Environmental Assessment of Water, Sediment and Plants in the Mankyeong River, ROK

This study was carried out to evaluate water quality, sediment and plant vegetation in eight tributaries of the Mankyeong River for enhancement of natural purification. Among the tributaries, the Iksancheon water had the highest concentration of BOD, T–N and NH₄–N due to inflow of swine wastes from the livestock district. The Yucheon water had the highest level of electrical conductivity and SO ₄ ^2– due to inflow of mis-treated wastewater from industrial districts. The Tabcheon had generally similar concentrations of nitrogen and phosphate to that of the upstream of the Mankyeong River: agricultural activity along the Tabcheon appeared to have little negative influence to the water quality. Among various sediments, concentration of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphate were high in the Iksancheon and the Yucheon due to the livestock wastes and industrial wastes. There were 282 species of plants during summer with 43 aquatic plants, 57 hydrophytes, 178 waterside plants and 4 terrestrial plants. Some plant resources were recommended due to much absorption of nitrogen and phosphate for enhancement of natural purification. C. demersum and H. verticillata were recommended in the submerged aquatic plants, H. dubia, N. indica and N. subinteperrimum in the floating leaf aquatic plants, P. communis, Z. latifolia and T. orientalis in the emerged aquatic plants, C. scutata and P. distichum in the waterside plants.     

Community structure and biotic integrity of aquatic plants along the North Canal in Beijing北大核心CSCD

Aquatic plants along the North Canal in Beijing were studied to identify the community structure of aquatic plants and vegetation index of biotic integrity (VIBI), and to provide scientific basis for the management and protection of urban rivers. Aquatic plants from 49 sampling sites along the North Canal were investigated during June 2015. Based on the field data, distributing range analysis, discriminatory power analysis, and correlation analysis were used stepwise to select core metrics from candidate metrics to establish the VIBI assessment system. The VIBI value of each sampling site was calculated as the average of the scaled values of all core metrics. Thirty-six aquatic plant species, including 14 hygrophytes, 13 emergent species, 6 submergent species, 2 floating-leaved species, and 1 floating species were collected. Species diversity was low in the North Canal, and no aquatic plants were recorded in 28 sampling sites, of which 9 sampling sites were dried up. Five sites were in excellent condition (VIBI > 0.60), 5 were good (0.60 > VIBI > 0.38), 7 were fair (0.38 > VIBI > 0.23), and 4 were poor (VIBI < 0.23). Based on the distribution of VIBI, Shahe River and Wenyu River upstream, and Fenghe River located in suburbs had a higher VIBI. Downstream tributaries, such as Qinghe River, Bahe River, and Liangshui River, had a lower VIBI. Correlation analysis showed that habitat quality, habitat complexity, and vegetation diversity along riparian zones were the important factors affecting VIBI along the North Canal, Beijing. Aquatic plants along the North Canal showed low species diversity owing to human disturbance. VIBI along tributaries with limited disturbance from human activities was higher; however, VIBI along tributaries disturbed by frequent human activities was lower. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Pollution of River Mahaweli and farmlands under irrigation by cadmium from agricultural inputs leading to a chronic renal failure epidemic among farmers in NCP, Sri Lanka

Chronic renal failure (CRF) associated with elevated dietary cadmium (Cd) among farming communities in the irrigated agricultural area under the River Mahaweli diversion scheme has reached a significantly higher level of 9,000 patients. Cadmium, derived from contaminated phosphate fertilizer, in irrigation water finds its way into reservoirs, and finally to food, causing chronic renal failure among consumers. Water samples of River Mahaweli and its tributaries in the upper catchment were analyzed to assess the total cadmium contamination of river water and the possible source of cadmium. Except a single tributary (Ulapane Stream, 3.9?μg?Cd/l), all other tested tributaries carried more than 5?μg?Cd/l, the maximum concentration level accepted to be safe in drinking water. Seven medium-sized streams carrying surface runoff from tea estates had 5.1-10?μg?Cd/l. Twenty larger tributaries (Oya), where the catchment is under vegetable and home garden cultivation, carried 10.1-15?μg?Cd/l. Nine other major tributaries had extremely high levels of Cd, reaching 20?μg?Cd/l. Using geographic information system (GIS), the area in the catchment of each tributary was studied. The specific cropping system in each watershed was determined. The total cadmium loading from each crop area was estimated using the rates and types of phosphate fertilizer used by the respective farmers and the amount of cadmium contained in each type of fertilizer used. Eppawala rock phosphate (ERP), which is mostly used in tea estates, caused least pollution. The amount of cadmium in tributaries had a significant positive correlation with the cadmium loading of the cropping system. Dimbula Tea Estate Stream had the lowest Cd loading (495.9?g/ha/year), compared with vegetable-growing areas in Uma Oya catchment with 50,852.5?g?Cd/ha/year. Kendall's τ rank correlation value of total Cd loading from the catchment by phosphate fertilizer used in all crops in the catchment to the Cd content in the tributaries was +0.48. This indicated a major contribution by the cropping system in the upper catchment area of River Mahaweli to the eventual Cd pollution of river water. Low soil pH (4.5-5.2), higher organic matter content (2-3%), and 18-20?cmol/kg cation exchange capacity (CEC) in upcountry soil have a cumulative effect in the easy release of Cd from soil with the heavy surface runoff in the upcountry wet zone. In view of the existing water conveyance system from upcountry to reservoirs in North Central Province (NCP) through diversion of River Mahaweli, in addition to their own nonpoint pollution by triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP), this demands a change in overall upper catchment management to minimize Cd pollution through agriculture inputs to prevent CRF due to elevated dietary cadmium among NCP farmers.     

珠江水质和含氮消毒副产物的时空变化

研究区域是珠江广东省段的3条干流(西江、北江、东江)及交汇处(广州),目标是研究分析2年内29个采样点的常规水质指标的时空变化及溶解性有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)对于消毒副产物生成势(specific disinfection byproduct formation potential,SDBPFP)的影响.结果表明,对于常规水质指标浓度而言,在时间上,西江、北江、东江三者基本无变化,但交汇处有稍微的变化,一般在7、10月份浓度偏高;在空间上,各干流及交汇处沿径流方向浓度呈逐渐增大趋势,且交汇处水质指标的浓度普遍高于干流.水体的PO34-浓度、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)浓度最高分别超出《国家地表水环境质量》Ⅴ类水质标准10倍、4倍.溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)浓度与UV254呈良好的线性关系,R2=0.901;但DON与卤乙腈(halogenacetonitrile,HANs)浓度的线性关系较差,R2为0.440.卤乙腈生成势(specific halogen acetonitrile formationpotential,SHANFP)与DOC/DON比值基本无线性关系.     

梯级河滩湿地模型对受污染河水氮磷和CODCr的净化效果

在贾鲁河畔构建3组并联的梯级河滩湿地模型,引种9种不同类型的湿地植物进行筛选试验,将湿地模型串联运行比较研究3种不同植物配置的梯级湿地对受污染河水的净化效果,在此基础上设定12h和24h等两组不同水力滞留时间,研究延长滞留时间对水质净化效果的影响。试验结果表明：对氮磷和有机物的去除效果挺水植物明显好于沉水植物,其中茭草（Zizania caduciflora）、荆三棱（Scirpus fluviatilis）和狭叶香蒲（Typha angustifolia）去除效果最好;沉水植物和挺水植物对氨氮的去除表现好于浮叶植物;延长水力滞留时间对改善水质净化效果明显,滞留时间由12h延长到24h后,TN、TP、氨氮和CODCr去除率分别提高10.2%、21.7%、30.2%和12.9%,对氨氮的净化效果改善最为明显;挺水植物＋沉水植物＋浮叶植物组合较单纯挺水植物组合在对氨氮和TN去除效果方面表现出较明显的优势,主要是由于不同类型湿地植物所营造的好氧、厌氧环境提高了对氨氮和TN去除效果。研究结果证明在湿地植被组建中,根据进水水质,应灵活选择植物种类,进行合理的植物配置,可提高湿地的净化效果。     

生态沟渠净化稻田排水动力学分析和生物相特征

本研究以太湖流域常见的菱角、水葫芦、梭鱼草、圆币草等水生植物和人工水草、塑料立体弹性填料为生态强化载体,构建"水生植物-载体生物膜-菌藻"复合型生态系统,研究了稻田排水中的氮、磷等营养元素的去除特性,构建氮、磷污染物的降解动力学模型,并调查了沟渠内"微生物-藻类"生物相特征.结果表明,生态沟渠运行期间,随着水稻进入不同的生长阶段,系统内氮、磷等营养元素的去除率都呈普遍下降趋势,总磷、氨氮、总氮、硝态氮平均去除率分别达到87.1%、92.3%、77.5%、88.6%,其中氨氮的去除率最高,化学需氧量(CODMn)的去除效果并不显著,各实验周期的污染物降解趋势均符合一级动力学降解模型.经生物相分析揭示:随着复合生态系统运行延续,系统内微生物、藻类的种类及Shannon-Weiner index等多样性指数呈不断增长趋势,表明复合生态系统水质改善后更适于多种类细菌与藻类生存与繁殖;复合生态系统中的菌、藻、水生植物及其表面附着的生物膜对污染物的去除具有协同作用,强化了生态沟渠的自净能力.     

袁河水系溶解态痕量金属元素分布特征及来源分析

为研究袁河水系水体溶解态痕量金属元素污染来源与水质状况,分别于2018年7月和2019年1月在袁河干流和支流采集38个表层水样,检测了痕量金属元素Cr、Fe、Mn、As、Al、Cd、Ni和Tl的浓度.采用单因素方差分析分析袁河水系痕量金属元素的时空特征,基于痕量金属元素水质指数评价袁河痕量金属元素污染程度,采用相关分析、主成分分析探讨痕量金属元素污染的主要来源.结果表明,袁河部分金属元素时间或空间差异显著,Cr、Cd、As浓度在丰、枯水期之间差异显著,Fe、Cd、Tl浓度在干、支流之间差异显著.袁河丰、枯水期污染程度相似,主要污染河段位于宜春河段和新余河段,重度污染采样点基本上位于支流.痕量金属元素中Cr、Fe、As主要来源于城市废水,工业活动和采矿活动;Ni、Cd、Tl主要来源于生活污水和工业废水;Mn、Al主要来源于自然活动和采矿活动.本研究可以为袁河流域的痕量金属元素污染治理提供科学依据.     

基于高通量分析方法的长江干流重庆段抗生素种类特征及来源初探

采用高通量分析方法对长江干流重庆段11个流域断面、2个市政污水处理厂进水和6个养殖场废水的潜在抗生素进行筛查,并结合抗生素使用调查探讨其来源。结果表明,(1)共检出83种抗生素,其中流域内检出36种,污水处理厂和养殖场废水中检出70种;磺胺间甲氧嘧啶检出率最高,在流域水体和废水的检出率分别为91%和55%,喹诺酮类是检出抗生素的主要类型;(2)长江干流重庆段下游检出抗生素数量高于上游检出抗生素;(3)有20种抗生素可能由上游携带和重庆市内排放2种方式进入流域,7种抗生素可能由上游携带入境,9种抗生素可能由重庆市内排放引入长江。     

Estimating river flow effects on water ages by hydrodynamic modeling in Little Manatee River estuary, Florida, USA

The water age in a tidal river in Florida, Little Manatee River, has been investigated in this study by the application of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. In response to a pulse dye release in the upper end of the river boundary, the hydrodynamic model determines the water age for a given location by recording the time for the dye to reach the given river location. The hydrodynamic model uses horizontal curvilinear orthogonal grids to represent the complex river system that includes several bayous and tributaries. The model has was calibrated and verified in previous study by using two continuous data sets for a 6 month period. Satisfactory model verifications indicate that the hydrodynamic model is capable of quantifying the mixing and transport process for calculating the water age in the tidal river. For 17 freshwater inflow scenarios in the Little Manatee River, the hydrodynamic model was applied to simulate water ages along the main channel of the river at 2-km interval. Flow rates in the 17 scenarios varying from 0.26 to 76.56 m³/s cover the range of the observed flows in the Little Manatee River. Water ages from model predictions range from the minimum 1.2 days under the maximum 76.56 m³/s inflow condition to the 50 days under the minimum 0.26 m³/s inflow condition. Empirical regression equations at three selected stations, with the correlation coefficient R² above 0.96, were derived from numerical model simulations to correlate water ages to freshwater inflows. The empirical water-age equation derived from hydrodynamic model simulations can be used to provide quick and low-cost estimations of water ages in response to various inflow scenarios for studying physical–chemical and biological processes in the river.     

Management of nutrient emissions of Axios River catchment: Their effect in the coastal zone of Thermaikos Gulf,Greece

The estimation of nutrient fluxes, the determination of spatial and temporal response and the understanding of biogeochemical changes in the past, present and future in the Axios River catchment, in Greece, as well as the impacts to the coastal zone of Thermaikos Gulf were accomplished by the use of harmonized watershed and coastal zone models. The mathematical model MONERIS was the watershed management model that was used to model the export loads of nutrients in Axios River. MONERIS was developed to estimate the nutrient inputs into river basins by point sources and various diffuse pathways. Watershed hydrologic and water quality data were collected and synthesized to develop input data sets for the simulation of Axios River catchment. The model was modified to better assess organic nitrogen export loads in Mediterranean watersheds. The results showed the importance of agricultural and livestock activities, concerning their nutrients emissions in the River. MONERIS was integrated with the coastal zone model WASP 6.0 to assess the impacts of the nutrient loads to the eutrophication status of the coastal zone. Several management scenarios were assessed. Management scenarios included measures for reduction in the emissions from the fertilizer plant of Veles, removal of phosphorous from the detergents in FYROM, treatment of urban wastes to EU Standards, reduction in N-fertilizer input, reduction in erosion and the green scenario that represented the maximum reduction scenario of all the measures together. The model simulations indicated that the coastal zone of Axios mouth will be eutrophic for nitrate (2.69–3.34 μM) and phosphate (0.2–0.68 μM) and upper mesotrophic for chlorophyll-a (0.74–1.45 μg/l) for the scenarios tested. The results suggest that the impact of the management scenarios will be largely negligible (no change in trophic status) for the Thermaikos Gulf sector nearby the Axios River due to additional sources such as the loads from Thessaloniki's waste water treatment plant which appear to affect the region to a greater extent. The integration of watershed and coastal zone models can be used to assess management scenarios in order to illustrate the significance of various land use practices to the eutrophication of the Gulf.     

Environmental quality and its impact on the local economy: A case study from Dongguan,South China

Industries that pollute the environment developed in the early 1990s in Dongguan City, especially those in the middle and lower valley of the Dongjiang River (waterside area) have seriously affected water and air quality and hence have affected soil quality through polluted water irrigation and precipitation. Investigation of the economic growth and environmental pollution in the 32 township units in the City from 1990 to 2000 also reveals that environmental pollution has affected the history of the development of the towns or townships in the waterside region in the delta of the River Dongjiang, especially the towns near the river mouth, and has prevented their industry from upgrading and hence has slowed down their economic growth. The impact of environmental pollution on economic growth is most severe in the towns along the lower valley, or in down-wind regions. In contrast, economic development in the protected area of the upper valley of the waterside region indicates that environmental protection that strictly controls the discharge of pollutants does not restrict the development of the local economy.     

漓江桂林市区段夏季浮游植物群落特征与水质评价

浮游植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落结构变化与水体环境条件密切相关,能直接影响水生态系统的功能,是水环境质量优劣的重要指示因子之一。为揭示漓江流域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水质的相互关系,2012年8月对漓江桂林市区段干流（桂林赵家桥村至桂林王家村）的理化指标及浮游植物的群落组成分布进行了分析研究,并结合水体理化指标和生物指数对漓江水质进行了评价。结果表明,漓江水体高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷、氨氮的变化范围依次为1.80-6.20、1.12-2.68、0.022-0.282、0.34-1.73 mg·L-1,其含量在上游变化平稳,到三条支流汇入处大幅增高,最高值均出现在南溪河入口处。共调查到浮游植物7门60属128种,其中硅藻50种（占种类组成的39.06%）,绿藻52种（占40.63%）,蓝藻16种（占12.50%）,裸藻7种（占5.47%）,黄藻、金藻和甲藻各1种（分别占0.78%）。优势种依次为冠盘藻（S. tephanodiscus）、蛋白核小球藻（C. pyrenoidosa）、喙头舟形藻（N.rhynchocephala）、短小舟形藻（N.exigua）、广缘小环藻（C.Bodanica）、四尾栅藻（S.quadricanda）和肘状针杆藻（S. ulna）。浮游植物密度为10.3×10^4-1047.0×10^4ind.·L^-1,平均密度为474.7×10^4 ind.·L^-1,其中密度最小的是赵家桥村,密度最大的是南溪河入口;种类上绿藻门占据多数,密度和优势种分布上以硅藻居多,总体上属于硅藻-绿藻型水体。浮游植物多样性指数Shannon-Wiener指数（H）在1.60-4.27之间,Simpson指数（D）在2.24-12.74之间,水质总体上为清洁-轻度污染。Margalef指数（d）在1.85-4.23之间,Pielou指数（J）在0.40-0.83之间,指数值总体较高,漓江水体中浮游植物群落结构比较稳定,受外界环境的影响较小。漓江干流水质总体上属于Ⅱ-Ⅲ类水体,在支流汇入处理化指标浓度增加,浮游植物多样性指     

Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction, waste treatment, and nonpoint source pollution control: a review

Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering, emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio. They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed.     

Land use change and nitrogen enrichment of a Rocky Mountain watershed.

Headwater ecosystems may have a limited threshold for retaining and removing nutrients delivered by certain types of land use. Nitrogen enrichment was studied in a Rocky Mountain watershed undergoing rapid expansion of population and residential development. Study sites were located along a 30-km transect from the headwaters of the Blue River to Lake Dillon, a major source of drinking water for Denver, Colorado. Ground water in residential areas with septic systems showed high concentrations of nitrate-N (4.96 +/- 1.22 mg/L, mean +/- SE), and approximately 40% of wells contained nitrate with delta15N values in the range of wastewater. Concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in tributaries with residential development peaked during spring snowmelt as concentrations of DIN declined to below detection limits in undeveloped tributaries. Annual export of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was considerably lower in residential streams, suggesting a change in forms of N with development. The seasonal delta15N of algae in residential streams was intermediate between baseline values from undeveloped streams and stream algae grown on wastewater. Between 19% and 23% of the annual N export from developed tributaries was derived from septic systems, as estimated from the delta15N of algae. This range was similar to the amount of N export above background determined independently from mass-balance estimates. From a watershed perspective, total loading of N to the Blue River catchment from septic and municipal wastewater (2 kg x ha(-1) x yr(-1)) is currently less than the amount from background atmospheric sources (3 kg x ha(-1) x yr(-1)). Nonetheless, nitrate-N concentrations exceeded limits for safe drinking water in some groundwater wells (10 mg/L), residential streams showed elevated seasonal patterns of nitrate-N concentration and ratios of DIN to total dissolved phosphorus, and seasonal minimum concentrations of nitrate-N in Lake Dillon have increased exponentially to 80 microg/L over the last decade from an initial value near zero. Results suggest that isotopic ratios in autotrophs can be used to detect and quantify increases in N enrichment associated with land use change. The biotic capacity of headwater ecosystems to assimilate increases in inorganic N from residential development may be insufficient to prevent nitrogen enrichment over considerable distances and multiple aquatic ecosystems downstream.     

不同水生植物配置对河涌污水的净化效果

研究不同配置的挺水植物组合对河涌污水污染物的净化效果,为在河涌污水治理上构建有效的人工湿地植物处理系统提供依据。选择10种净化能力较强的挺水植物,组成6种不同配置的挺水植物组合,采用无土栽培的方式模拟人工湿地的环境进行静态培养试验,测定出不同水生植物组合及在不同污水的停留时间（HRT）下对河涌污水污染物的去除率。6种不同配置的水生植物组合在HRT为5 d时对NH4＋-N、TN、TP、CODCr、BOD5的去除率（平均去除率分别为98.2%、81.2%、91.3%、71.8%、79.4%）均较高;以组合1：香根草Vetiveria zizanioides＋风车草Cyperus alternifolius＋美人蕉Canna indica＋菖蒲Acorus calamus＋再力花Thalia dealbata的处理效果为最佳。不同水生植物系统对污水的净化效率取决于HRT,当HRT从1～5 d时,NH4＋-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅均逐渐增加,当HRT从5～7 d时,NH4＋-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅却均迅速下降;说明3种不同配置的水生植物系统对河涌污水NH4＋-N、TN、TP的净化效率均以HRT为5 d时最高。     

湿地土壤因素对污水处理作用的模拟研究

人工湿地是近年来发展较快的污水处理设置,本文用室内模拟的方法研究了湿地土壤在处理生活污水的作用。结果表明,在排除了植物因子的前提下,人工湿地土壤－生生物系统对污水的民人仍具有良好的去除作用。系统不同单位区段对污水中的总有机碳（ＴＯＣ）,总氮（ＴＮ）去除率存在差异,在第一个单位区段的处理效率最高,分别达４８％和３８％,远大于第二、三、四区段,土壤吸收吸附磷的过程中存在着积累现象,土壤磷浓度在第一区段     

不同水生植物配置对河涌污水的净化效果

研究不同配置的挺水植物组合对河涌污水污染物的净化效果,为在河涌污水治理上构建有效的人工湿地植物处理系统提供依据。选择10种净化能力较强的挺水植物,组成6种不同配置的挺水植物组合,采用无土栽培的方式模拟人工湿地的环境进行静态培养试验,测定出不同水生植物组合及在不同污水的停留时间(HRT)下对河涌污水污染物的去除率。6种不同配置的水生植物组合在HRT为5 d时对NH4+-N、TN、TP、CODCr、BOD5的去除率(平均去除率分别为98.2%、81.2%、91.3%、71.8%、79.4%)均较高;以组合1:香根草Vetiveria zizanioides+风车草Cyperus alternifolius+美人蕉Canna indica+菖蒲Acorus calamus+再力花Thalia dealbata的处理效果为最佳。不同水生植物系统对污水的净化效率取决于HRT,当HRT从1～5 d时,NH4+-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅均逐渐增加,当HRT从5～7 d时,NH4+-N、TN、TP去除率每天的增幅却均迅速下降;说明3种不同配置的水生植物系统对河涌污水NH4+-N、TN、TP的净化效率均以HRT为5 d时...     

Metal pollution status of Tajan River – Northern Iran

The monitoring of surface water quality of rivers is crucial to protect aquatic life and receiving water bodies of economic importance. The aim of the current study was to examine selected physicochemical parameters of River Tajan due to its ecological importance in Iran. Water samples from nine points covering the entire Tajan River and Caspian Sea estuary were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), carbonates, chlorides and selected heavy metals including zinc, cadmium, lead and chromium. The pH and levels of EC, TDS, chlorides, carbonates and all metals were within the USEPA reference guidelines for surface water quality standards. Although these water quality parameters are considered safe, continuous monitoring and assessment is recommended in order to protect the coastal receiving waters of Caspian Sea which serves as a tourist attraction in northern Iran.     

广东集约化养猪业的环境影响及其防治对策

分析和评价了广东省养猪场粪尿废水排放总量、污染物排放强度和废水治理现状,指出集约化养猪业对地表水、地下水、空气污染的严重性。养猪业排放的团体废弃物总量超过生活垃圾与了业固体废物总量;COD排放总量与生活废水及工业废水排放COD总量接近,并已排放大量的N、P、K等营养盐。养猪业已成为主要的有机污染源和N等营养盐污染源,分析厂养猪业污染防治中存在的问题,提出采用综合防治的方法解决广东省集约化养猪场污染问题。     

几种植物在生长过程中对人工湿地污水处理效果的影响

不同的植物及植物的不同生长阶段对人工湿地系统污水处理效果都有影响。对几种华南地区常见的湿地植物在其不同生长阶段处理污水的效果进行了研究,采用了不种植物的沙滤系统作对照。结果表明:(1)植物生长过程中,植物高度能反映污水处理效果总体上的变化;(2)在植物的生长过程中,各人工湿地系统污水处理能力总体上持续增强,各水质指标pH、DO、TN、NH3-N、NO3-N、TP和CODCr等均呈下降趋势,其中TP和CODCr呈逐步下降,pH、DO、TN、NH3-N、NO3-N则呈现锯齿形波动,但总体上仍是下降过程;(3)植物系统氮处理能力好于无植物沙滤系统,而对磷TP和CODCr的去除则恰好相反;(4)不同植物对人工湿地污水的处理效果影响不明显。研究结果对探讨人工湿地污水处理规律和植物在人工湿地中的作用提供了新的科学依据,并为指导人工湿地工程的运行提供了参考。