环境监测科研管理相关问题探讨

环境监测科研是环境监测的一项基础性工作，是环境监测事业发展的重要保障。加强环境监测科研工作，需要不断探索适合于时代发展和环境监测以及环境管理工作实际情况的环境监测科研管理模式。对环境监测科研管理的内涵和特点进行了分析；对环境监测科研管理部门的定位、环境监测科研管理的科研计划管理、环境监测科研管理中的科研队伍建设等进行了探讨。     

建立省级环境与健康调查及风险评估体系研究思路——以江苏省探索实践为例

以环境与健康调查及风险评估研究为出发点,江苏省于2018年设立了"江苏省环境与健康调查与风险评估体系建设"环保科研重大技术攻关类项目,根据江苏省行业、地区、流域特点以及江苏省环境与健康调查及风险评估工作基础,结合国内环境与健康研究现状,深入开展典型行业、地区、流域环境与健康调查、环境与健康问题分析、环境健康风险评价,建设环境与健康重点实验室,探索并实践环境与健康理念融入环境保护管理的研究任务,为全面开展环境与健康监测业务化运行以及环境健康风险评估进行技术实践和储备,为江苏省环境与健康管理工作提供支撑。     

高分辨质谱在环境科学领域应用综述

探究复杂环境介质中有机污染物分析检测新方法,建立复杂环境介质中可疑和非目标化合物的快速筛选及确证方案,已成为环境科学领域的研究热点。高分辨质谱仪（HR-MS）具有质量范围宽、扫描速度快、灵敏度高等优点,使其在环境科学领域得到广泛应用。综述了混合高分辨率质谱（Q-TOF/Q Orbitrap）等HR MS技术的特点和工作原理,基于目标化合物分析、可疑化合物分析以及非目标化合物分析这3类研究策略,阐述了HR-MS在环境研究、药品监管及生物代谢物研究等领域的应用现状,进而分析了现阶段HR MS在环境科学领域中的应用局限性和发展前景。     

Empowering impact assessments knowledge and international research collaboration - A bibliometric analysis of Environmental Impact Assessment Review journal

Innovation, knowledge exchange and collaboration are fundamental in environmental studies. Impact assessments represent a key tool in identifying and predicting the environmental consequences of a project. The journal Environmental Impact Assessment Review started promoting research discussing different issues or methods in the field of impact assessments and environmental management since 1980. By analyzing 1664 articles published within the journal between 1980 and 2018 by 2935 authors, affiliated to institutions from 75 countries, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the environmental assessment research trends. Bibliometric indicators such as keywords or country of affiliation were analyzed through a network methodological approach, including co-occurrence analysis, centrality metrics and multiple correspondence analysis. The international collaboration and productivity maps bring a novel overview to this type of analysis and reveal new perspectives for thrived cooperation on environmental assessments research. The results illustrate the most common research topics through a conceptual structure map and a keywords co-occurrence graph with a temporal overlay, which allows observing their evolution over the years. Furthermore, this work tries to explain the political, economic, social and technological factors that influence the tendencies in environmental assessments research and scientific cooperation, providing future insights for environmental scientific priorities.     

环境磁学在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中的应用

随着环境问题日渐突出,地表灰尘重金属污染日益成为研究热点。单纯采用化学方法监测重金属污染具有一定局限性,环境磁学方法以其简便、快捷、经济且无害化的特点在城市重金属污染研究中广为应用。通过文献调研,综述环境磁学在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中的应用与研究进展,阐明重金属的主要来源,简述环境磁学的诸多参数,分析磁学参数与重金属的关系,并通过对比不同的磁学分析方法,探讨环境磁学方法在城市地表灰尘重金属污染研究中存在的问题及其发展趋势。     

区域环境风险评估研究进展

简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。     

关于中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准的思考与建议

研究了中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准的发展历程及现状。通过分析现行固体废物环境监测分析方法标准现状与需求,发现中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准存在不能完全满足现行固体废物污染控制标准和危险废物鉴别标准的测定需求,部分标准规范性有待提高,标准基础研究较为薄弱,同一污染物项目不同方法标准之间的可比性研究有待加强等诸多问题。针对存在的问题,建议从加快标准制修订,加强基础科研和顶层设计,加大可比性研究等方面完善中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准,以期推动中国固体废物环境监测分析方法标准体系的建设与发展。     

中国环境风险评价体系的完善:来自美国的经验和启示

分析总结了美国在比较风险评价研究、环境风险评价指南、环境风险评价过程中的不确定性分析和风险交流等方面的经验,并结合我国环境风险评价现状和存在问题,提出,开展比较风险评价研究,完善环境风险评价指南体系,减小环境风险评价的不确定性和建立有效可行的环境风险交流体系的建议,从而完善我国环境风险评价体系,提高环境风险评价结果的真实性和可靠性。     

环境毒理学与环境监测

环境毒理学近年来得到了较快的发展,它为制定环境卫生标准、评价环境质量、采取防治对策提供了科学依据。文章论述了环境毒理学的特点、主要研究内容;评述了当前环境监测中的某些局限性,以及环境毒理学在环境监测各个领域中的应用和进展情况。     

新形势下环境监测科技发展现状与展望

结合国家生态环境监测网络建设方案和环境监测管理方式的变化,依据"十三五"期间环境保护重点工作和国家科技体制改革方向,对环境监测科研现状进行了分析。从环境监测技术体系建设、国家重点研发计划、国家科技重大专项等方面综合考虑,分析了水、气、土等方面的科研工作现状和问题,总结了"十三五"期间环境监测技术体系建设需求和进度安排,归纳了国家层面环境监测科技发展需求,提出了"十三五"环境监测科技发展的展望与思路。     

Bibliometric analysis of global environmental assessment research in a 20-year period

Based on the samples of 113,468 publications on environmental assessment (EA) from the past 20 years, we used a bibliometric analysis to study the literature in terms of trends of growth, subject categories and journals, international collaboration, geographic distribution of publications, and scientific research issues. By applying thresholds to network centralities, a core group of countries can be distinguished as part of the international collaboration network. A frequently used keywords analysis found that the priority in assessment would gradually change from project environmental impact assessment (EIA) to strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Decision-theoretic approaches (i.e., environmental indicator selection, life cycle assessment, etc.), along with new technologies and methods (i.e., the geographic information system and modeling) have been widely applied in the EA research field over the past 20 years. Hot spots such as “biodiversity” and “climate change” have been emphasized in current EA research, a trend that will likely continue in the future. The h-index has been used to evaluate the research quality among countries all over the world, while the improvement of developing countries' EA systems is becoming a popular research topic. Our study reveals patterns in scientific outputs and academic collaborations and serves as an alternative and innovative way of revealing global research trends in the EA research field.     

流域环境风险评价研究进展

在分析流域环境风险内涵的基础上,从研究内容和研究方法两个方面,综述了国内外流域环境风险评价研究现状。指出目前研究内容主要集中在流域水质健康风险评价、流域生态风险评价、地下水环境风险评价、突发事件和农业非点源污染的流域环境风险评价等方面,主要采用基于层次分析、突变理论或经验公式(数学模型)的研究方法。在此基础上讨论了目前研究存在的不足,并从复杂动态系统分析的角度提出了未来的发展趋势。     

Intelligent comprehensive evaluation system using artificial intelligence for environmental evaluation

Environmental evaluation plays a significant role in the development of the culture and economy in modern times. When the environmental condition becomes degraded, the complete evaluation of ecological analysis is highly necessary to evaluate the environment. Hence, the development of a scientific assessment system of environmental assessment is highly significant in the development of the culture and economy. In this research, the present state of environmental evaluation is discussed, and the evaluation system is integrated through a computational process. Secondly, an environmental evaluation system is presented to establish the model in the evaluation process. Further, in this research, Advanced Artificial Intelligence Framework (AIF) for environmental development and protection has been proposed to improve the culture and economy in modern times. Studies reports indicate clear connections between the criteria of environmental assessment, the protection and development of the environment. The practical application of study findings involves establishing specific proposals for reducing pollution and improving the protection of the environment in China.     

监测与管理并重,为建设海上大连赢得先机

针对近年来海域环境污染的重点和热点问题 ,阐述了大连市环境监测站在强化自身能力建设、海洋环境监测、环境科研及环境管理方面所做的有益探索     

多部门协作模式下的生态环境监测体系研究

阐述了建立多部门协作机制,构建生态环境监测大数据平台,实现生态环境监测信息集成共享的背景及意义。通过分析青海省生态环境监测工作现状及存在的问题,提出了构建多部门协作模式下生态环境监测体系的思路和建议。     

论实行“以条为主,条块结合”的环境监测管理体制的必要性

从技术监督，网络建立，技术研究，执法程序及自身建设等方面论述了加强加强环境监测工作的首要措施是改革现行的环境监测管理模式，实行“以条为主，条块结合”的管理体制，即；人，财，物管理以条为主，党群活动以块为主，业务开展兼顾条块。     

The U.S. National biomonitoring specimen bank and the marine environmental specimen bank

The National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank (NBSB), established in 1979 at the NIST Neutron Research Facility, Gaithersburg, Maryland, was specifically designed to store environmental specimens over long periods of time (50-100 years). This bank contains specimens (e.g., human livers, marine sediments, fish tissues, mussels, oysters, human diet samples, and marine mammal tissues) collected as part of several monitoring and research programs supported by U.S. Federal agencies. In 2002, NIST completed the construction of a second environmental specimen bank facility specifically designed for supporting monitoring and research on marine environmental health issues. This facility, the Marine Environmental Specimen Bank (Marine ESB) is located at the Hollings Marine Laboratory in Charleston, South Carolina, in partnership with a U.S. Federal resource agency, two universities, and a State of South Carolina resource agency. The Marine ESB provides a resource of research specimens that are used to address questions regarding temporal and geographic trends in environmental contamination, genetic separation of populations of animals, and the health status of various types of marine animals. Specimens banked include marine mammal tissues, bird tissues, mussels, and oysters. Plans are underway to establish protocols and initiate banking procedures for other types of marine organisms and environmental materials as part of an expanded effort to support research on the health of marine biota.     

环境污染物计算毒理学分析及环境行为模拟研究进展

根据国内外研究报道,系统地总结了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境科学领域的研究进展,包括二者的概念、理论、研究方法以及在环境研究中的应用;分析了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在发展中所面临的挑战,并提出对策;展望了计算毒理学和化合物环境行为模拟在环境研究中的发展前景。     

论实行“以条为主,条块结合”的环境监测管理体制的必要性

从技术监督、网络建设、技术研究、执法程序及自身建设等方面,论述加强环境监测工作的首要措施是改革现行的环境监测管理模式,实行“以条为主,条块结合”的管理体制,即人、财、物管理以条为主,党群活动以块为主,业务开展兼顾条块。     

基于智能手机的环境监测光学传感器研究与应用进展

传统环境污染物生物化学分析技术通常依赖于实验室设备和专业的操作技术人员,限制了此类技术在环境应急等现场分析中的应用。以手机内置光学功能模块作为信号接收器的智能手机光学传感器,通过分析光信号可实现对目标物的定性或定量分析,其开发和应用是当前环境污染物现场快速生物化学分析检测领域的研究热点。综述了比色、荧光和化学发光3种智能手机环境监测光学传感器的传感原理、实现路径、监测指标、研究现状以及所面临的挑战,探讨了其在环境监测领域的典型应用,展望了未来的发展前景,以期为智能手机光学传感技术在环境监测领域的进一步发展提供参考。