形成石棉矿床的地质条件

<正> 不同种类的石棉矿床所处的地质条件决定了它们所属的成因类型:温石棉—热液型,直闪石石棉—变质型,纤兰闪石石棉—远成热液型(层状、非岩浆成因)或变质型。 因此,一些研究者认为温石棉矿床的形成同花岗岩类对超基性岩的接触影响有关,另一些研究者则认为其形成同超基性岩的自变质作用有关。有人认为直     

苏胶地体碱质闪石柯石英榴辉岩的意义

苏胶地体碱质闪石柯石英榴辉岩有两类：含碱质闪石（蓝闪石）黝帘石榴辉岩和含兰晶石碱质闪石榴辉岩．在这两类岩石的石榴石和辉石中均能见到柯石英残晶或其假象。估算其温压条件，温度为750－980℃、压力28．5～31．5×108pa；推测它们的形成是苏胶地体发生、发展、定位的终结产物。     

南大别山超高压岩区变质作用的P-T-t研究-兼论花岗片麻岩与超高压变质岩的关系

南大别山超高压变质杂岩与花岗片麻岩具有不同的变质矿物组合和结构特征,显示它们之间变质作用条件和过程可能存在着差异.超高压榴辉岩峰期变质的温度为754～866℃,压力大于2.7Gpa,退变到榴闪岩和角闪岩的温、压条件分别为0.55～0.69 Gpa和470～570℃.花岗片麻岩中所见到的最高变质作用为角闪岩相,变质的温、压条件分别为450～515℃和0.60～0.75Gpa.花岗片麻岩的变质条件与超高压榴辉岩的退变质条件类似,说明它们之间至少在抬升到约20～25km深的地壳层位后具有共同的抬升和冷却历史.花岗(片麻)岩在超高压环境下处于一种亚稳定状态,尚未来得及发生超高压变质作用就已折返到地壳层位.     

碱性闪石类质同象的向量空间

用结构分析法确定闪石中阳离子的占位已为人们所熟知，本文采用44个碱性闪石的化学分析数据，通过逐步回归分析，从统计学的角度来分析碱性闪石各晶位中阳离子占位率之间的相关性，从而进一步探讨其类质同象的规律，分析表明：碱性问石中作为独立变量的阳离子并非如通常认为的多而杂，如果把碱性闪石类质同象看成一个随机线性向量，则其空间的维数很可能小于10，上述理论计算同时还表明：1．有可能直接用化学分析结果按概率方法对闪石进行定名；2.有可能选择X射线粉末图大于10条特征峰的强度作统计分析来估算闪石中阳离子的占位率。     

钦杭结合带加里东期榴闪岩超高压变质作用研究

对钦杭结合带首次发现的加里东期榴闪岩进行了详细的年代学、矿物学和变质作用研究。结果表明,榴闪岩的变质时代为454±4Ma,经历了早期角闪岩相进变质、中期榴辉岩相峰期变质和晚期角闪岩相退变质三个阶段,具顺时针P-T-t轨迹。早期角闪岩相进变质作用阶段的矿物共生组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英,温压条件分别为719℃~795℃和7.56Kpa~8.30Kpa;中期榴辉岩相峰期变质作用阶段的矿物共生组合为石榴子石+绿辉石(后期退变为透辉石+钠长石)±石英,温压条件分别为668℃~821℃和26.42Kpa~33.46Kpa;晚期角闪岩相退变质作用阶段的矿物共生组合为石榴子石+角闪岩+斜长石±石英(即榴闪岩),相应的温压条件分别为611℃~854℃和4.76Kpa~9.30Kpa。结合前人资料推断,区域内加里东期可能经历了榴辉岩相超高压变质→高温麻粒岩相退变质→角闪岩相退变质的演化过程。钦杭结合带首次厘定出加里东期超高压变质作用,表明华夏和扬子两大陆块碰撞拼合发生在加里东期。     

区域变质带形成方式初探

一般认为，区域变质带是进化变质作用的产物．但大别山杂岩中榴辉岩变质历史及其与围岩变质作用关系研究表明，该区的区域变质带是高压榴辉岩相岩石经退化变质作用形成的。根据区域变质带的形成方式将其划分为峰期前递增变质带、峰期速增变质带和峰期后退化变质带三个基本类型，它们分别代表不同的构造含义。作者认为，退化变质作用的地位与意义在今后的研究中应加以强调。     

苏胶地体榴辉岩相岩石中流体包裹体的初步研究

高压低温变质岩的流体包裹体研究程度很低。本文选择苏胶地体四个有代表性的榴辉岩相岩石：蓝晶石英钟榴辉岩、石英榴辉岩、蓝晶石石英岩和绿帘石石英脉作了初步研究。研究结果表明：各类榴辉岩相岩石的流体包裹体均程度不同地发生了次生变化．未发现原生包裹体。蓝晶石榴辉岩中的石英包裹体表现为变质峰期的流体成分特征：均—温度较高、冰点相对较低、成分复杂多样，具深源特征；而其它样品则代表退变质阶段之产物：成分简单、盐度较小，且不含碳质包裹体。     

地质珍品——球状岩

本文介绍了一种稀少的、具特殊组构的球状岩。它发育在火成岩和变质岩地区。球状岩的主体结构由具有反差结构的同心壳层和中心核组成。组成球状岩的矿物有石英、碱性长石、斜长石等等,其化学成分变化可从过饱和系列到不饱和系列,该岩石有变质成因和岩浆成因两种假说。     

挪威西部桑夫约德含蓝闪石榴辉岩和伴生岩石的地球化学及岩石学

<正> 关于挪威西部基底片麻岩中的豆荚状和条带状榴辉岩这种“母岩”榴辉岩的成因,曾经提出两种主要假说。其一是Lappin和Smith(1978)根据局部地区的岩石学资料和野外观察提出的,认为这种母岩榴辉岩是在地幔达到平衡,由于构造活动而侵位到片麻岩中的。另一模式则提出:这种母岩榴辉岩是原地的地壳成因。至今研究过的大部分挪威母岩榴辉岩都位于诺德约德北部,而产于桑夫约德地区的榴辉岩却很少为人所知。为此,我们从该地区东部4个地点(图1)选取     

闪石的分类、命名及化学式的计算

<正> 引言 闪石是造岩矿物中最复杂的一族,化学成分变化很大,共生组合多样。从酸性岩到超基性岩,它是其中常见组分;在沉积岩里,闪石既以碎屑相又以自生相产出;在变质岩(低级到高级)里闪石是重要的成分。详细研究表明,某些地区闪石的成分随变质程度的增加而变化,但闪石成分与全岩成     

Eclogites with a short-lived granulite facies overprint in the Moldanubian Zone, Czech Republic: petrology, geochemistry and diffusion modelling of garnet zoning

The petrology and geochemistry of a newly discovered suite of high-pressure garnet + clinopyroxene-bearing rocks from the Monotonous Series of the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif, southwest Czech Republic have been investigated. Three types [common eclogites, quartz ± kyanite ± (clino)zoisite eclogites and garnet-hornblende-clinopyroxenites] are distinguished by petrography and geochemistry. All underwent a significant degree of partial breakdown under granulite and amphibolite facies conditions during exhumation. Important features include the growth of orthopyroxene in breakdown domains after garnet and omphacite and anorthite + spinel ± corundum ± exceedingly peraluminous sapphirine replacing kyanite. Garnet zoning and inclusion patterns support a prograde evolution from low pressures for at least some of the samples. The post-eclogite stage granulite facies overprint indicates that high temperatures prevailed during exhumation, but preservation of zoning in some garnets and the results of diffusion modelling suggest that this overprint took place over a very short time-scale. The geochemical and petrological results allow characteristic differences to be recognized between these eclogites and metabasites found in other tectonic units of South Bohemia and consequently the assigning of all high-pressure rocks to a single, now disrupted, tectonic unit is a gross simplification that seriously misrepresents the tectono-metamorphic history of the region.     

苏北变质地质的几个问题

本文运用构造一地层法重新厘定了苏北变质地层层序,系统研究了变质岩群序列及其接触关系、区域变质岩和变质作用、混合岩及混合岩化作用、变质变形序列和构造演化等几个主要问题。新建了东海群和“石桥群”。在特征变质矿物的研究基础上,确定了东海群是中压低角闪岩相为主,海州群和“石桥群”属高压高绿片岩相到低绿片岩相,各群都具多期变质变形。     

青海滩间山金矿床地质特征及其铅同位素组成的地质意义

滩间山金矿床产于中元古界蓟县系万洞沟群碳质糜棱片岩和华力西晚期侵入岩中。该金矿床天在热水沉积、区域变质和热变质预富集的基础上，与区域绿片岩相脆韧性剪切变形变质带的退化演化同步，经历了脆韧性、韧脆性和脆性剪切变形成矿阶段的演化，井遭受华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动的叠加改造而形成的。矿区地层、侵入岩、矿石及黄铁矿的铅同位素组成表现出良好的亲缘关系，较清楚地反映了地层和侵入岩浆活动对成矿物质的贡献。     

张八岭变质地体变质构造岩的显微构造与结构特征

本文在1／5万张八岭幅、珠龙幅区域地质调查基础上．运用微观构造与宏观构造相结合的方法，借助于现代测试技术．对张八岭变质地体山变质构造岩的显微构造与结构进行了研究。验证和深化了野外工作所观察到的现象和认识；探讨了应力和应变之间的关系；计算了差异流动古应力值；恢复了构造变动对岩石的应力状态和方位。     

Horizontal contraction or horizontal extension? Heterogeneous Late Eocene and Early Oligocene general shearing during blueschist and greenschist facies metamorphism at the Pennine–Austroalpine boundary zone in the Western Alps

Mylonitic structures related to two orogenic events are described from the upper and lower contacts of the Combin zone and the immediately overlying upper Austroalpine Dent Blanche nappe/Mont Mary klippe and the directly underlying lower Austroalpine Etirol-Levaz slice. The first event, Late Eocene in age, commenced during blueschist facies P– T conditions, but pre-dated the peak of subsequent greenschist facies overprint. The second event, Early Oligocene in age, took place during retrograde greenschist facies conditions. Most sense of shear indicators associated with the retrograde mylonites indicate top SE shearing, but subordinate top NW displacing shear sense indicators have also been mapped. Mylonitic top SE shearing appears to be restricted to the Combin zone and its upper and lower contacts. Within the Dent Blanche nappe and Mont Mary klippe and at the base of the Etirol-Levaz slice, structures were observed which developed during blueschist/greenschist facies conditions and are, in conjunction with the P– T– t history of these rocks, inferred to be older. Associated kinematic data indicate a top NW shear sense. Comparable blueschist/greenschist facies shear sense indicators have not been observed in the Combin zone. Nonetheless, the foliation in the Combin zone shows a progressive evolution from blueschist facies to greenschist facies to retrograde greenschist facies conditions. This indicates that the Combin zone and the immediately over- and underlying Austroalpine units shared a common tectono-metamorphic evolution since the Late Eocene. Finite strain data reveal oblate strain fabrics, which are thought to result from a true flattening strain geometry. Flow path modelling reveals a general non-coaxial deformation régime and corroborates significant departures from a simple shear deformation. In the study area, mylonitic top SE shearing in the Combin zone is attributed to Early Oligocene backfolding and backthrusting of the Mischabel phase. Temperature–time curves suggest slight reheating in the Monte Rosa nappe underneath and cooling in the Dent Blanche nappe above the Combin zone, hence confirming a thrust interpretation for this event. The top NW displacing structures are thought to result from Late Eocene emplacement of the Dent Blanche nappe and the Combin zone onto the Middle Pennine Barrhorn series along the Combin fault. As related structures initiated during mildly blueschist facies conditions in the Dent Blanche nappe and the underlying Combin zone and both were emplaced together onto the greenschist facial Barrhorn series, it is concluded that the structures developed as the nappes moved upward relative to the earth's surface. Thus the Combin fault is regarded as a thrust. The geometry of this structure indicates that the Combin fault is an out of sequence thrust that locally cut down section. Hence, top NW out of sequence thrusting caused local thinning of the metamorphic/structural section in association with horizontal shortening. Out of sequence thrusts cutting down section, and backthrusts, offer the possibility of explaining the pronounced break in the grade of metamorphism across the Combin fault, i.e. the contact between the eclogite facial Zermatt-Saas zone and the overlying lower grade Combin zone, by contractional deformation.     

Metamorphic evolution of eclogite and associated garnet-mica schist in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex, Ural, Russia

Metasedimentary garnet-mica schists are interlayered with metabasic garnet–omphacite schists and enclose eclogite boudins in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex in the Southern Urals, Russia. These three rock types were investigated in one outcrop and compared chemographically and thermobarometrically. The Fe/Mg distributions between garnet rim–omphacite and garnet rim–phengite pairs indicate different equilibration temperatures for the three samples, with the lowest temperature (500°C, >1.5 GPa) for the eclogite boudin, an intermediate temperature (630°C, >1.7 GPa) for the foliated eclogite and the highest temperature (650°C, >1.7 GPa) for the garnet-mica schist. The garnets in garnet-mica schist enclose abundant chloritoid relics and the Fe/Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet records an earlier high-temperature stage (650°C, >2.0 GPa) before the garnet rim–phengite temperatures were reached. Together with some minimum- and maximum-pressure estimates three different prograde pressure–temperature paths and a common retrograde metamorphic evolution are interpreted from the chemographic and thermobarometric data. The different early metamorphic evolutions and conditions confirm the variability of protoliths, which are also indicated by different U/Pb zircon and rutile ages.     

Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázne Complex, Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské Lázn complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower _Nd values (+ 5.4 to –0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low _Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

中─高级变质相中水热流体的形成与作用

固体地壳中流体是普遍存在的，中—高级变质相中的矿物并非只发生晶体塑性变形，溶解和溶移作用在非糜棱岩化岩石中占主导地位，因为高温高压环境下存在的水热流体，在变质变形作用中起着至关重要的作用。在周围分布有网络状进进剪切带的递进缩短带中，与应交梯度有直接关系的单个矿物的位错密度梯度在其晶体边缘形成，产生了化学位梯度，从而使矿物边缘发生溶解。变形分解作用是产生这一过程的动力，并为流体汇聚形成水热循环系统提供了空间。     

松潘—甘孜造山带中丹巴地区动热变质岩的地球化学特征研究

本文的研究对象为造山带中与构造运动关系密切的动热变质岩，主要从微量元素地球化学、稀土元素地球化学、p－t特征、流体包裹体特征、同位素年代学特征等方面讨论了松潘－甘孜造山带中丹巴地区动热变质岩的原岩、化学组成、变质作用演化过程以及主要变质热事件发生的时间。     

Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli orogen (NW India): an inverted Proterozoic rift basin?

The Aravalli mountain range (AMR) in the northwestern part of the Indian Peninsula consists of two main Proterozoic metasedimentary and metaigneous sequences, the Aravalli and Delhi Supergroups, respectively, which rest over the Archaean gneissic basement. A synthesis and reinterpretation of the available geological, geochronological and geophysical data, including results of own field work and geophysical interpretations pertaining to the AMR, indicate its origin as an inverted basin: rifting into granitoid basement began ca. 2.5; Ga ago with Aravalli passive rifting (ca. 2.5–2.0 Ga) and Delhi active rifting (ca. 1.9–1.6 Ga). Associated mafic igneous rocks show both continental and oceanic tholeiitic geochemistry and are comparable with Phanerozoic, rift-related magmatic products. Available data showed no conclusive evidence for oceanic lithoshere and island-arc/active margin magmatic activity in the AMR. Subsequent inversion and orogeny (Delhi orogeny, ca. 1.5-1.4 Ga) lead to complex deformation and metamorphism. Only in the western and central zones has the basement been involved in this mid-Proterozoic (Delhi) deformation, whereas it is unaffected in the eastern part, except for local shear zones mainly along the basement/cover interface. The grade of metamorphism increases from the greenschist facies in the east to the amphibolite facies in the west with local HP assemblages. These latter are explained by rapid burial and exhumation of thin and cool continental lithosphere. Subsequently, during a final, mild phase of inversion, the Vindhyan basins consisting mainly of sandstones, limestones and shales, flanking the AMR formed which are comparable to foreland basins. The tectonic evolution of the AMR is therefore interpreted as an example of a major inverted continental rift and of a Proterozoic intra-continental orogen.