共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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我国典型流域镉水质基准研究 总被引:14,自引:7,他引:7
对《我国淡水水生生物镉基准研究》一文推算的国家镉基准进行了修正,采用“重新计算法”推算了我国典型流域的镉生物基准,并以辽河上游的大伙房水库为试点,利用“水效应比值法”推算了区域镉基准. 结果表明:我国国家镉急性和慢性基准分别修正为1.81和0.21 μg/L;珠江流域、长江流域、太湖流域和辽河流域的镉急性基准分别为3.60,3.61,3.19和2.95 μg/L;镉慢性基准分别为1.39,0.06,0.04和0.04 μg/L;大伙房水库镉急性和慢性基准分别为2.72和0.05 μg/L. 流域及区域的镉急性基准值全部大于国家急性基准值,但大部分镉慢性基准都严于国家慢性基准. 相似文献
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徐玉宏 《环境与可持续发展》2009,34(2)
环境现状监测是环境影响评价的基础和依据.本文结合环境影响评价现状监测的工作实践,阐述了环境影响评价现状监测中存在的实际问题,分析了其产生的原因,并提出了解决这些问题的对策. 相似文献
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农村生活污水处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
农村城市化发展迅速,而农村水污染情况日益严重,已对农村地区的水体、土地等自然环境产生严重影响。为建立和谐新农村,保障农村生活质量提高,缩小城乡差距,必须重视农村水源安全。本文就农村生活污水处理技术进行讨论,为农村发展提供参考。 相似文献
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酸雨的危害及防治措施 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
曹仁江 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2003,23(4):6-8
酸雨已被公认为全球性的重大环境问题之一,文中对酸雨的定义及形成的原因进行了分析,以实例详细论述了酸雨的危害性,提出探讨性的防治措施。 相似文献
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通过对抚顺市的TSP污染来源进行分析,得出全市TSP的污染来源贡献率,从而制定污染防治对策。 相似文献
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一种船舶用钢预膜缓蚀剂的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的研究CP-CI021海水介质预膜缓蚀剂的缓蚀行为及复配工艺。方法主要采用失重法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究CP-CI021对Q235碳钢在海水介质中的缓蚀行为,并优化出预膜缓蚀剂最佳复配工艺。结果 CP-CI021预膜缓蚀剂具有优异的缓蚀性能,经预膜处理的Q235碳钢测试的EIS阻抗模值增大了2个数量级。结论得到了预膜缓蚀剂的最佳复配工艺,有机膦PHA质量浓度为7.3 g/L,助剂A质量浓度为3 g/L,助剂B质量浓度为5 g/L,缓蚀效率高达98.4%。 相似文献
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中国环境影响评价(EIA)中的公众参与 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
探讨了中国在环境保护领域中公众参与的政治法律背景、社会机制和优缺点等理论问题,分析了中国EIA以及公众参与的形式、内容发生模转变的驱动对发展和加强中国的公众参与提出了一些对策建议。 相似文献
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U.G. Yasantha Abeysundara Sandhya Babel Mongkut Piantanakulchai 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(2):231-238
This paper presents a method to facilitate the decision-making process in selecting sustainable floors (elements) for buildings in Sri Lanka, taking into consideration environmental, economic and social assessments of materials used for these elements. Two types of elements are selected for this study, namely, tile and vinyl tile. Environmental burdens associated with these elements are analyzed in terms of embodied energy and environmental impacts that are relevant to Sri Lanka, such as global warming, acidification and nutrient enrichment. Economic analysis is based on market prices and affordability of materials. Factors considered for the social analysis are thermal comfort, good interior (aesthetics), ability to construct fast, strength and durability. It was found that tile elements are superior to vinyl tile elements on environmental scores if processes of complete life cycle of these elements are taken into account. On social score also, tile elements (104.8) are better than vinyl tile elements (51.15). But on economic score, vinyl tile elements are better. These scores are presented in a matrix which will help in selecting sustainable floor coverings for buildings. 相似文献
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Yongxin Zhang Yanping Yang Yue Gong Ying Wang Xuecheng Wu Zhiying Zhou Weiguo Weng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):212-221
Vessel emissions have contributed a great deal to air quality deterioration in China. Hence,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations. It is in this context that vessel emission control technology research is in full swing. In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan, the air pollution control technology of vessels has greatly improved. Vessel emission control has followed two main governance routes: source emission reduction and aftertreatment technology... 相似文献
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Emergetic ternary diagrams: five examples for application in environmental accounting for decision-making 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(1):63-74
In a recent paper, “A combined tool for environmental scientists and decision makers: ternary diagrams and emergy accounting.” [Giannetti BF, Barrella FA, Almeida CMVB. A combined tool for environmental scientists and decision makers: ternary diagrams and emergy accounting. J Clean Prod, in press] Ternary diagrams were proposed as a graphical tool to assist emergy analysis. The graphical representation of the emergy accounting data makes it possible to compare processes and systems with and without ecosystem services, to evaluate improvements and to follow the system performance over time. The graphic tool is versatile and adaptable to represent products, processes, systems, countries, and different periods of time.The use and the versatility of ternary diagrams for assisting in performing emergy analyses are illustrated by means of five examples taken from the literature, which are presented and discussed. It is shown that emergetic ternary diagram's properties assist the assessment of the system efficiency, its dependence upon renewable and non-renewable inputs and the environmental support for dilution and abatement of process emissions. With the aid of ternary diagrams, details such as the interaction between systems and between systems and the environment are recognized and evaluated. Such a tool for graphical analysis allows a transparent presentation of the results and can serve as an interface between emergy scientists and decision makers, provided the meaning of each line in the diagram is carefully explained and understood. 相似文献
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Shuang Gao Patrick L. Gurian Paul R. Adler Sabrina Spatari Ram Gurung Saurajyoti Kar Stephen M. Ogle William J. Parton Stephen J. Del Grosso 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(8):1281-1301
Biofuels vary greatly in their carbon intensity, depending on the specifics of how they are produced. Policy frameworks are needed to ensure that biofuels actually achieve intended reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Current approaches do not account for important variables during cultivation that influence emissions. Estimating emissions based on biogeochemical models would allow accounting of farm-specific conditions, which in turn provides an incentive for producers to adopt low emissions practices. However, there are substantial uncertainties in the application of biogeochemical models. This paper proposes a policy framework that manages this uncertainty while retaining the ability of the models to account for (and hence incentivize) low emissions practices. The proposed framework is demonstrated on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the cultivation of winter barley. The framework aggregates uncertainties over time, which (1) avoids penalizing producers for uncertainty in weather, (2) allows for a high degree of confidence in the emissions reductions achieved, and (3) attenuates the uncertainty penalties borne by producers within a timescale of several years. Results indicate that with effective management, N2O emissions from feedstock cultivation may be <?5% of the carbon intensity of gasoline, whereas the existing policy approach estimates emissions >?20% of the carbon intensity of gasoline. If these emissions reductions are monetized, the framework can provide up to $0.002 per liter credits (0.8 cents per gallon) to fuel producers, which could incentivize emissions mitigation practices by biofuel feedstock suppliers, such as avoiding fall N application on silty clay loam soils. The conservatism in the current approach fails to incentivize the adoption of biofuels, while the lack of specificity fails to incentivize site-level mitigation practices. Improved uncertainty accounting and consideration of farm-level practices will incentivize mitigation efforts at landscape to global scales. 相似文献
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<正>河口地区是遭受气候变化影响最为严重的区域之一。密集的人口、繁荣的经济使得河口城市根据当地的气候变化威胁制定相应的适应策略变得尤为重要和紧迫。英国伦敦、美国纽约和新奥尔良、日本东京、加拿大温哥华等国际重要河口城市已经制定了详尽的适应气候变化策略,其中有很多有益的经验值得我国的河口城市学 相似文献
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2013-2015年上海市霾污染事件潜在源区贡献分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
统计分析2013-2015年上海市每个月不同空气质量等级天数比重,根据HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)后向轨迹模型对3年内的12月份影响上海地区的污染气团进行了综合聚类分析和逐年聚类分析.在综合12次严重霾事件的后向轨迹基础上,结合上海实时公布的PM2.5小时浓度资料,对潜在源贡献因子PSCF(Potential Source Contribution Function)和浓度权重轨迹CWT(Concentration-weighted Trajectory)进行分析与比较,研究重霾期间影响上海PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区及不同源区对PM2.5质量浓度的贡献差异.结果显示,上海市3年期间12月份霾颗粒物外来源主要输送渠道为西北路径和北方路径,源自于西北方向的气团比重占总气团的50.4%,北方向的气团几乎都经过海洋后进入上海地区.影响上海地区PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区主要分布在安徽、江苏和山东地区,此外江西北部、浙江北部、河北南部及山西少部分地区也对重霾事件中的污染物颗粒有一定程度的贡献. 相似文献