吸附菌HX5对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附脱色作用

研究了吸附菌HX5对活性艳蓝KNR的吸附脱色作用,碳源、氮源、盐度和染料浓度对KNR吸附脱色的影响,以及HX5生长菌体对KNR的脱色机理.结果表明,菌株HX5对KNR脱色的最佳碳、氮源分别为葡萄糖和硫酸铵;碳源浓度在10g/L以上时,可使200mg/L的KNR完全脱色,碳源浓度过高,脱色效果不显著;HX5对KNR脱色的最佳氮源浓度为0.75g/L,在0～2%的浓度范围内,盐度对脱色无显著影响;染料对菌株HX5具有一定的生长抑制毒性,但对于400mg/L的KNR,脱色率仍可达95.1%;HX5生长菌体对KNR作用96h内主要为生物吸附作用,96h外则可能发生了生物降解.图5表2参9     

漂白废水白腐菌脱色的条件

碳源、氮源、Mn^2 浓度及pH值对F7菌漂白废水脱色有较大的影响,最佳培养基组成为：ρ（葡萄糖）10g/L,ρ（NH4Cl）0．13g/L,ρ（Mn^2 )20mg/L,随葡萄糖和NH4Cl添国量的增加,菌体生物量增加,但高浓度的NH4Cl对F7菌脱色有抑制作用,F7菌适宜生长pH值为4－5,适宜脱色pHwfhgo 3-6,最适脱色pH值为5．0另外,经脱色处理的漂白废水的毒性明显下降。     

一株新的高效偶氮染料脱色菌Paenibacillus dendritiformis GGJ7及其脱色作用

从刚果红染料中分离到一株刚果红高效脱色菌,经16S r RNA基因序列(NCBI accession No.KY655213)鉴定,该菌株属于类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus),将该菌株命名为Paenibacillus dendritiformis GGJ7(简写为GGJ7).将其运用于偶氮染料脱色,并研究不同营养条件、不同培养条件(温度、pH、溶解氧)和不同染料下的脱色性能.结果表明,GGJ7对刚果红脱色效果远高于以前工作中分离到的YRJ1、YRJ2等8株同样具有脱色功能的细菌;该菌株脱色的最佳条件为30℃、pH 7、25 g/L LB培养基厌氧培养;其脱色机理以生物降解为主,且脱色过程符合一级反应动力学方程:-ln(A_t/A_0)=0.6058t-0.1082.经测试,GGJ7对多种偶氮染料的脱色率高达95%,其中50 mg/L甲基橙、25 mg/L藏花猩红和25 mg/L甲基红仅需1 h,50 mg/L橙黄G和50 mg/L橙黄G6仅需3 h,50 mg/L刚果红仅需4 h.可见GGJ7是一株高效偶氮染料脱色菌,具有处理印染废水的开发应用潜能.     

脱色酶和优势菌混合固定化降解染料的研究

本文对分离到的脱色优势菌ＤＮ１的脱色酶特性进行了研究,将脱色酶与苯胺降解菌混合固定化处理染料废水,结果表明,脱色酶在厌氧条件下对染料的脱色效果好,最适条件为３７℃,ｐＨ７．０;固定化酶相比粗酶液有更高的活性,对温度、ｐＨ、氧的要求范围较宽;混合固定化降解染料,脱色率及苯胺降解率分别大于８０％和９０％。     

高含量漆酶食用菌菌渣的筛选及其染料脱色作用

食用菌菌渣(Spent mushroom substrate,SMS)指食用菌出菇后的培养基废弃物,富含菌体蛋白、生物酶、多糖等营养物质,是潜在的生物质资源,用于肥料、饲料、生物修复等领域.我国是全球第一大食用菌生产国,大量菌渣资源一直没有得到科学有效地利用,并造成环境污染.以工厂化、实验室和农业栽培的杏鲍菇、平菇等9种常见食用菌菌渣为材料,进行高产漆酶菌渣筛选,并进一步利用高活性菌渣,对孔雀石绿、活性艳蓝、甲基橙、活性红和活性黑5种染料进行脱色脱毒研究.结果显示,新鲜工厂化杏鲍菇菌渣漆酶活性为7.55×104 U/g.其不同高度菌渣柱对染料脱色的结果显示,15 cm高菌渣脱色效果最佳,对5种染料的脱色率分别为100%、98.60%、72.82%、61.97%和43.73%.全波长光谱扫描显示,孔雀石绿、活性艳蓝经处理后流出液的染料最大光吸收峰显著降低甚至消失.进一步利用其菌渣漆酶粗提物进行染料脱色研究,30℃孵育24 h脱色率分别为81.24%、49.43%、37.62%、26.34%和13.54%.以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为靶标,对酶促染料降解产物进行了毒性研究,结果显示产物毒性均低于未处理染料.本研究表明工厂化杏鲍菇菌渣具有高漆酶活性,能用于孔雀石绿、活性艳蓝等染料废水的脱色、脱毒,具有重要经济和生态价值.(图4表4参43)     

嗜热复合菌群对偶氮染料的脱色特性及其脱毒

偶氮染料所造成的环境污染问题已成为近年来亟待解决的问题.以前期构建的嗜热偶氮染料降解复合菌群为研究对象,探究其在不同初始p H、培养温度、染料浓度及不同结构偶氮染料的脱色特性,并对不同浓度下染料的降解进行动力学分析;通过紫外-可见光扫描、红外光谱扫描及酶活性变化等分析偶氮染料的生物降解情况.此外,还将通过植物毒理性实验来验证偶氮染料降解后的脱毒情况.研究发现,该复合菌群在初始p H为8、温度为55℃的条件下脱色效果最佳,在含400 mg/L直接黑G的脱色培养基中静置培养48 h后,脱色率高达100%;且对直接黑G具有较高的耐受能力,在3 000 mg/L的条件下脱色率仍高达70%;对不同结构的偶氮染料均表现出较好的脱色性能;动力学分析发现其最佳脱色速率与浓度分别为40.597 3 mg g~(-1) h~(-1)、484.337 6 mg/L.通过紫外-可见光扫描及红外光谱扫描分析发现偶氮染料直接黑G在降解前后化学键及表面官能团发生了明显的变化;酶活性分析发现偶氮染料降解酶在降解后显著提高.此外,植物毒理性实验证明经复合菌群降解后的染料代谢产物对植物的毒性大幅度降低,可能被降解为其他低毒性物质.本研究结果表明该复合菌群具有较好的染料脱色降解性能,这将为偶氮染料的无污染化处理奠定理论基础.(图6表4参43)     

黄曲霉A5p1脱色糖蜜酒精废水机理初探

研究自行筛选的一株黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)A5p1(保藏号CGMCC.4292)对糖蜜酒精废水(MSW)的脱色机理.在外加蔗糖情况下菌株A5p1对MSW具有较好的脱色效果,脱色率由14%增高至58%;脱色进程与细胞生长基本同步.从培养液中检测出3种木质素过氧化物酶——漆酶(Lac)及两种胞外过氧化物酶即锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和不依赖锰的过氧化物酶(MiP)的酶活,但是水平不高,认为此3种酶不是主要的脱色机制.发现由各种代谢过程产生的总H2O2生成速率与脱色率基本同步,同时在第4天达到最大值,随后下降;还原糖总消耗也在初期阶段较快.外加蔗糖后总H2O2生成速率增加10倍,达到0.0027 mmol·min-1·mL-1.认为体系中脱色机制可能与产H2O2的酶相关.紫外可见光谱分析和凝胶色谱分析表明脱色过程中有大分子物质降解.综上所述初步认为,黄曲霉A5p1脱色糖蜜酒精废水是一个受产H2O2酶影响、复杂的生物降解过程.     

PAN-DCD用于染料废水的脱色研究

本文以聚丙烯腈为高分子链,用双腈双胺与聚丙烯腈大分子上的腈基改性,制得含有多种活性基团的聚合物PAN-DCD.研究了PAN-DCD对活性染料、分散染料及酸性染料废水的脱色效果,并初步探讨了其脱色机理.实验结果表明,PAN-DCD的脱色效果与染料的种类、废水的酸度以及脱色剂的用量有关.PAN-DCD对染料颜色的去除率在pH=3.0和pH=13.0时达到极大值,显示了它的两性特征.脱色机理的研究结果表明,聚合物分子中的胍胺结构与染料分子发生了化学作用,通过静电键和分子间氢键的形成以及聚集作用,将分布于水中的有色物质絮凝、沉降.     

重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶的发酵条件优化

CotA漆酶在环境保护、食品工业和纸浆漂白等工业中具有重要的应用价值.将重组表达载体pET-22b/CotA转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),得到工程菌株,采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法,研究诱导表达条件和发酵培养基对重组大肠杆菌产CotA漆酶量的影响.结果表明,初始pH 7.5的培养基中,添加0.6 mmol L-1 Cu2+,1 g L-1葡萄糖作碳源、15 g L-1蛋白胨和2 g L-1硫酸铵作氮源,以10%的接种量,37℃、200 r/min,直到菌液的D600 nm值为1.0,加入终浓度为1.0 mmol L-1的IPTG,25℃诱导12 h,漆酶的产量最高.优化前发酵液的粗提液的漆酶活性仅为1 190 U mL-1,优化后达到3 526 U mL-1,正交实验优化后漆酶活性提高了2.96倍.纯化的CotA漆酶最适反应温度为45℃,最适pH值为7.2.CotA漆酶对RBBR的脱色率在90%以上,此CotA漆酶在短时间内对染料能够有效地脱色,能够成为有潜力的工业用酶.图6表3参17     

微酸多年卧孔菌产漆酶条件优化及其在染料脱色中的应用

微酸多年卧孔菌(Perenniporia subacida)产漆酶能力对生物漂白等研究具有重要意义.通过单因子和正交试验确定了微酸多年卧孔菌(菌株号:Dai 8224)的最适产酶条件:麦芽糖20 g/L,酵母浸粉5 g/L,pH 5.4,Cu2+2.0 mmol/L,培养温度24℃,转速160 r/min,接种量1.5%(V/V),此时酶活最高可达1.945 U/mL.单独使用微酸多年卧孔菌漆酶粗酶液对染料具有很好的脱色效果.该菌株对于50 mg/L杂环类染料中性红的脱色率可达98.3%,对偶氮染料刚果红的脱色率次之,为91.57%,对亚甲基蓝和铬天青的脱色率也都在80%以上.此外,其催化中性红脱色的最佳底物浓度为60 mg/L,脱色率达到99.42%,其中,生物降解作用占55.92%,菌体吸附作用占43.5%.结果表明该菌对多种染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力.图4表3参31     

Photocatalytic oxidation of the textile dye basic red 18 with irradiated titanium dioxide

One of the major problems of textile wastewater is the presence of dye materials, because colour is visible to the public even if the dye concentration is lower than other pollutants, and needs therefore to be removed from the wastewater before it is discharged. Techniques based on “advanced oxidative processes” such as photocatalysed oxidation seem to be very promising for industrial wastewater treatment, especially for decolourization of textile effluents. In this work, we describe the photocatalytic degradation of the textile dye Basic Red 18 (BR 18) in aqueous solution using two different types of TiO₂ as photocatalyst: Degussa P25 (80% anatase) and Framitalia (100% anatase). Photooxidation of BR 18 was followed by HPLC analysis, and kinetic parameters were evaluated in order to optimise the treatment procedure. The results obtained in this work showed that the colour became virtually zero and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is strongly reduced at the end of the treatment. The obtained results are compared with the efficiency of decolourization using the H₂O₂/UV System. Finally, marine mussel test was used to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation with TiO₂ in terms of ecotoxicity. A significant reduction of cumulative mortality was observed for the treated effluent.     

高锰酸钾对染料废水的脱色研究

研究了影响高锰酸钾对染料废水脱色的有关因素,结果表明,脱色反应的最佳ＰＨ值应小于１．５,高锰酸钾的浓度对脱色效果显著。     

Fe-C-H_2O_2协同催化氧化处理印染废水

用Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化体系对印染工业废水的降解脱色处理进行了研究。对影响印染废水降解的几种因素如铁屑/碳粒质量比、双氧水的质量分数、废水pH等进行考察。试验结果表明,对于色度为650度和ρ（COD）为468mg·L-1的印染废水,在废水pH=4.8的情况下,当铁屑/碳粒质量比为25∶1、H2O2用量为150mg·L-1、催化反应30min时,印染废水的脱色率达98%以上,CODCr去除率可达78%。与Fe-C微电解法相比,Fe-C-H2O2协同催化氧化方法对印染废水的脱色能力和去除COD,表现出了更好的处理效果。     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)^-1. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

Effect of carbon and nitrogen source amendment on synthetic dyes decolourizing efficiency of white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Decolourization activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium for three synthetic dyes viz., congo red, malachite green and crystal violet and impact of additional carbon and nitrogen supply on decolourization capacity of fungus were investigated. Maximum decolourizing capacity was observed up to 15 ppm. Addition of urea as nitrogen source and glucose as carbon source significantly enhanced decolourizing capacity (up to 87%) of fungus. In all the cases, both colour and COD were reduced more in non-sterilized treatments as compared to sterilized ones. Significant reductions in COD content of dye solutions (79-84%) were recorded by fungus supplied with additional carbon and nitrogen. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.78, p < 0.001) between colour and COD of dye solutions was recorded. Thus, a readily available carbon and nitrogen source is imperative to enhance the bioremediation activity of this fungus which has been the most suitable for synthetic dyes and textile industry wastewater treatment.     

Anaerobic decolorization of an azo dye by a mixed culture

Wool dyeing wastewater contains xenobiotic compounds that can be removed by biotechnological processes. Studies on various dyes showed that anaerobic processes are suitable to alter azo dyes as a first step of the biodegradation process. These compounds are reduced by anaerobic consortia to aromatic amines and its ultimate degradation can be achieved by a further aerobic treatment.

Studies on degradation rate of an wool acid dye were performed in batch systems inoculated with anaerobic biomass. A commercial diazo dye, Acid Red 73, was added to the synthetic medium in which glucose was used as sole carbon source.

Results indicated that the Acid Red 73 was partially degraded by a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria and a decolorization of 90% was obtained. Kinetics studies on removal of the colour showed that the decolorization rate was several times faster than the degradation rate of glucose for a range of dye concentrations between 60 mg/L and 400 mg/L. A first order kinetic model was used for dye concentrations up to 200 mg/L. For higher concentrations a model similar to the Michaelis‐Menten equation was better fitted to the experimental data.     

Removal of Cu2+ and dye from wastewater using the heavy metal precipitant N,N-bis-(dithiocarboxy)piperazine

We found that a new heavy metal precipitant, disodium N,N-bis-(dithiocarboxy)piperazine, both precipitates Cu²⁺ ions removes the dye from wastewater. The precipitation was based on a coordination polymerization reaction while the removal of the dye could be mainly attributed to an hydrophobic adsorption at pH 7.     

Biological Decolorization of C.I. Basic Green 4 Solution by Chlorella sp.： Effect of Operational Parameters

In recent years, the ability of microorganisms to decolorize textile wastewater has received great attention due to the environmental persistence and toxicity of these pollutants. In this paper biological decolorization of triphenylmethane dye, C.I. Basic Green 4 (BG 4), by Chlorella species was investigated. The effect of operational parameters (temperature, pH, initial dye concentration and algal concentration) on decolorization efficiency was examined. Results indicated that the desired initial pH was 9. The stability and efficiency of the algae in long-term repetitive operations were also examined. Michaelis-Menten kinetics was employed to describe the apparent correlation between the decolorization rate and dye concentration. The optimal kinetic parameters, Vmax (specific decolorization rate) and Km (maximum specific decolorization rate) were 4.6 mg dye g cell-1 h-1and 151.0 mg L-1, respectively. Fig 10, Tab 2, Ref24     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理直接大红染料

研究了ClO2化学氧化体系和ClO2催化氧化体系。实验结果表明:单用ClO2化学氧化处理COD为3 400mg/L的直接大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为1,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为400 mg/L废水,反应时间为10 min,COD去除率可达85.9%,氧化指数(COD削减量∶ClO2投加量)=7。当ClO2与自制催化剂所组成的催化氧化体系用于对直接大红染料配制废水的处理时,最佳反应pH值为2左右,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为600 mg/L废水,反应时间为6 min,COD去除率可达96.6%,氧化指数=6。结果表明,ClO2催化氧化法是一种新型高效的处理难降解废水的技术,有着广阔的应用前景。