reduced-order model for predicting oscillatory instabilities such as valve flutter and chatter. The reduction process uses collocation to take into account a finite number N of acoustic pressure waves within the pipe, resulting in a set of 2N+3 ordinary differential equations. Following a novel non-dimensionalization, it is shown analytically that the model can exhibit, at experimentally realistic parameter values, instabilities associated with coupling between the valve and acoustic waves in the pipe. The thresholds for each instability are such that for a given flow rate, the first mode to go unstable as the inlet pipe length increases is the quarter-wave mode, then a three-quarter wave, a 5/4-wave etc. Thus the primary mode of instability should always be due to the quarter wave. In the limit of low flow rates, a simple approximate expression is found for the quarter-wave instability threshold in the form of inlet pipe length against mass flow rate. This threshold curve is found to agree well with simulation of the full model. For higher flow rates there is a need to include fluid convection, inlet pressure loss and pipe friction in order to get good agreement. The reduced model enables the dependence of the stability curve on key dimensionless physical parameters to be readily computed.     

作业场所职业危害分级监管模式及其实施

作业场所职业危害分级监管工作涉及到监管决策、监管实施以及分级监管配套规章制度的建设等多个环节。本文从上述几个方面对如何有效实施作业场所职业危害分级监管工作进行了探讨,提出了综合监管决策、现场监管实施与制度建设等内容的基于作业场所职业危害风险评价分级的监管模式。其中,监管决策应当考虑确定区域、作业场所的监管优先顺序、监管资源与技术服务资源的合理配置,并对不同职业危害风险等级企业具体主体责任的落实提出要求;现场监管应在分析与掌握现状的基础上,通过风险评估实施分级管理,分级监管有关制度建设应当确定分级监管原则并包含上述有关内容。     

A novel approach combining bootstrapped non-intrusive reduced order models and unscented transform for the robust and efficient CFD analysis of accidental gas releases in congested plants

The risk assessment for safety-critical, complex systems is a very challenging computational problem when it is performed with high-fidelity models, e.g. CFD, like in the case of accidental gas releases in congested systems. Within this framework, a novel CFD approach, named Source Box Accident Model, has been recently proposed to efficiently model such phenomena by splitting the simulation of the gas release and its subsequent dispersion in the system in two steps. In this view, the present paper proposes a non-intrusive, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-Radial Basis Functions reduced order model that exploits the two-step nature of the SBAM approach, to mimic the behaviour of the original, long-running CFD model code at a significantly lower computational cost. Moreover, the paper presents a methodology combining the bootstrap and unscented transform approaches to efficiently assess the ROM uncertainty in the safety-critical simulation output quantities of interest, e.g. the flammable volume. The results obtained in a test case involving a high pressure, accidental gas release in an off-shore Oil & Gas plant are in very satisfactory agreement with those produced by CFD, with a relative error smaller than 10% and a reduction in the computational time of about three orders of magnitude.     

A generalized differential method to calculate lumped kinetic triplet of the nth order model for the global one-step heterogeneous reaction using TG data

Computing kinetic triplet is of importance for the process safety of combustion/gasification industries to establish the chemical reaction scheme and to assess the hazardous risk. Few approaches have been capable of calculating lumped kinetic triplet at one time efficiently, which might be attributed to the fact that the analytical solution for the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NNODE) for the n^th order reaction model has not been found yet. This paper presents an analytical solution of NNODE to compute kinetic triplet. Results showed that the proposed method (mass fraction curve-fitting error ϕ = 1.49%–2.07%) is more efficient to compute kinetic triplet of the n^th order reaction model, comparing to genetic algorithm (GA) optimization (ϕ = 1.43%–1.81%), Coats-Redfern (ϕ = 2.36%–3.16%), peak-shape, and isoconversional methods. A compensation effect between lnA and E_a is observed due to heating rates. Effects of exported data quality and smooth processing on computation of kinetic triplet are discussed. It is the first time that an analytical solution of NNODE (n^th order model) for global one-step heterogeneous reaction is derived for computing kinetic triplet. This work may help to search for analytical solutions of power-law and Avrami-Erofeev models in the future to efficiently calculate kinetic triplet for accelerating and sigmoidal reaction systems.     

基于Blender的矿山虚拟现实快速构建与实现

为了实现矿山三维实体模型和虚拟现实的快速搭建与实现,分析了当前数字化矿山建模可移植性差、扩展性不灵活、开发难度大的缺陷 ,提出了一种矿山三维模型及虚拟现实体系的自动构建方法:基于Blender开源软件提供的建模平台,利用Python语言编写矿山实体的表达方法 与生成算法;利用矿山基础信息,实现了对矿山井巷、矿体等三维实体模型的自动、快速构建,并以矿山井巷工程、矿体以及地表模型等实体 模型的构建为例进行了演示;利用Blender脚本实现对三维实体模型的快速渲染,初步建立了矿山虚拟现实环境与仿真系统,并利用驱动内核实 现虚拟情景的演示。结果表明,该方法具有开发快捷、要求低等特点,为数字化矿山建设提供了一种新的思路。     

略论市场经济条件下职业安全卫生中介组织的作用及运作模式

分析了在市场经济条件下，由于政府转变职能，企业转换机制，安全管理面临的四个不相适应，解决办法就是大力发展按市场经济规律运作的职业安全卫生中介组织，并初步探讨了这种中介组织的基本功能、特征及运作方式