近年来宁夏对沙尘天气的监测及对沙漠化防治对策

宁夏在全区范围内建立沙尘暴监测网络,开展对沙尘天气的应急监测。宁夏作为沙源区和沙尘过往的主要通道,2002年全区共监测沙尘天气12次,沙尘粒径多分布在大于2 1μm。为防治沙漠化,宁夏积极寻求国际间合作,采取退耕还林还草、划管封育、禁牧、把握人工降雨时机等一系列措施,加大对沙漠化的防治力度。     

1994—2010年东亚地区CO2浓度变化特征及成因分析

在东亚地区选取5个大气本底观测站1994年以来观测的 CO2监测资料,分析了各站大气 CO2的时空变化特征,以及 CO2主要人为源的变化及其影响。结果表明,5个本底站大气 CO2年均值均呈明显升高趋势,2010年较1994年增长幅度为8．4％～9．0％;在北半球国家,CO2月均值有明显的季节变化,高值多出现在冬春等寒冷季节,低值多出现在夏季。减少化石燃料消耗量、增加森林覆盖率及农业覆盖率将对大气中 CO2有削减作用。     

The development of a novel method for directional dust monitoring

Dust monitoring using sticky pads was popularised in the 1980s. The discolouration caused by dust adhering to white adhesive material was measured with a smoke stain reflectometer. This loss of reflectance was expressed as the percentage effective area coverage (EAC%) per day. EAC% can be used as a measure of nuisance caused by dust. EAC% may also be measured with a hand-held Sticky Pad Reader (SPR). Sticky pads can be mounted on flat or cylindrical surfaces to measure dust by deposition or in flux. An alternative method was developed in the 1990s that measured total dust coverage using computer-based scanning. DustScan used a transparent adhesive film wrapped around a vertical cylinder with magnetic north marked. The sticky pad was sealed with another transparent sheet before scanning at 50 dots per inch (dpi). Dust levels were assessed by comparing the grey-scale values of pixels in the exposed area with an unexposed reference area. Insects and other extraneous material could be ‘masked out’ from the computer analysis. Dust coverage was expressed as percentage absolute area coverage (AAC%). DustScan has subsequently been developed commercially. A limited trial indicated that monitoring periods of 7–14 days were preferred to avoid dust saturation of the sticky pad. A method for calculating EAC% has been developed and shown to have a high degree of correspondence with an SPR. A trial for the Minerals Industry Research Organisation (MIRO) made comparisons between DustScan and other dust monitoring methods. Dust nuisance limits based on AAC% and EAC% are proposed.par     

畜禽养殖场污染状况监测与评价

对河南省三个有代表性的规模化养殖场污染物排放及其对周围环境的影响进行了调查、监测及评价,结果表明,畜禽养殖污染已成为农业面源污染的重要来源,对其周围地表水和地下水产生较大影响。     

连云港市大气降尘时空分布特征

采用2018年1月—2020年2月连云港市17个监测点位降尘数据,分析连云港市大气降尘变化规律和时空分布特征.结果表明,2018年连云港市平均降尘量为11.6 t/(km2·30 d),超过江苏省考核标准[6 t/(km2·30 d)],超标倍数为0.93,其呈现出先增大再降低再增大的规律,春季、秋季降尘量最大,与大风...     

重庆市生态环境智慧监测管理体系研究

以重庆市为例,从生态环境监测管理需求出发,分析了智慧监测的现状与存在的问题,提出了构建生态环境智慧监测管理体系的技术路线。以监测业务为核心,涵盖水、气、声、态、土等多种要素,构建了要素齐全、上下统筹、自动预警、服务应用的生态环境监测网络,实现了环境质量、污染源和生态状况监测全覆盖,预期取得规范监测业务流程、促进监测业务协同、加快产学研用结合等成效。     

长江水环境质量监测网络运行体系初步构建

为精准、客观、全面评价长江水环境质量和支撑长江大保护,通过研究制定一系列管理制度和技术规范,以优化调整的水环境质量监测网络为基础,建立了涉及管理制度、监测技术、质量控制和数据审核等方面的水质自动监测与采测分离手工监测相结合的网络运行机制。研究自动与手工监测的总磷前处理方式,实现了自动与手工监测数据的匹配和融合,并将融合数据应用于长江水环境质量评价、预警、考核与排名,实现了长江水环境质量监测网络的业务化运行。     

湖泊蓝藻水华监测与评价探讨

以长期的湖泊蓝藻监测实践工作为基础,提出了湖泊蓝藻水华监测的点位布设、采样（频次、层次、采集量等）、分析鉴定等技术方法,以太湖为例,在对近几年蓝藻水华暴发情况进行统计分析基础上,制定了蓝藻水华状况的定性描述、蓝藻水华暴发的等级划分标准。     

扬尘污染精细化管控思路探讨

通过分析传统扬尘污染防治模式的弊端,提出了一种“精准监测、排量切入、总量考核、职责共担”的新模式。该模式在技术手段上使用以扬尘在线监测数据为基准的扬尘排放量计算模式,以及基于机器学习的扬尘源排放量计算方法,实现了扬尘排放量的自动、实时、在线计算;在管理手段上将传统的扬尘浓度点控制转变为易扬尘单位扬尘排量控制,通过总量控制、指标分解,增强了政府与企业对于环境效益的职责分工,有助于将扬尘防控责任有效落实,实现对扬尘污染的精细化、常态化管控。     

低浓度石油类监测与评价的问题探讨

分析表明,当地表水中石油类浓度很低时,受多方面因素影响,其监测结果的准确性和评价结论的可靠性会下降,应选用合适的监测方法,同时要注意引入污染问题。