GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用

在对GIS系统的组成及主要功能进行介绍的基础上,综合性地阐述了GIS技术在环境影响评价中的应用。GIS技术可对环境影响进行模拟和预测,在环境影响评价中可对环境因素的确立、环境质量的描述和预测进行分析,并为环境政策的制定提供科学依据。     

生态保护红线在实践过程中的问题剖析——以湖北宜昌为例

宜昌市生态保护红线于2015年1月正式颁布实施,文章结合宜昌市生态保护红线的应用情况,剖析了生态功能红线、水环境质量红线及大气环境质量红线在实践过程中存在的主要问题,同时,对生态保护红线管理机制需要解决的重点问题进行了阐述。     

环评工作中引入政策环评的思考

从项目环评和环境规划两个层次，以实例阐述了环境影响评价制度在控制新污染、保护生态环境、实施可持续发展战略方面发挥的重要作用，提出政策环评对指导我国经济发展具有主要作用，应该早日纳入环评工作内容。     

环境估值的方法和应用

由于缺乏理化的经济指标，在经济发展中环境所创造的价值以及环境质量的退化所造成的损失被人们所忽视。解释了环境价值评估的概念，论述了环境估值在国民经济发展、国民核算体系的调整、项目政策的评价等方面中的作用和重要性，以简要的实例介绍了环境价值评估方法的应用。     

我国实施清洁生产的法制建设的探讨

阐述了我国推行清洁生产的现状和所面临的特殊性和普遍性障碍,提出了推行清洁生产的方式选择,以及将清洁生产融入现行环境各项具体制度的内容,并建议我国制定环境政策应向“第二代环境政策”转变。     

Developing policy integrating sustainability: A case study into aviation

Support for the notion that policy should embrace sustainability is widespread but the actual incorporation of the concept into policy is proving to be difficult. To insert the word into a policy document, accompanied by some marginal changes, is enough to allow policy makers to claim that sustainability has been considered. The novel research reported here has applied sustainability analysis to the case of aviation which is one of the areas of policy where the conflict between environmental and economic objectives is most intense. It was found that sustainable policy options are blocked whilst sustainability is regarded as an add-on to existing policy. The policy stalemate exists because it is neither understood nor accepted that sustainability requires systemic change. The empirical stage of the research comprised 28 stakeholder interviews and identified four categories of action with the potential to break the stalemate in aviation which could be applied also to other areas of policy: long-term strategic planning; facilitation of dialogue between stakeholders; government support for innovation; and educating the public. The study concluded that fundamental change to the process of crafting policy is required if sustainability is to fulfil its potential to reconcile environmental and economic objectives.     

我国实施合同环境服务政策的思考

首先介绍了国外实施自愿性环境协议的基本情况与我国实施自愿性能源合同管理的主要经验。在此基础上,论述了我国实施合同环境服务政策的必然性。提出:进行合同环境服务政策的政策研究与设计是实施合同环境服务政策的关键;加大财政支持力度是实施合同环境服务政策的基础;建立合同环境服务政策的运行机制,有关部门与行业协会的作用,是实施合同环境服务政策的保证。     

Current status and trends of the environmental performance in European ports

This paper investigates the current status and trends over time in the environmental performance of European ports. The research is based on the provision of data from 79 European ports on issues related to their environmental management, environmental priorities and current environmental monitoring practices. This study updates previous environmental reviews, so that the trends over time are drawn. For instance, 90% of respondent ports stated that they have an environmental policy and 94% of ports have designated environmental personnel. The percentage of ports that have an Environmental Management System has increased by +33% in the last 9 years. Air quality, port waste and energy consumption emerged as the three major environmental priorities of the European port sector in 2013. The research also reveals the diversity amongst European ports in terms of size and physical surroundings. Some examples are presented on specific initiatives carried out by sector organisations about the Top-10 port priority issues. The future expectations of European ports on data collection and reporting are described.     

From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management

Academic and corporate interest in sustainable supply chain management has risen considerably in recent years. This can be seen by the number of papers published and in particular by journal special issues. To establish the field further, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it offers a literature review on sustainable supply chain management taking 191 papers published from 1994 to 2007 into account. Second, it offers a conceptual framework to summarize the research in this field comprising three parts. As starting point related triggers are identified. This allows putting forward two distinct strategies: (1) supplier management for risks and performance, and (2) supply chain management for sustainable products. It is evident that research is still dominated by green/environmental issues. Social aspects and also the integration of the three dimensions of sustainability are still rare.Both practitioners in companies and academics might find the review useful, as it outlines major lines of research in the field. Further, it discusses specific features of sustainable supply chains as well as limitations of existing research; this should stimulate further research.     

德国环境政策的实施手段研究

从环境法律与规划手段、环境条例手段、经济手段、志愿协议，以及生态审核等方面分析了德国的环境政策的实施手段，特别论述了德国环境政策在促进资源回收利用、废弃物管理、率先走向循环型经济社会方面所发挥的作用，以期为我国环境管理提供借鉴与参考。     

Protection of Antarctic soil environments: A review of the current issues and future challenges for the Environmental Protocol

2016 marked the 25th anniversary of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Terrestrial ice-free areas constitute approximately 0.18% of Antarctica, but represent the most biologically active, historically rich, and environmentally sensitive sites. Antarctic soils are easily disturbed and environmental legacies of human activities are scattered across the continent; many are remnants of the 1950s-1980s when environmental protection was less comprehensive than today. Adoption of the Environmental Protocol in 1991 represented an important and proactive shift in Antarctic governance, securing environmental protection as a fundamental tenet of the Treaty System. Twenty five years on standards of environmental management have greatly improved, yet environmental pressures are compounding. Shortcomings in the implementation of the Environmental Protocol exist due to disparities in cultural values, operational realities, and inconsistent environmental impact assessments among governments and National Antarctic Programs. Non-native species management remains underdeveloped; and there is inadequate representation of all biogeographic regions within the Protected Area system; therefore jeopardizing conservation of Antarctic biodiversity and the integrity of the soil environment. Fundamental improvements are required to address the current shortcomings and ensure effective environmental protection for the next 25 years, including: (1) increased multinational and multidisciplinary collaboration to answer targeted research questions addressing contemporary management challenges, (2) effective communication of science to policy makers and environmental managers to inform decision- making, and (3) making the mandate of long-term monitoring of the terrestrial environment a high priority for all governments signatory to the Antarctic Treaty.     

我国环境影响评价制度实践与展望—环评法20周年回顾

环境影响评价（简称环评）制度具有从源头防止环境污染和生态破坏的重要作用,是环境保护参与综合决策的重要途径。2003年《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》（简称环评法）的实施确立了环评这一环境管理制度的法律地位,是我国环评制度发展的里程碑。在环评法实施的20年间,从项目环评到规划环评,再到大区域战略环评与政策环评,我国环评制度实现了飞跃性发展。基于环评制度的研究与实践进展识别现存不足,可为我国下阶段环评制度发展提供参考。本文首先回顾环评制度体系发展,其次基于文献计量与可视化分析的方法,对环评法实施20年来我国环评制度研究进展进行总结与热点分析,结合分析结果梳理总结我国环评制度实践进展。建议未来从深入环评与排污许可制度衔接、加强事中事后监管、提高规划环评地位、加强政策环评发展和提高公众参与有效性等方面,进一步提高我国环评制度实施的有效性,助力我国生态环境质量持续改善和经济高质量发展。

     

试论公众参与环境决策

公众参与环境决策的理论和实践在我国还是一个新事物。本文深入探讨了在我国公众参与环境决策的理论依据、法律依据以及现实依据；并从现实的角度对我国公众参与环境决策的作用和现状进行了分析；最后，针对我国公众参与环境决策实践过程中存在的问题提出了加强环保知识宣传，完善环境立法以及扩展环境知情权等四点进一步促进我国公众参与环境决策的对策。     

成都市水环境库兹涅茨曲线实证研究

针对成都市水环境质量逐年改善的现状,运用环境库兹涅茨曲线的理论模型对成都市水环境进行了实证研究。选用化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3-N）排放量和水环境质量中相对应的高锰酸盐指数和氨氮浓度作为研究重点,构建了水环境质量指数、水污染物排放指数,从实证的角度,运用计量经济学模型分析了水环境因子和经济发展二者之间的计量关系——环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）。结果显示,成都市经济和水环境两者关系基本符合EKC曲线特征,且与发达国家、发达地区相比,在经济发展水平更低的情况下实现转折点,据此分析了成都市环境库兹涅茨曲线形成的原因,提出了成都市经济和环境协调发展的政策建议。     

第三方服务在我国跨区域环境监管机制构建中的应用

跨区域监管在国外已积累了丰富的成功经验,国内现行的跨区域监管机构尚处于起步探索阶段,存在分工不明、职责不清晰,信息流通不畅顺,协调不力等问题。在研究我国流域管理机构职能的基础上,提出在我国的跨区域、流域环境管理机构中引入第三方服务,可为流域管理提供监测、民意调查和投资等服务功能,有利于打破行政区域的分割,减少跨区域环境质量数据的差异性,真实有效地反映流域的环境状况,减少不同行政部门之间在流域管理上的矛盾,有利于完善流域环境机构,建立事故发生通报机制、监测结果互通机制、共同监测机制和协调处置机制。     

完善环境保护强制性政策的探讨

从目前我国实施强制性政策的现实必要性出发，合理界定强制性政策的科学内涵，剖析了其执行不力的症结与难点，探讨进一步完善、强化和实施的若干对策。     

沈阳经济技术开发区环境质量现状分析

通过近５年的环境监测数据，分析了沈阳经济技术开发区环境质量的现状及变化趋势，同时进行了经济增长趋势与环境质量变化趋势对比。得出了比较明确的结论，为开发区发展决策提供了环境保护方面科学的参考依据。     

社会主义市场经济与环境立法

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，环境立法也应随这相应发展，环境保护法制建设必要性和重要性，一是填补原有的立法空白，包括持续发展立法，环境保护组织立法环境保护行政法程序立法，二是现行环境法是一些不能与新形势相适应的内容必须加以修改完善，以排污收费为例，分析了实施中存在的问题，探讨了实行环境税的积极作用。     

浅议二十一世纪中国的环境管理

针对我国环境面临的严峻形势，从政府、企业和公众三方面分析了当前我国环境管理存在的问题，提出了解决这些问题的决策。